[英语考试]课件 商务合同翻译

1、Uint商务合同翻译WARMING UPThis moment will nap, you will have a dream; But this moment study,you will interpret a dream.1现在睡觉的话会做梦而现在学习的话会让梦实现 I leave uncultivated today, was precisely yesterday perishes tomorrow which person of the body implored. uncultivated ,n'kltiveitid adj. 未经耕作的；无教养的；不文明的perish

2、'peri vt. 使麻木；毁坏vi. 死亡；消灭；腐烂；枯萎2我无所事事地度过的今天是昨天死去的人们所奢望的明天 Thought is already is late, exactly is the earliest time. 3感到晚了的时候其实是最早的时候 Not matter of the today will drag tomorrow. 4不要把今天的事拖到明天 Time the study pain is temporary, has not learned the pain is life-long. 5学习的痛苦是一时的而没有学习的痛苦是一辈子的 temporary

3、 'temprri adj. 暂时的，临时的n. 临时工，临时雇员The study certainly is not the life complete. But, since continually life part of-studies also is unable to conquer, what butalso can make? complete km'pli:t adj. 完全的；完整的；彻底的vt. 完成butalso： 并且continually kn'tinjuli adv. 频繁地；不断地6学习不是人生的全部，但连学习都征服不了，你还能做什么？

4、Studies this matter, lacks the time, but is lacks diligently. diligently 'dilidntli adv. 勤奋地；勤勉地7学习不是因为缺少时间而是缺少努力 Nobody can casually succeed, it comes from the thoroughself-control and the will. casually 'kæjuli adv. 随便地；偶然地；临时地8所有人的成功都不是偶然的 Please enjoy the pain which is unable to avo

5、id. 9.无法防止的痛苦就去享受吧！ Only has compared to the others early, diligently diligently, canfeel the successful taste. diligently 'dilidntli adv. 勤奋地；勤勉地10早起的鸟儿有虫吃 Nobody can casually succeed 11成功并不属于每个人 How time flies 12.时间在流逝 Now drips the saliva, will become tomorrow the tearsaliva s'laiv n. 唾液；

6、涎13.今天流下的口水将变成明天流下的泪水 一、商务合同根底知识?中华人民共和国合同法?第二条规定：“合同是平等主体的自然人、法人、其他组织之间设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系的协议。商务合同是指有关各方之间在进行某种商务合作时，为了确定各自的权利和义务，而正式依法订立的、并且经过公证的、必须共同遵守的协议条文。商务合同种类繁多，常见的有购销合同、借贷合同、租赁合同、协作合同、加工合同、基建合同、保险合同、货运合同、责任合同等等。涉外商务合同是指具有涉外因素的商务合同。涉外因素包括：合同主体的一方或双方是外国自然人或法人，或无国籍人；合同标的是位于外国的物、财产或需要在外国完成的行为；合同权利

7、义务内容据以产生的法律事实发生在外国。涉外商务合同通常分为以下几类：涉外货物买卖合同、涉外运输合同、涉外保险合同、中外合资经营企业合同、中外合作经营企业合同、中外合作勘探开发自然资源合同、来料加工合同、来件装配合同、补偿贸易合同、涉外租赁合同、涉外技术转让合同、涉外科研合同、工程承包合同、涉外劳务合同、涉外信贷合同等。涉外商务合同按繁简不同，可以采取不同的书面形式，如正式合同Contract、协议书Agreement、确认书Confirmation、备忘录Memorandum、订单Order等等。一份正式的合同通常由以下几个局部组成：memorandum ,mem'rændm

8、 n. 备忘录；便笺二、商务合同结构商务合同一般包括4个局部：合同名称、前文、正文和结尾条款。一、合同名称Title二、前文Preamblepri:'æmbl, 'pri:æ- 一般包括订约日期和地点 Date and Place of Signing，合同当事人及其国籍、主要营业场所或住所Signing Parties and Their Nationalities, Principal Place of Business or Residence Addresses，当事人合法依据 Each Partys Authority，如该公司是 “按当地法律正式

9、组织而存在的/ A Corporation Duly Organized and Existing Under the Laws of XXX，订约缘由/说明条款Recitals or Whereas Clause。三、本文Body 一般包括定义条款、根本条款和一般条款。定义条款Definition Clause：对合同中重复出现的关键名词术语进行明确定义，给出明确解释。 根本条款Basic Conditions：1. 当事人的名称或者姓名和住所。2. 标的。标的biodì是指合同的客体，即当事人权利义务共同指向的对象。合同标的可以是货物，也可以是劳务，还可以是技术成果或工程工程等，

