202X版高考英语一轮复习第一部分语言知识Unit3Scienceandnature课件牛津译林版必修5

1、Unit 3Unit 3Science and natureScience and nature基础知识基础知识考点知识考点知识基础知识基础知识梳理梳理 抓主干抓主干固双基固双基单单词词拓拓展展1.1. n.n.意图意图, ,目的目的; ;企图企图 v. v.意欲意欲; ;打算打算2.2. vt. vt.收养收养; ;采用采用 n.n.采纳采纳3.3. n.n.结果结果, ,后果后果 adj.adj.作为结果的作为结果的 adv.adv.所以所以, ,因此因此4.4. n.n.多数多数, ,大多数大多数 v. v.主修主修 adj.adj.主要的主要的intentionintentionint

2、endintendadoptadoptadoptionadoptionconsequenceconsequenceconsequentconsequentconsequentlyconsequentlymajoritymajoritymajormajor单单词词拓拓展展 5.5. vt.& vi. vt.& vi.证实证实; ;确认确认6.6. n. n.赞同赞同; ;帮助帮助; ;偏爱偏爱 adj. adj.有利的有利的7.7. n. n.利润利润 vi.& vt.vi.& vt.获益获益 adj. adj.有益的有益的8.8. n. n.准许准许, ,许可许

3、可, ,批准批准 vt. vt.准许准许, ,允许允许 n.n.许可证许可证, ,执照执照9.9. vt. vt.使惊吓使惊吓, ,使惊恐使惊恐 adj. adj.受惊的受惊的 adj. adj.令人害怕的令人害怕的confirmconfirmfavourfavourfavourablefavourableprofitprofitprofitableprofitablepermissionpermissionpermitpermitfrightenfrightenfrightenedfrightenedfrighteningfrightening单单词词拓拓展展 10.10. adj. adj

4、.精确的精确的, ,准确的准确的 adv. adv.精确地精确地, ,确切地确切地11.11. n.n.判断力判断力; ;看法看法 v. v.判断判断; ;评价评价 n.n.法官法官, ,裁判裁判12.12. n.n.关系关系; ;亲戚亲戚 v. v.相关相关13.13. adj. adj.短暂的短暂的; ;简洁的简洁的 adv. adv.简单地简单地; ;简短地简短地14.14. n. n.忧虑忧虑, ,焦虑焦虑, ,不安不安 adj. adj.忧虑的忧虑的exactexactexactlyexactlyjudgementjudgementjudgejudgerelationrelation

5、relaterelatebriefbriefbrieflybrieflyanxietyanxietyanxiousanxious单单词词拓拓展展15.15. adj. adj.合法的合法的 adv. adv.合法地合法地16.16. vt.& vi. vt.& vi.收割收割( (庄稼庄稼) ) n. n.收获收获17.17. vt. vt.使改变形态使改变形态18.18. n. n.概念概念; ;观念观念 19.19. n.n.罪罪, ,罪行罪行 n. n.罪犯罪犯20.20. n. n.突破突破21.21. adj. adj.原来的原来的; ;首创的首创的 adv. adv

6、.原本原本, ,起初起初legallegallegallylegallyharvestharvesttransformtransformconceptconceptcrimecrimecriminalcriminalbreakthroughbreakthroughoriginaloriginaloriginallyoriginally单单词词拓拓展展22.22. vt. vt.实施实施; ;指挥乐队指挥乐队 n.n.行为行为, ,举动举动23.23. n.n.仔细考虑仔细考虑; ;体谅体谅 v. v.考虑考虑24.24. adj. adj.普通的普通的, ,一般的一般的25.25. adj.

