unit4_EARTHQUAKE_Grammar语法

1、The Attributive Clause (I)(that, which, who, whose)Unit 4 GrammarUnit 4 GrammarAttribute (定语定语)1. He is an honest boy.2. We love our country.3. Whats your telephone number? 4. She is a beautiful girl.修饰；限定修饰；限定honestourtelephone找出下列句中的定语。找出下列句中的定语。beautiful The positions of the attribute: （定语的位置）（定语

2、的位置）1. This is a flower basket.2. This is a basket full of flowers.3. This is a basket that I want to put flowers in.单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。于被修饰词的后面。vHe who laughs last laughs best.vFriendship is like health, the value of which is seldom known until it i

3、s lost.真正的友谊犹如健康的身体，失去时真正的友谊犹如健康的身体，失去时方知其可贵。方知其可贵。谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。Can you translate these proverbs into Chinese?whowhich语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。法规律。Lets look at the followin

4、g sentences. A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals.The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.The a

5、rmy organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.These are the sentences with attributive clauses from the reading passage. 1. 定义：定义： 又称形容词性从句，在复合句中修又称形容词性从句，在复合句中修饰名词或代词，起定语作用。饰名词或代词，起定语作用。2. 先行词：先行词： 被定语从

6、句修饰的名词或代词。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。3. 关系代词关系代词关系副词：关系副词： 引导定语从句的词。引导定语从句的词。关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词which, that, who, whom, whose等等where, why, when在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语和表语在定语从句中作状在定语从句中作状语语Relative pronounsRelative adverbsThe man who lives next to us sells vegetables.先行词先行词放置于名词之放置于名词之_，修饰名词的从句修饰名词的从句关系词关系词

7、连接作用连接作用1.2. 在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分后后The man who lives next to uswho指代内容指代内容所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose关系代词的用法关系代词的用法人；物人；物物物人人人人(人人/物物)的的主语主语, ,宾语宾语主语主语, ,宾语宾语主语主语, ,宾语宾语宾语宾语定语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省可省可省不可省不可省1. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾 语，做宾语时常可省略。语，做宾语时常可省略。1) Football is a

8、 game which is liked by most boys.2) He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 3) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4) The film (which) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 2. that指人时，相当于指人时，相当于who或或whom；指；指 物时，相当于物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作。在定语从句中作 主语或宾语，作宾语

9、时常可省略。主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。1)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?2) The person that/whom you introduced to me is very kind. 3) The season that/which comes after spring is summer. 4) Yesterday I received a letter that/which came from Australia. 3. who指人，作主语或宾语指人，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省作宾语可省 略）略） The boys w

10、ho are playing football are from Class One. A person who steals things is called a thief.4. whom指人，作宾语指人，作宾语 (作宾语可省略，如作宾语可省略，如 介词提前则不能省介词提前则不能省) The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li. The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.5. whose在定语从句中作定语，与后面的名在定语从句中作定语，与后面的名 词为所属关系。词为所属关系。 whose多指人，也可指多指人，也可指 物，指物

11、时可与物，指物时可与of which互换使用。互换使用。1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.2) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. = The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.3) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? = Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? D

12、o you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?Do you know the girl in our class?Her hair is very short.He is the student.I broke his pencil yesterday.He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. that和和which在指物的情况下一般都在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用that而不用而不用which。(1) 限制性定语

13、从句中先行词为限制性定语从句中先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, little, some等不定代词指物时。等不定代词指物时。(something用用that或或which均可均可) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. (2) There be句型中用句型中用that。There is a book on the desk that be

14、longs to Tom.(3) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.This is the first time (that) I am in Beijing.(4) 先行词是先行词是who或或which引导的主句。引导的主句。Who is the girl that drove the car? Who that broke the window will be punished?Which is

15、 the T-shirt that fits me most?Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?(5) 当先行词既有人又有物。当先行词既有人又有物。They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school. Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.(6) 先行词被先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much,

16、 the only, the very, the last, just, right等修饰。等修饰。Ive read all the books that are not mine. This is the very book that belongs to him.(1) 紧跟介词作宾语紧跟介词作宾语There are many trees under which they can have a rest.(2) 在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中Football, which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.(

17、3) 作定语作定语 He may be late, in which case, we should wait for him.一般用一般用which而不用而不用that的情况。的情况。 当主句中的主语是当主句中的主语是who时，只能用时，只能用that。 e.g. Who is the girl that is standing over there? 在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中,用用who和和whom,及及介词后面时只能用介词后面时只能用whom。 e.g. I have a son, who is really lovely and interesting. There a

