非谓语动词间句法功能（课堂PPT）

1、动词不定式的基本形式动词不定式的基本形式分词分词/动名词的基本形式动名词的基本形式 1作主语作主语 不定式多表具体的动不定式多表具体的动作，动名词多表抽象作，动名词多表抽象 习惯的动作习惯的动作（1）不定式做主语）不定式做主语不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,谓语用单数，为了平衡句子谓语用单数，为了平衡句子,通常用通常用it作形式主语作形式主语,构成句型构成句型:Its +n.(adj.)+ for(of) sb. +to do sth.To find out who stole the money is not easy.Its not easy (for you )to find out wh

2、o stole the money.不定式的复合结构不定式的复合结构 :for sb to do, of sb to doIt is useful for you to learn some spoken English.It is very kind of you to come here.It is foolish of him to do such a thing.在某些形容词如在某些形容词如clever, good ,nice, kind ,foolish, careless, right, wrong, rude, impolite等词之后的不定式前，常加等词之后的不定式前，常加of

3、短语短语,这这是对人做某事的赞扬，责备或感激等。是对人做某事的赞扬，责备或感激等。2作宾语作宾语Im preparing to take the examination next week.（1）只接）只接to do 作宾语的动词作宾语的动词 (6)介词介词but/ except 表除了，其前有实义动词表除了，其前有实义动词do时，时，but / except后的不定式后的不定式to要省略，否则要省略，否则to则不省则不省.我们用一句话概括就是：我们用一句话概括就是： 有有dodo无无toto，有，有 toto无无 dodoShe has no choice but to waitHe cou

4、ld do nothing but wait.3作表语作表语（1 1）不定式做定语）不定式做定语 a a 作作定语的不定式与被修饰的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词往往存在着三种的名词或代词往往存在着三种逻辑关系，逻辑关系，主谓关系主谓关系，动宾关动宾关系，同位语关系系，同位语关系Alice is always the first student to come to school. (主谓关系主谓关系)Tom has a large family to support.(动宾关系动宾关系)My father made a promise to buy me a bicycle.(同位语关系同位语关

5、系)4做定语做定语B在动宾关系时，不定式动词为不及物动词,应在该动词后加上一个介词Please pass me some paper to write on.She has a nice pen to write with.He bought a flat for the family to live in.c当名词被当名词被the first ,the last等序数词等序数词以及以及 the only ,形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰时，常用不定式作定语，而不管动修饰时，常用不定式作定语，而不管动作是否已完成作是否已完成 He is the only person to know the t

6、ruth. She is always the first to come and the last to leave.（2）宾补为省去）宾补为省去to 的不定式的不定式, 被动时需加被动时需加上上 to a.表示感觉或心理状态的动词表示感觉或心理状态的动词see / watch / notice /observe / hear / listen to/ feel 等等 They saw the boy fall from the tree. The boy was seen to fall from the tree. b. 使役动词使役动词have , make ,let 但无但无make

7、 sb doing sth的结构的结构 6作状语（动词不定式与分词）作状语（动词不定式与分词）She was very surprised to hear the news.（原（原因）因）He went home to find his old friend Tom waiting for him.（结果）（结果） a. 表结果时表结果时 only to do 表意料之外，表意料之外，only doing 表情理之中表情理之中 I hurried to the station, only to find the train had left. (意料之外意料之外)He got up earl

8、y only catching the first bus (情理之中）情理之中） .B 不定式用作结果状语时，还可以用于不定式用作结果状语时，还可以用于 so as to/suchas to(如此如此以致于以致于) ，too to adj./adv./n. + enough to do Jim got up so early as to catch the first bus.The problem is too difficult for us to work out.The boy is old enough to go to school.c 主动形式表被动意义的不定主动形式表被动意义

9、的不定式式eg: The question is very difficult to answer. The armchair is comfortable to sit in . 主语主语be +adj. +to do 能用于此句型的形容词有：能用于此句型的形容词有：difficult ,easy, comfortable ,hard, pleasant，interesting, dangerous, 等等 (2)分词做状语可以表示时间，分词做状语可以表示时间， 原因，条件，原因，条件， 让步，让步， 伴随，方式，伴随，方式，结果结果Not having received (=As I ha

10、dnt received )an answer , I wrote him a letter.He sat at the table ,reading the China Daily and read the China Daily改错：改错：1.Seeing from the top of the hill, the park looks very beautiful. seen2. Being dark, she didnt dare to go out alone. It (3) a 分词的独立主格结构：由主语分词的独立主格结构：由主语+分分词构成词构成Everything done(

11、=After everything was done) , they went home.Mother being ill in bed （=Because Mother was ill in bed）, he couldnt go to work.Time permitting （=If time permits） , I shall stay here for another two days_with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain doesnt seem high at all.A When compared B To compareC While comparing D It comparedThe discovery of new evidence led to _A the thief having caught B catch the thiefC the thief being caught D the thief to be caught_