7、adj.准确的准确的, ,精确的精确的 adv. adv.准确地准确地26.26. n. n.一系列一系列27.summary27.summary n._ n._28.insert28.insert vt._ vt._conductconductconsiderationconsiderationconsiderconsiderordinaryordinaryaccurateaccurateaccuratelyaccuratelychainchain总结总结; ;概括概括, ,概要概要插入插入, ,嵌入嵌入 短短语语记记忆忆1.push ahead 1.push ahead 努力推进努力推进2

8、.be/get burnt 2.be/get burnt 耗尽体力耗尽体力, ,累垮累垮3.take.3.take. consideration consideration认真考虑认真考虑4.point 4.point view view 观点观点5.5. the one hand. the one hand. 一方面一方面另一另一 the other hand. the other hand. 方面方面6.toy 6.toy 戏弄戏弄, ,摆弄摆弄7.in favour 7.in favour 赞同赞同, ,支持支持, ,对对有利有利8.follow 8.follow ones footst

9、eps ones footsteps 效仿某人效仿某人9.9. sale sale 供出售供出售, ,待销售待销售 withwithoutoutintointoofofononononwithwithofofininforfor句句型型整整理理1.1. cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries, cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with research in some s

10、cientists are already pushing ahead with research in order to produce a cloned human baby. order to produce a cloned human baby.尽管克隆人类胚胎在很多尽管克隆人类胚胎在很多 国家还不合法国家还不合法, ,但一些科学家正在加紧研究但一些科学家正在加紧研究, ,以制造出克隆的人类以制造出克隆的人类 婴儿。婴儿。2.2. is this is this with genetically modified (GM) with genetically modified (GM)

11、 food. food.转基因食品就是最好的例子。转基因食品就是最好的例子。 WhileWhileNowhereNention ention n.意图意图, ,目的目的; ;企图企图考点知识考点知识导练导练 解疑难解疑难提知能提知能归纳归纳拓展拓展have no intention ofhave no intention of没有没有的打算的打算with the intention ofwith the intention of抱有抱有的目的的目的, ,打算打算be intended forbe intended for为

12、为而提供的而提供的; ;专为专为而设计的而设计的intend sb.to do end sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事打算让某人做某事intend to do/doing end to do/doing sth.打算做某事打算做某事英文典例英文典例: :He left England He left England with the intention ofwith the intention of travelling in Africa. travelling in Africa. 他离开英国他离开英国, ,打算去非洲旅行。打算去非洲旅行。But w

13、hen Dennis Williams received a text that clearly But when Dennis Williams received a text that clearly wasnwasnt t intended for intended for him,he did something special. him,he did something special.(2018(2018全国全国,完形填空完形填空) ) 但是当但是当Dennis WilliamsDennis Williams收到一条明显不是发给他的短信时收到一条明显不是发给他的短信时, ,他做了一

14、些特他做了一些特 别的事。别的事。I fully I fully intended tointended to pay for the damage. pay for the damage. 我确实诚心想赔偿损失。我确实诚心想赔偿损失。写作联想写作联想: :典例其他表达方式典例其他表达方式The book The book is specially written foris specially written for children. children.The book The book is specially designed foris specially designed for

15、children. children.The book The book is specially offered tois specially offered to children. children.即学即用即学即用: :完成句子完成句子我不想在画还没有完成前就让她看到。我不想在画还没有完成前就让她看到。 I didnt I didnt the painting untilthe painting until it was finished. it was finished.我无意去参加婚礼。我无意去参加婚礼。 I have I have of going to the wedding.

16、of going to the wedding.答案答案: :intend her to seeintend her to seeno intentionno intention2.adopt vt.2.adopt vt.收养收养, ,领养领养; ;采用采用, ,采纳采纳归纳拓展归纳拓展adopt ones suggestion/adviceadopt ones suggestion/advice采纳某人的建议采纳某人的建议adopt sb.as.adopt sb.as.收养某人为收养某人为;挑选挑选为为an adopted sonan adopted son养子养子英文典例英文典例: :Al

17、l three teams All three teams adoptedadopted different approaches to the problem. different approaches to the problem. 三个队处理这个问题的方法各不相同。三个队处理这个问题的方法各不相同。Danny is their Danny is their adopted sonadopted son. . 丹尼是他们的养子。丹尼是他们的养子。词语辨析词语辨析: :adoptadopt意为意为“采纳采纳; ;收养收养”。adaptadapt意为意为“改编改编; ;适应适应”。She wa