10、但法律禁止的行为与禁止转让的物不得作为合同标的。3. 数量与质量。4. 价款或酬金。5. 履行的期限、地点和方式。履行期限，是指享有权利的一方要求对方履行义务的时间范围；履行地点，是指合同当事人履行和接受履行合同义务的地方；履行方式，是指当事人履行义务所采用的方法。6. 违约责任。违约责任是指合同当事人因违反合同义务所应承当的法律责任。设定违约责任条款，有助于催促当事人自觉履行合同义务，但违约条款的有无，一般并不影响合同的有效成立。7. 解决争议的方法。当事人可在合同中约定发生争议时所采用的解决方法，如仲裁、诉讼等。此外，当事人认为必须在合同中明确的其他内容，也是合同的根本条款。一般条款Gen

11、eral Terms and Conditions：1. 合同有效期Duration。 2. 合同的终止Termination。3. 不可抗力Force Majeure。majeure mæ': n. 无可抗拒的力量；压倒的力量4. 合同的让与Assignment。5. 仲裁Arbitration。6. 适用的法律Governing Law。7. 诉讼管辖Jurisdiction。jurisdiction ,duris'dikn n. 司法权，审判权，管辖权；权限，权力8. 通知手续Notice。9. 合同修改Amendment。10. 其他Others。在某些特定性

12、质的合约中还有“特殊条款 四、结尾条款Witness Clause 一般包括份数、使用的文字和效力Concluding Sentence、签名Signature。 随着世界经济和国际贸易的不断开展，我国经济与世界经济的接轨程度不断提高。涉外商务合同的应用越来越广泛，商务英语合同的翻译也正发挥着越来越重要的桥梁作用。二、涉外商务合同的结构及篇章特点 前面我们讲过，国际商务合同范围广泛、种类繁多，标的各异，但就其结构而言，一般由三个局部组成：前言、正文、结尾。我们再来回忆一下：首先，合同的前言Preamble of a contract国际商务合同的前言局部，主要包括两个方面的内容：其一，主要载明

13、合同当事人的名称或者姓名、国际、主营业务或者住所The corporate or personal names of the parties to the contract and their nationalities, principal places of business or residential address;其二，合同签订的日期、地点(the dare and place of signing of the contract)。以上两项内容主要解决以下法律问题：订约人是否具有合法主体资格，合同及合同争议应适用的法律；合同履行地点；合同生效、终止、履行日期及争议时的司法管辖权等

14、等。例1 本合同由中国ABC公司， 总公司设于中国上海以下简称卖方与美国XYZ公司， 总公司设于美国纽约州纽约市以下简称买方于1998年3月29日订立于中国上海，双方同意按下述条件买卖以下货物：This contract is made this 29th day of March, 1998 in shanghai, China by and between ABC Corporation. China (hereinafter referred to as “Seller), a Corporation having their principal office in Shanghai,

15、China who agree to sell, and XYZ Corporation (hereinafter referred to as “Buyer), a Corporation having their principal office in New York, N.Y.,USA, who agrees to buy the following goods on the terms and conditions as below:例2 合同号码：经合字第0081号签约日期：1998年3月29日签约地点：中国上海卖方：中国ABC公司地址：中国上海 街 号公司属国：中华人民共和国电传

16、： ： ：电子信箱：买方：美国XYZ公司地址：美国纽约州纽约市 街 号 公司属国：美利坚合众国电传： ： ：电子信箱：Contract Number: JH ZI, No. 0081Date of Execution of Contract: March, 29, 1998Place of Execution of Contract: Shanghai, China.Seller: ABC Corporation, China.Address: No. , St., Shanghai, China.Country of Corporation: Peoples Republic of Chin

17、a.Telex:Fax:Postcode:E-mail:Buyer: XYZ Corporation, USAAddress: No. , ST., New York, N.Y. USACountry of Corporation: United States of AmericaTelex:Fax: Postcode:E-mail:其次，合同的正文Main Body of a Contract国际商务合同的正文局部是合同的实质性的条款，通常由以下内容组成：1合同的类型和合同的种类、范围The type of contract and the categories and scope of t

18、he object of the contractcategory 'kætiri n. 种类，分类；范畴翻译这局部内容，应该注意以下问题：第一，合同的类型是指合同属于国际货物销售合同contract for international sale of goods、专有技术许可证合同license/know-how contract、成套设备技术引进合同contract for introduction of complete plant and technology还是其他合同other contracts;第二，合同标的是指合同当事人各方权利、义务所指向的对象，没有标的或

19、标的不明确的合同是无法履行的。2合同标的技术条件、质量、标准、规格、数量(The technical conditions, quality, standards, specifications and quantities of the object of the contract)合同标的质量和数量，是确定合同标的最重要的条件。涉外商务合同要有明确、具体的数量和质量要求。3合同履行的期限、地点和方式Time limit, place and method of performance履行期限主要指履行合同义务的时间界线，这是确定合同是否按时履行或迟延履行的标准。履行地点是指约定履行义务的地