18、re 40 students in the class, most of whom are boys.修饰人时关系代词修饰人时关系代词that和和who, whom的区分。的区分。Beijing is the city _ has got the chance to host the 2008 Olympic Games.which / that用合适的关系代词填空。用合适的关系代词填空。Ye Xin is a nurse _ died in the fight against SARS. who / thatTitanic is the ship _ sank after hitting a

19、n iceberg.which / thatRose and Jack are the lovers _ met on the ship.whoReview本课时涉及的要点是以本课时涉及的要点是以that, which, who和和whose引导的定语从句的用法。引导的定语从句的用法。通过本课时的学习我们需要了解什么通过本课时的学习我们需要了解什么是定语从句并学会选择正确的关系代是定语从句并学会选择正确的关系代词。词。Individual activity1. Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater cha

20、nce of having heart disease than those _ dont. (2006北京北京) A. who; / B. /; who C. who; who D. /; /Quiz I: Multiple choice 2. Look out! Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair. (2006福建福建) A. whose B. which C. of which D. that3. The thought of going back home was _ kept him happy while h

21、e was working abroad. (2007上海春上海春) A. that B. all that C. all what D. which4. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city _ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. (2009湖南湖南) A. which B. of which C. that D. whose5. She brought with her three friends, none of _ I h

22、ad ever met before. (2009全国全国I) A. them B. who C. whom D. these6. A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails. (2009天津天津) A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever7. I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault. (2010全国全国II). A. who B. that C. as D.

23、 what8. Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. (2010北京北京) A. what B. whose C. which D. that9. Ive become good friend with several of the student in my school _ I meet in the English speech contest last year. (2010湖南湖南) A. who B. where C. when D. which 10. The

24、newly built caf, the walls of _ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. (2010江苏江苏) A. that B. it C. what D. which 11. Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. (2010山东山东) A. that B. which C. whose D. what12. The old temple _ roof was damag

25、ed in storm is now under repair. (2010陕西陕西) A. where B. which C. its D. whose14. The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. (2011全国全国I) A. that B. which C. whose D. what15. Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family. (2011上海上海) A. wh

26、ich B. where C. when D. as 1 The woman is a teacher.2 The woman lives next door.The woman who lives next door is ateacher.1 The nurse is kind. 2 The nurse looks after my sister. The nurse who/that looks after my sister is kind.Quiz II: 合并下列句子。合并下列句子。1 Kevin is reading a book. 2 The book is too diffi

27、cult for him.Kevin is reading a book which/that is too difficult for him.1 I have a friend. 2 He likes listening to classical music.I have a friend who/that likes listening to classical music.1 Many people were afraid to swim in the sea. 2 They saw the film Jaws.Many people who/that saw the film Jaw

28、s were afraid to swim in the sea.1 It is about a big white shark. 2 It attacks swimmers.It is about a big white shark which/that attacks swimmers.1 I know the doctor.2 His daughter studies abroad.I know the doctor whose daughter studies abroad.1 Have you seen my book?2 The books cover is red.Have yo

29、u seen my book whose cover is red?1. 昨天我看的那部电影非常令人感动。昨天我看的那部电影非常令人感动。2. 他丢失了他父亲给他的那块手表。他丢失了他父亲给他的那块手表。3. 刚才跟你讲话的那个人是我们的校长。刚才跟你讲话的那个人是我们的校长。The film that I saw yesterday is very moving.He lost the watch that/which his father gave him.The man who talked with you just now is our principal.Quiz III: Tra

30、nslation (1) 中译英中译英4. 我捡到的那本书是小王丢失的。我捡到的那本书是小王丢失的。5. 我们最需要的东西是时间。我们最需要的东西是时间。6. 我最喜欢的学科是英语。我最喜欢的学科是英语。The book which/that I picked up is the one that Xiao Wang lost.The thing that we need badly is time.The subject that/which I like best is English.7. 站在学校门口的那个人是我们的老师。站在学校门口的那个人是我们的老师。8. 你知道那个马尾辫你知道那个马尾辫 (ponytail) 长长的女长长的女 孩吗？孩吗？9. 我永远忘不了那位教授上星期给我们做我永远忘不了那位教授上星期给我们做 的讲座。的讲座。 The man who is standing at the school gate is our teacher.Do you know the girl whose ponytail is long?I will never fo