18、s forced to have her babyShe was forced to have her baby adopted adopted. .她被迫把婴儿给别人收养。她被迫把婴儿给别人收养。Its amazing how soon youIts amazing how soon you adapt adapt. .你这么快就适应了你这么快就适应了, ,真让人难以置信。真让人难以置信。即学即用即学即用: :完成句子完成句子总经理再三考虑之后总经理再三考虑之后, ,决定采纳她的建议。决定采纳她的建议。 After much deliberation,the president decide

19、d to After much deliberation,the president decided to her her suggestion. suggestion.几个月过后这个孩子渐渐适应了他的新生活。几个月过后这个孩子渐渐适应了他的新生活。 After a few months,the child came to After a few months,the child came to to his new life.to his new life.答案答案: :adoptadoptadaptadapt3.consequence n.3.consequence n.结果结果, ,后果

20、后果归纳拓展归纳拓展as a consequence=in consequenceas a consequence=in consequence因此因此, ,结果结果=as a result=as a resultas a consequence of=in consequence ofas a consequence of=in consequence of因为因为的缘故的缘故 =as a result of=as a result of英文典例英文典例: :Two hundred people lost their jobs Two hundred people lost their jo

21、bs as aas a direct direct consequence ofconsequence of the merger. the merger. 合并一事直接导致二百人失去了工作。合并一事直接导致二百人失去了工作。The child was born deformed The child was born deformed in consequence ofin consequence of an injury to an injury to its mother. its mother. 由于母亲受过伤由于母亲受过伤, ,这小孩生下来是畸形。这小孩生下来是畸形。即学即用即学即用:

22、 :句型转换句型转换The rain was heavy and consequently the land was flooded.The rain was heavy and consequently the land was flooded.The rain was heavy and The rain was heavy and ,the land was ,the land was flooded. flooded.The land was flooded The land was flooded thethe heavy rain. heavy rain.答案答案: :as a c

23、onsequenceas a consequenceas a consequence ofas a consequence of4.majority n.4.majority n.多数多数, ,大多数大多数归纳拓归纳拓展展the majority of.the majority of.大多数大多数in a/the majorityin a/the majority占多数占多数major inmajor in主修主修英文典例英文典例: :The majority ofThe majority of them take an online language test before them tak

24、e an online language test before starting their programme. starting their programme.(2016(2016天津天津, ,阅读理解阅读理解A)A) 他们中的大多数他们中的大多数( (学生学生) )在开始课程之前在开始课程之前, ,要参加网上语言测试。要参加网上语言测试。She She majored inmajored in History at Stanford. History at Stanford. 她在斯坦福主修历史。她在斯坦福主修历史。答案答案: :The majority of the student

25、sThe majority of the studentsin a/the majorityin a/the majority即学即用即学即用: :完成句子完成句子大多数学生都喜欢流行音乐。大多数学生都喜欢流行音乐。 are fond of popularare fond of popular music. music.女性在护理行业中占大多数。女性在护理行业中占大多数。 In the nursing profession,women are In the nursing profession,women are .5.confirm vt.& vi.5.confirm vt.&

26、; vi.证实证实, ,证明证明; ;确认确认; ;使确信使确信归纳拓展归纳拓展confirm sth.confirm sth.证明证明/ /证实某事证实某事; ;确认某事确认某事confirm that/wh-confirm that/wh-从句证明从句证明/ /证实证实It has been confirmed that.It has been confirmed that.已经确定已经确定/ /证实证实 英文典例英文典例: :Before choices are finalised,parents/carers will be asked to Before choices are fi

