[美国大学教材] 儿童发展 第五版(上) Child Development 5e

1、 307673_FMqxd pp3 3303 835 AM Page i F I F T H E D I T I O N Child Development A T H E M AT I C A P P ROAC H Danuta Bukatko College of the Holy Cross Marvin W Daehler University of Massachusetts Amherst Houghton Mifflin Company Boston New York 307673_FMqxd pp3 3303 835 AM Page ii To Don and Nicholas

2、 D B To June and to Curtis and Angela Joshua and Renée M W D Editor-in-Chief Charles Hartford Senior Sponsoring Editor Kerry Baruth Development Editor Rita Lombard Editorial Assistant Caryn Yilmaz Senior Project Editor Aileen Mason Editorial Assistant Liliana Ritter ProductionDesign Coordinator

3、 Jodi ORourke Senior Manufacturing Manager Jane Spelman Senior Marketing Manager Katherine Greig Marketing Assistant Anne Tousey Copyright 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company All rights reserved No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical i

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6、llege Permissions Houghton Mifflin Company 222 Berkeley Street Boston MA 02116-3764 Printed in the USA Library of Congress Control Number 2002116641 ISBN 0-618-33338-X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9-VHP-07 06 05 04 03 307673_FMqxd pp3 3303 835AM Page iii Brief Contents Preface xiii 1 Themes and Theories 1 2 Stud

7、ying Child Development 38 3 Genetics and Heredity 63 4 The Prenatal Period and Birth 104 5 Brain Motor Skill and Physical Development 147 6 Basic Learning and Perception 189 7 Language 228 8 Cognition Piaget and Vygotsky 270 9 Cognition Information Processing 310 10 Intelligence 346 11 Emotion 379 1

8、2 Self and Values 420 13 Gender 464 14 The Family 496 15 Peers 533 16 Beyond Family and Peers 567 Glossary G1 References R1 Credits C1 Name Index NI1 Subject Index SI1 iii 307673_FMqxd pp3 3303 835 AM Page iv 307673_FMqxd pp3 3303 835 AM Page v Contents Preface xiii Contextual Approaches 28 Ecologic

9、al Systems Theory 29 Vygotskys Sociohistorical Theory 30 1 Themes and Theories 1 Dynamic Systems Theory 32 Ethological Theory 32 What Is Development 3 Contextual Approaches and Themes in Development 33 Six Major Themes in Developmental Psychology 5 What Develops 34 What Roles Do Nature and Nurture P

10、lay in Chapter Recap 36 Development 5 Summary of Topics 36 How Does the Sociocultural Context Influence Development 6 How Does the Child Play an Active Role in 2 Studying Child Development 38 Development 7 Is Development Continuous or Discontinuous 7 Research Methods in Developmental How Prominent A

11、re Individual Differences in Psychology 39 Development 9 Measuring Attributes and Behaviors 40 How Do the Various Domains of Development Methods of Collecting Data 40 Interact 9 Research Designs 46 The Study of the Child Strategies for Assessing Developmental Change 52 Historical Perspectives 10 Cro

12、ss-Cultural Studies of Development 56 The Concept of Childhood 10 Ethical Issues in Developmental The Origins of Developmental Psychology 13 Research 58 The Continued Growth of Developmental Psychology CONTROVERSYTHINKING IT OVER in the Twentieth Century 16 Should Researchers Reveal Information They

13、 Learning Theory Approaches 17 Learn About Participants in Their Studies 60 Behavior Analysis 18 Chapter Recap 61 Social Learning Theory 19 Summary of Topics 61 Learning Theory and Themes in Development 20 Cognitive-Developmental Approaches 21 3 Genetics and Heredity 63 Piagets Theory 21 Piagets The

14、ory and Themes in Development 23 Principles of Hereditary Transmission 65 Information-Processing Approaches 24 The Building Blocks of Heredity 66 Information-Processing Approaches and Themes in Cell Division and Chromosome Duplication 66 Development 25 Gene Expression 70 Eriksons Psychosocial Approa

15、ch 26 Gene Functioning and Regulation of Development 71 Psychosocial Theory 26 Gene and Chromosomal Abnormalities 74 Psychosocial Theory and Themes in Gene Variations 74 Development 27 Chromosome Variations 80 v 307673_FMqxd pp3 3303 835 AM Page vi vi Contents Genetic Counseling 85 Newborn Assessmen

16、t and States 142 Prenatal Diagnosis 85 Assessing Newborns 142 Ethical and Social Issues 87 Newborn States 143 CONTROVERSYTHINKING IT OVER Chapter Recap 144 Should Sex Preselection Be Permitted 88 Summary of Developmental Themes 144 Developmental and Behavioral Genetics 90 Summary of Topics 145 The M

17、ethods of Behavioral Geneticists 90 Conceptualizing the Interaction Between Genotype and Environment 92 5 Brain Motor Skill and Conceptualizing the Correlation Between Genotype Physical Development 147 and Environment 93 Hereditary and Environmental Influences on The Brain and Nervous System 149 Beh

18、avior 95 The Developing Brain 150 RESEARCH APPLIED TO PARENTING Plasticity in Brain Development 153 Treating Siblings Fairly 98 Brain Lateralization 154 Chapter Recap 101 Motor Skill Development 155 Summary of Developmental Themes 101 The First Actions Reflexes 155 Summary of Topics 102 RESEARCH APP

19、LIED TO PARENTING Reducing Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 157 The Prenatal Period Motor Milestones 160 4 and Birth 104 Motor Skills in the Preschool and Later-Childhood Years 162 Determinants of Motor Development 164 The Stages of Prenatal Development 106 Cross-Cultural Differences 165 Fertilization 1

20、06 Body Growth and Development 166 The Germinal Period 107 Norms of Growth 167 The Embryonic Period 108 Patterns in Body Growth 168 The Fetal Period 112 Determinants of Body Growth and Development 170 Assisted Reproduction 113 The Social-Emotional Consequences of Body Environmental Factors Influenci

21、ng Prenatal Growth 174 Development 115 ATYPICAL DEVELOPMENT Support Within the Womb 115 Dieting and Eating Disorders 177 Principles of Teratology 116 Drugs as Teratogens 118 Physical Maturity 179 Defining Maturity 179 CONTROVERSYTHINKING IT OVER Early Versus Late Maturity 181 Should a Drug-Abusing E

22、xpectant Woman Be Sexual Behavior 183 Charged with Child Abuse 123 CONTROVERSYTHINKING IT OVER Diseases as Teratogens 125 What Should Sex Education Programs Environmental Hazards as Teratogens 128 Emphasize 184 Womens Conditions and Prenatal Development 128 Chapter Recap 186 A Final Note on Environm

23、ent and Prenatal Summary of Developmental Themes 186 Development 131 Summary of Topics 187 Birth and the Perinatal Environment 132 Preparing for Childbirth 132 6 Basic Learning RESEARCH APPLIED TO PARENTING and Perception 189 Nurturing and Caring During Labor 133 Basic Learning Processes in Infancy and Labor and Delivery 134 Childhood 191 Low Birth Weight 138 Habituation 191 307673_FMqxd pp3 3303 835 AM Page vii Contents vii Classical Conditioning 191 Language and Cognition 262 Operant Conditioning 192 CONT