届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意类解题技巧及典例剖析

1、word2022届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解 主旨大意类 解题技巧及典例剖析【考点清单】1、 主旨大意类题目常见的设问方式1.The main idea/key point of this passage is that_.2.The passage is mainly about _3.The best title/headline for this passageis_4.The topic/subject discussed in this passage is_.5.From the passage we can conclude thatis_6.The last paragraph

2、is chiefly concerned with _7.Which of the following statements best expresses th main idea of the passage8.Which of the following best states the theme of the passag【解题流程】叮嘱考生：永远把主旨大意题放在最后做。因为考生需要读完全文才能把握文章主题，所以在解答此类题目时考生不要急于去找答案，不管它出现在什么位置都把它作为最后一道题来做。在做完另外几道题目后，无疑会有助于考生加深对整篇文章的理解。第一步 确定文章的主题词通过文章阅

3、读和其他题目的解答，确定文章的主题词文章通常围绕主题词展开，主旨题的正确答案当然要包括文章主题词或主题词的同义改写词。第二步 确定文章的主题句主题句常处的四种位置：1.首段或首句开门见山指出中心或讨论的问题。2.文章中间或段落中间给出中心。3.文章末段或段落末句对全文进行总结归纳。4.文章或段落中不明确给出中心，考生要根据各段中心或各句的内容进行总结，自己推出主旨。主题句通常具有下面一些特征：1.举例子的句子不是主题句，前后句可能是主题句。2.问句不是主题句，答复句可能是主题句。3.首段转折处常为文章的主题句。4.主题句常包含文章的主题词。5.主题句常包含主次之分的表达A rather tha

4、n B等。6.主题句常包含时间提示词recently, today等。7.定义型的句子be called as, be known as ,is, are等。8.强调型的句子stress, focus等。9.总结型的句子research indicates, study suggests等。第三步 总结文章的主旨根据文章的主题词和主题句，概括文章主旨，并与选项进行比对确定正确答案。如果文章全文都没有明确的主题句，那么主题思想要通过各段的主要内容进行归纳。这时考生要着重阅读各段的首尾句进行总结归纳。中心句法：根据文章中心句，提炼主题词充当文章标题1. 归纳文章标题1=1:当文章的写作对象特点较多

5、时，常用写作对象的名称充当文章的题目方法1+1=1:将文章的写作对象和其主要特点、意义或影响整合充当最正确文章的题目最正确标题概括性：抽象、准确、简短，常用一个短语或一句话特点针对性：标题外延恰当、与文章内容相符，防止以偏概全醒目性：新颖奇特，激发读者的阅读兴趣典例2022·全国，C)Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car wi

6、thin the next year. The vehicle-named the Transitionhas two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition,which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon ta

7、nk of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a $ 10,000 de-posit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this w

8、eek at the New York Auto Show. But don't expect it to show up in too many driveways. It's expected to cost$ 279,000. And it won't help if you're stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airlin

9、e industry expert.But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already per-mitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets fede

10、ral safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration's decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and com

11、plete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition , a requirement pilots would find relatively eas-y to meet.时Q:What is the best title for the textA . Flying Car at Auto Show .B. The Transition's First FlightC. Pilots'Dream Coming True.D. Flying Car Closer to Reality解题思路第一步 速读全文

12、，找出中心句Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year.第二步 比照选项，确定答案关键词复现：flying car; closer to its goal答案：D本文是一那么新闻报道，介绍了一种新型的飞行汽车。新闻报道的主题句通常是第一句话，本文的第一句中提到了flying car 和 closer

13、to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year,由此可知，飞行汽车快要变成现实了，应选D项。干扰项分析A项以偏概全，该项虽然有flying car,但出现在汽车展览会上是以后的事，并不是文章重点；B项以偏概全，这款飞行汽车在上个月的飞行只是在第一段提到，并不能概括全文；C项张冠李戴，最后一段虽然提到了飞行员，但开飞行汽车不是他们的梦想。2. 概括文章/段落大意段首常见位置借助段落主题句归纳段末首段新闻报道、议论文、说明文常见位置借助文章主题段归纳主旨大意末段记叙文、议论文借助主题词归纳抓住文中出现频率较高的主题词，然后对其进

14、行概括和归纳，确定文章的主旨大意典例1(2022·浙江，C片段Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scien-tists seem to be so much alike Psychologists have suggested that science

15、 as an effort -the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world-is simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution(进化 provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and a-dult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as

16、 children. The same cognitive(认知的 systems that make young childrer feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, "It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children . "Q:What is the main idea

17、of the last paragraphA. The world may be more clearly explained through children's play.C. Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.D. One's drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows .解题思路第一步读本段文字，试找出本段的主题句，并标出能总结段落大意的关键词Viewing childhood dev

18、elopment as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.第二步根据该题选项的特点以及找到的主题句补全选项BStudying babies' play may lead to a better understanding of science典例2(2022·全国，C片段Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flyin

19、g car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle-named the Transition-has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition,which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in th