27、nalised,parents/carers will be asked to sign to sign to confirmconfirm their childs choices. their childs choices.(2018(2018全国全国,阅读理解阅读理解A)A) 在选择被完成之前在选择被完成之前, ,父母父母/ /监护人将被要求签字来确认他们孩子的选择。监护人将被要求签字来确认他们孩子的选择。Has everyone Has everyone confirmed (that)confirmed (that) theyre coming? theyre coming? 他们是

28、不是每个人都肯定过一定会来他们是不是每个人都肯定过一定会来? ?It has been confirmed thatIt has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week. the meeting will take place next week. 已经确定会议将于下个星期召开。已经确定会议将于下个星期召开。即学即用即学即用: :翻译句子翻译句子你能证明他诚实吗你能证明他诚实吗? ? The news of his death was later confirmed by the local police.The ne

29、ws of his death was later confirmed by the local police. 答案答案: :Can you confirm his honesty?/Can you confirm that he is Can you confirm his honesty?/Can you confirm that he is honest?honest?他死亡的消息后来得到了当地警方的证实。他死亡的消息后来得到了当地警方的证实。6.favour(=favor) n.6.favour(=favor) n.赞同赞同, ,支持支持; ;恩惠恩惠, ,帮助帮助; ;偏爱偏爱,

30、,偏袒偏袒归纳归纳拓展拓展in favour of in favour of 赞同赞同, ,支持支持in sb.s favour in sb.s favour 对某人有利对某人有利; ;有助于某人有助于某人ask a favour of sb.ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙请某人帮忙do sb.a favour/do a favour for sb.do sb.a favour/do a favour for sb.给某人以恩惠给某人以恩惠; ;帮某帮某人一人一 个忙个忙英文典例英文典例: :He argued He argued in favour ofin favour

31、of a strike. a strike. 他据理力争他据理力争, ,主张罢工。主张罢工。Could you Could you do me a favourdo me a favour and pick up Sam from school today? and pick up Sam from school today? 今天你能帮我个忙去学校接萨姆吗今天你能帮我个忙去学校接萨姆吗? ?即学即用即学即用: :完成句子完成句子她妈妈根本不支持她的婚姻。她妈妈根本不支持她的婚姻。 Her mother is not Her mother is not her marriage at all.

32、her marriage at all.请你帮我个忙好吗请你帮我个忙好吗? ? Can I Can I ,please?,please?帮助我摆脱困难帮助我摆脱困难, ,你真是太好了。你真是太好了。 Its very kind of you to Its very kind of you to toto get out of the trouble. get out of the trouble.答案答案: :in favour ofin favour ofask you a favourask you a favourdo me a favourdo me a fit

33、fit n.利润利润, ,收益收益 vi.& vt. vi.& vt.获益获益; ;对对有用有用归纳拓归纳拓展展make (a) profitmake (a) profit获利获利profit by/from fit by/from sth.从从中获益中获益英文典例英文典例: :The company The company made amade a healthy healthy profitprofit of $106m last year. of $106m last year. 公司去年获得公司去年获得1.061.06亿元的厚利。亿元的厚利。

34、We tried to We tried to profit byprofit by our mistakes. our mistakes. 我们努力从错误中吸取教训。我们努力从错误中吸取教训。词语辨析词语辨析: :profitprofit通常指具体的利益通常指具体的利益, ,尤指金钱上的利益、收益、赢利尤指金钱上的利益、收益、赢利, ,也可指好也可指好处、禆益。处、禆益。benefitbenefit 既可指具体利益既可指具体利益, ,也可指抽象意义上的收获。也可指抽象意义上的收获。He sold the house at a healthy He sold the house at a he

35、althy profitprofit. .他以高利润卖掉了房子。他以高利润卖掉了房子。He thought he would He thought he would benefitbenefit from going to school. from going to school.他认为上学对他有好处。他认为上学对他有好处。即学即用即学即用: :句型转换句型转换Buying a large house at present will profit you.Buying a large house at present will profit you.You will You will buyi

