英语语法非常简单的讲解Grammar

1、 Simple PresentSimple Present is the most basic verb tense in English. It has several uses:STRUCTURESubject + Base Verb + ObjectExamples: · I like pizza.· She lives in Toronto.· We have a dog.· They go to school.For "he", "she", and "it" use the thir

2、d-person verb. This is the same as the base verb, but it has an "s" on the end:1. Base Verb - play, live, run2. 3rd Person Verb - plays, lives, runsThis table shows the difference between the third person pronouns. Notice the "s" on the end of the word. Base Verb3rd PersonI live

3、in Vancouver.He lives in Vancouver.You play soccer.She plays soccer.Tom and Dan (they) like basketball.Tom (he) likes basketball.The books (they) look old.The book (it) looks old.Here are all the pronouns with the verbs in simple present:l I like pizza.l You like pizza.l He likes pizza.l She likes p

4、izza.l It likes pizza.l We like pizza.l They like pizza.NegativesNegatives in simple present use do not or does not. They also use be + not.Do Not/Does NotSubject + Do/Does +not + base verbExamples: I do not like pizza.She does not play baseball.After do not or does not the verb is always in the bas

5、e form.· He likes soccer.· He does not like soccer.· She studies English.· She does not study English.Here is a table that shows all the negative forms using do not or does not in the simple present.Be + NotNegative sentences can also use the verb to be and not. They look like th

6、ese examples:I am not a doctor.· She is not hungry.· They are not from Africa.Simple Past· The simple past tense in English is formed like this:Regular VerbsSubject + Verb + EDExamples: I played hockey yesterday.· He jumped on the bed.· Irregular VerbsIrregular verbs dont en

7、d in "ed". They have different endings. They are called irregular verbs because their endings are different.Examples: Go = went· Have = hadVerb to be in the simple past USESActions at a specific time in the past· I ate dinner at 5:00 pm yesterday.· He went to school this mor

8、ning.Completed actions in the past· I finished my homework before dinner.· She quit her job.Past status· I was a teacher 5 years ago.· They were tired last night.NEGATIVESSubject + Did + Not + Base VerbExamples: I did not eat yesterday.· They didn't (did not) go to class

9、 last week.QUESTIONSQuestions in simple past are the same as in thesimple present. There are 2 types:1. Did2. Was/WereDid + Subject + Verb (in present)Examples: Did you eat yesterday?· Did they go to the store last week?Was/Were + Subject Examples:Was he tired last night?· Were they late t

10、his morning?· SIMPLE PAST TIME PHRASES Simple FutureThe future tense in English is formed in two ways:1. Will2. Going toWillSubject + will + base verb + object· I will go to work tomorrow.· They will eat seafood for dinner.Will is always followed by a base verb. · I sing.· H

11、e sings.· I will sing.· He will sing.Contractions with WillI will IllYou will YoullHe will HellShe will ShellIt will ItllWe will WellThey will TheyllGoing toSubject + verb to be + going to + base verb + object· I am going to eat pizza for dinner.· He is going to go to work tomorr

12、ow.· They are going to have a party on Saturday.Notice how the verb "to be" must agree with its subject.QUESTIONSFor questions in the simple future, change the subject and the auxiliary verb.Will you come to the party?· Will she go to work tomorrow?· Are you going to come to

13、 the party?· Is he going to play soccer tonight?NEGATIVESFor negatives in the simple future, use "not".· I will not cook dinner tonight.· I am not going to cook dinner tonight.Contraction:will not = won't· I wont go to the party tomorrow.· Greg won't like t

14、he movie. Present ContinuousThe present continuous is a verb tense used to show actions in the present. These actions are happening right now.STRUCTURESubject + Verb “to be” + Verb + ing (gerund)· I am talking.· She is not singing.· They are watching a movie.USESPresent continuous is

15、used for actions happening right now. · I am eating dinner now.· He is listening to music.Now can mean many things. It may mean right now or this second. It can also mean these days or this year. I am listening to music right now. (This describes the action happening right now)I am working

16、 at Burger King. (The person is not working this minute, but in general) The second example shows how simple present and present continuous can be used in the same way. How are you? How are you doing?I live in Toronto. I am living in Toronto.I teach at Chester High School. I am teaching at Chester.Q

17、UESTIONSThe verb and the subject are reversed to form a question with the present continuous.Yes/No QuestionsIs he eating dinner? Yes . he is eating dinner.Are you watching a movie? No. I am playing pianoWH QuestionsWhere is he going?What are you doing?Why is she singing? Past ContinuousPast continu