36、ng a large house at present.buying a large house at present.答案答案: :profit by/fromprofit by/from或或benefit by/frombenefit by/from8.permission n.8.permission n.准许准许, ,许可许可, ,批准批准归纳拓展归纳拓展without permissionwithout permission未经许可未经许可permit sb.to do sth.permit sb.to do sth.准许某人做某事准许某人做某事permit doingpermit

37、doing准许做准许做英文典例英文典例: :She took the car She took the car without permissionwithout permission. . 她未经许可擅自使用了汽车。她未经许可擅自使用了汽车。Cash machines Cash machines permit you topermit you to withdraw money at any time. withdraw money at any time. 取款机可让你随时取款。取款机可让你随时取款。The government has already The government has

38、 already permitted permitted the company to use the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.(2017(2017全国全国,阅读理解阅读理解C)C) 政府已经批准公司使用特殊材料来使汽车飞行更容易。政府已经批准公司使用特殊材料来使汽车飞行更容易。即学即用即学即用: :句型转换句型转换Students cant stay

39、away at night without permission.Students cant stay away at night without permission.We dont permit students We dont permit students at night.at night.We dont permit students We dont permit students at night.at night.答案答案: :staying awaystaying awayto stay awayto stay away9.push ahead with9.push ahea

40、d with义无反顾地进行义无反顾地进行, ,努力推进努力推进归纳归纳拓展拓展push ones waypush ones way挤过去挤过去push asidepush aside不考虑不考虑; ;不去想不去想push backpush back推迟推迟; ;延迟延迟push overpush over推翻推翻; ;推倒推倒英文典例英文典例: :The government is The government is pushing ahead withpushing ahead with its electoral reforms. its electoral reforms. 政府正坚定地

41、推行选举改革。政府正坚定地推行选举改革。Try and Try and push your waypush your way through the crowd. through the crowd. 试着从人群中挤过去。试着从人群中挤过去。He He pushed asidepushed aside the feelings of fear. the feelings of fear. 他排除了恐惧。他排除了恐惧。即学即用即学即用: :完成句子完成句子尽管有人反对尽管有人反对, ,他们仍大力推进修建新机场的计划。他们仍大力推进修建新机场的计划。 Despite opposition,they

42、 are Despite opposition,they are their their scheme for a new airport. scheme for a new airport.比赛从午后两点延迟到四点才开始。比赛从午后两点延迟到四点才开始。 The start of the game was The start of the game was from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m.from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m.答案答案: :pushing ahead withpushing ahead withpushed backpushed back10.be/get bu

43、rnt out10.be/get burnt out耗尽体力耗尽体力, ,累垮累垮; ;燃尽燃尽, ,被烧空被烧空归纳归纳拓展拓展burn oneself outburn oneself out耗尽体力耗尽体力, ,累垮累垮burn upburn up激怒激怒; ;焚毁焚毁; ;被烧毁被烧毁burn down(burn down(火势火势) )减弱减弱;(;(被被) )焚毁焚毁 英文典例英文典例: :By the age of 25 she By the age of 25 she waswas completely completely burned outburned out and re

44、tired from and retired from the sport. the sport. 她到她到2525岁时就已体力耗尽岁时就已体力耗尽, ,退出了体坛。退出了体坛。The house The house burned downburned down in 1995. in 1995. 那所房子在那所房子在19951995年被烧毁。年被烧毁。特别提示特别提示: :be/get tired outbe/get tired out以及以及be worn outbe worn out也可表示也可表示“累坏了累坏了; ;累垮了累垮了”。即学即用即学即用: :语法填空语法填空The vill

45、age was burnt The village was burnt to the ground during the war.to the ground during the war.If he doesnt stop working so hard,hell burn himself If he doesnt stop working so hard,hell burn himself .His bad behaviour to me really burns me His bad behaviour to me really burns me .答案答案: :downdownoutou

46、o o consideration仔细考虑仔细考虑; ;体谅体谅, ,顾及顾及归纳拓展归纳拓展out of consideration forout of consideration for出于对出于对的体谅的体谅under considerationunder consideration在考虑中在考虑中英文典例英文典例: :TakingTaking everything everything into considerationinto consideration,the event was a great ,t

47、he event was a great success. success. 总的说来总的说来, ,这项活动取得了极大的成功。这项活动取得了极大的成功。The proposals are currently The proposals are currently under considerationunder consideration. . 那些提案目前正在审议中。那些提案目前正在审议中。即学即用即学即用: :完成句子完成句子如果考虑到他生病这么长时间如果考虑到他生病这么长时间, ,他已表现得很不错了。他已表现得很不错了。 He performed quite well if you He

48、 performed quite well if you it it that that he had been ill for so long a time. he had been ill for so long a time.你的建议还在考虑中。你的建议还在考虑中。 Your suggestion is still Your suggestion is still .答案答案: :take;into considerationtake;into considerationunder considerationunder consideration12.point of view 12.p

49、oint of view 观点观点归纳拓展归纳拓展to the pointto the point切题切题; ;简明恰当简明恰当; ;简洁中肯简洁中肯on the point of doing sth.on the point of doing sth.正要做某事正要做某事There is no point in doing sth.There is no point in doing sth.做某事没有意义做某事没有意义 英文典例英文典例: :The letter was short and The letter was short and to the pointto the point.

50、 . 这封信简短扼要。这封信简短扼要。There is no point inThere is no point in getting angry. getting angry. 发火是没有用的。发火是没有用的。即学即用即学即用: :翻译句子翻译句子他正要离开他正要离开, ,这时有人敲门。这时有人敲门。 依我看依我看, ,这事不能同意。这事不能同意。 答案答案: :He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at th

51、e door.door.This is unacceptable from my point of view.This is unacceptable from my point of view.13.While cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries,some13.While cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries,some scientists are already pushing ahead with research in order to scient

52、ists are already pushing ahead with research in order to produce a cloned human baby. produce a cloned human baby. 尽管克隆人类胚胎在很多国家还不合法尽管克隆人类胚胎在很多国家还不合法, ,但一些科学家正在加紧研究但一些科学家正在加紧研究, ,以制以制 造出克隆的人类婴儿。造出克隆的人类婴儿。 句中的句中的whilewhile引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句, ,常放在句首常放在句首, ,译作译作“尽管尽管, ,虽然虽然”, ,比比 although although或或thoug

53、hthough语气要轻。另外语气要轻。另外,as,as也可以引导让步状语从句也可以引导让步状语从句, ,但需要但需要 倒装。倒装。英文典例英文典例: :WhileWhile running regularly cant make you live forever,the review running regularly cant make you live forever,the review says it is more effective at lengthening life than walking,cycling says it is more effective at lengt

54、hening life than walking,cycling or swimming.or swimming.(2018(2018全国全国,语法填空语法填空) )尽管定期跑步不能让你长生不死尽管定期跑步不能让你长生不死, ,但评论说跑步比散步、骑车或游泳更能有但评论说跑步比散步、骑车或游泳更能有效地延年益寿。效地延年益寿。词语辨析词语辨析: :whilewhile引导让步状语从句时多位于句首引导让步状语从句时多位于句首althoughalthough/ /thoughthough二者可互换二者可互换, ,且都可以与且都可以与yet,stillyet,still或或neverthelessn

55、evertheless连用连用, ,但但不与不与butbut连用。连用。thoughthough引导让步状语从句可用倒装结构引导让步状语从句可用倒装结构, ,而而althoughalthough不可以。不可以。asas引导让步状语从句时通常用倒装语序引导让步状语从句时通常用倒装语序, ,即把表语、状语或动即把表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语为名词词原形置于句首。若表语为名词, ,则名词前不加冠词。则名词前不加冠词。While While she is a likeable girl she can be extremely difficult to she is a likeable girl she can be extremely difficult to work with.work with.她虽然是一个可爱的姑娘她虽然是一个可爱的姑娘, ,但很难与她共事。但很难与她共事。Though Though she gave no sign,I was sure she had seen me.