18、ous is a verb tense also called past progressive.It is used for continuous actions in the past.STRUCTURESubject + Was/Were + Verb + INGExamples:· I was sleeping.· They were dancing.Past continuous is used to show an action that was continuing in the past until another action interrupted it

19、. The continuing action is past continuous and the interrupting action is simple past.Example: I was sleeping when you called me. · (The action of sleeping was continuing over time until the telephone call interrupted the sleeping.)Here are some more examples: She was playing in the park when i

20、t started to rain.· While they were talking, the pizza arrived.· The car crashed when we were walking across the street.An expression of time can be used as an interruption as well.· We were eating dinner at 4 oclock.· At 6 oclock we were still studying for our test.Here are some

21、 more uses of the past continuous:Parallel ActionsPast continuous is used to show two actions happening at the same time in the past. I was reading and he was watching TV.· While she was sleeping, Jack was doing his homework.Notice the word "while" is often used in these situations: W

22、hile I was cleaning, she was watching television.· He was talking while she was studying.Repetition in the PastPast Continuous can also be used to show actions that happened many times in the past.He was always breaking something when he was a child.· I couldn't enjoy the movie because

23、 the people behind me were talking the whole time.Here are some more tips for using the past continous:Past continuous can often be used in the same places as simple past.· Yesterday I read a book.· Yesterday I was reading a book.Often it is determined by the question. What were you doing

24、yesterday? I was reading.· What did you do yesterday? I read.Remember that, just like present continuous, you cannot use non-continuous verbs in continuous tenses.INCORRECT· I was liking pizza when I was young. CORRECT · I liked pizza when I was young. INCORRECT· I was wanting to

25、 eat pizza yesterday.CORRECT· I wanted to eat pizza yesterday.For more information on stative verbs, try the stative/dynamic verbs lesson.Present Perfect· Present perfect is one of the most important English verb tenses. STRUCTURESubject + Have/Has + (Not or Never) + Past Participle + Obje

26、ct I have eaten.· She has not eaten. Contractions:Have + Not = havent Has + Not = hasnt QUESTIONSHave/Has + Subject + Past Participle + Object Have you visited Texas?· Has she driven a motorcycle?Answers: Yes, I have. No, I havent. Yes, she has. No, she hasn't.USESActions in the past w

27、ith no specific time. This means the time is unknown or not important.I have visited Montreal.· They have tried sushi.Activities that affect the present or continue in the present· I have been a teacher for 10 years. · (This person continues to be a teacher)She has always loved to rea

28、d. · (She still loves to read)Present Perfect is used differently than Simple Past.I have been to England. (No time)· I went to England last year. (Time)You can't use Present Perfect with time phrases.Example: yesterday, last week, 3 days ago, when I was 16, etc. You can use Present pe

29、rfect withever, never, once, several times, a few times, still, yet, alreadyExamples: I have eaten sushi yesterday. (incorrect)· I have eaten sushi 3 times. (correct) She has learned English 3 years ago. (incorrect)· She has never learned English. (correct) Past PerfectThe past perfect is

30、similar to the present perfect, but it is used differently.STRUCTURETo form the past perfect, use this structure:Subject + Had + Past ParticipleHere are some examples:I had tried sushi before I went to Japan.· I had done my homework already.The past perfect always uses "had", which is

31、 the verb "have" in the past. It is common to use a contraction with "had":USESActions in the past that happen before another action. The 1st action is in past perfect and the second action is insimple past. · Take a look at this situation and how past perfect is used:7:00 I

32、 ate dinner.9:00 She invited me to a restaurant.She invited me to a restaurant but I had eaten dinner.Here are some examples of the past perfect:I had never been to his house before I went to his party.· I arrived at the station at 9:00 am, but the train had left.· I had not met his girlfr

33、iend before.· He had not studied English before he came to Canada.Past Perfect and Present PerfectPast perfect is present perfect in the past. Look at the example to understand how past perfect works the same as present perfect.(Monday)Tom: Would you like to go out for dinner?Jane: No. I have a

34、lready eaten dinner. (Present Perfect)(Tuesday)Kim: Did you go out for dinner with Jane?Tom: No. I invited her to dinner, but she had already eaten.This means the words that are common with present perfect can also be used in the past. These include ALREADY, YET, STILL, SINCE, and FOR.My teacher asked me for my project, but I had not finished it yet.· He introduced me to his father, and I realized had already met him.· I ate a lot of food last night for dinner, because I hadn't eaten anything since breakfast.· I had not seen my sist