20、方。国际商务合同的履行地点往往涉及到不同的国家或地区，直接关系到当事人个方面所应承当的风险责任和费用。4合同价格条件、支付金额、支付方式和各种附加的费用The price terms, amount to be paid, ways of payment, and various types of additional charges这项内容实质上是由两局部组成，即：价格条款和支付条款。价格条款terms of payment往往涉及许多复杂的内容。有时，它不仅是个价格问题，而且涉及合同各方面承当的责任、分险和费用等问题。如国际货物销售合同中常用的两个价格术语：FOB船上交货free on b

21、oard or FREE ON BOARD和CIF(保险运费在内价或者本钱，运费加保险费cost, insurance, freightfreight freit vt. 运送；装货；使充满n. 运费；货运；船货 or COST, INSURANCE, FREIGHT)，当事人选择不同的价格术语，其承当的责任是截然不同的。因此，价格条款往往是双方当事人商谈的重点。支付条款也是涉外合同的中较敏感的条款，它不仅涉及到不同国家的货币、外汇制度，还涉及到结算方式等一系列复杂的问题。5合同能否转让和合同转让条件Whether or not the contract may be assignedassi

22、gn 'sain vt. 分配；指派；赋值vi. 将财产过户尤指过户给债权人 or the conditions for assignment合同转让实质上是一种特殊的合同变更，即合同条款一方将合同中的权利或义务的全部或局部转让给合同另一方或合同以外第三方，是主体的变更。 (6)违反合同的赔偿和其他责任(The compensation and other liabilities for breachbreach bri:t n. 违背，违反；缺口vt. 打破；违反，破坏 of contract)违反涉外合同的责任是指涉外合同的当事人不履行合同、不完全履行合同、不符合双方在合同中约定的

23、条件时，依有关法律的规定或合同的约定应承当的经济责任，对于保证合同的履行，促使合同当事人全面履行合同中约定的义务有着重要的意义。至于当事人，假设一方违反涉外合同应承当的责任和承当责任的方式，当事人可以在合同中约定违约金penalty，也可以约定赔偿损失compensation for losses，也可以约定支付利息payment of interest、中止履行合同suspension of the contract performance或解除合同cancellation of the contract。(7)合同发生争议时的解决方法(methods for resolving dispu

24、tes arising under the contract)?中华人民共和国合同法?第128条规定：“当事人可以通过和解或者调节解决合同争议。 涉外合同的当事人可以根据仲裁机构或者其他仲裁机构申请仲裁。当事人没有订立仲裁协议或者仲裁协议无效的，可以向人民法院起诉。The parties may settle their contract disputes through conciliationconciliation kn,sili'ein n. 安抚；调解；说服 or mediationmediation ,mi:di'ein n. 调解；仲裁；调停.The partie

25、s to a contract involving foreign interests may, in accordance with an arbitration,:bi'trein n. 公断，仲裁 agreement, apply to Chinese arbitration organization or other arbitration organizations for arbitration. If the parties have not concluded an arbitration agreement or if the arbitration agreemen

26、t is invalid'invli:d, -lid, ,inv'li:d, 'in- adj. 无效的；有病的；残废的, they may file a suit with a peoples court根据以上规定，涉外合同发生争议时，其解决的方法有四种，即：和解conciliation、调解mediation、仲裁arbitration和诉讼lawsuit。(8)明确风险责任，约定保险范围(The limits of the risks to be borne b:n v. 忍受；负荷；结果实by the parties in performing the obj

27、ect and the coverage of insurance of the object)国际商务合同的履行，大多数时限长，路途远，可能受到多种因素的干扰，产生各种不测的事件，如洪水、水灾、盗窃、海难、经营不善等。这类风险一旦发生，可能造成损失，从而产生承当风险损失的责任问题。因此，明确风险责任，防止引起不必要的争议，对于国际商务合同的各方面都是十分重要的。风险往往和保险是联系在一起的，为了使风险造成的损失及时得到经济上的补偿，就需要办理保险，办理保险的实质是一旦发生风险责任，当事人可以将其转移给保险公司。9合同的有效期限，以及可以延长合同期限和提前终止合同的条件A period of

28、validityv'lidti n. 有效性；正确性；正确 for the contract and conditions for contractual extension and contractual termination,t:mi'nein n. 结束，终止 before its expiration对于需要较长期间连续履行的合同a contract which needs to be performed continuously over a long period，当事人可以约定合同的有效期限，并可以约定有效期限届满时，延长合同的期限的条件或提前终止合同有效的条件

29、。需要较长期间连续履行的合同，主要指合资经营企业合同contracts for sino-foreign joint ventures、合作经营企业合同contract for sino-foreign contractual joint ventures、contractual kn'træktul adj. 契约的，合同的成套设备技术引进合同contracts for introduction of complete plant and technology、国际承包工程合同contracts for works of civil'sivl adj. 公民的；民间

30、的；文职的；有礼貌的；根据民法的 engineering construction等。例31） 货物名称1. Name of Commodity;2） 规格、数量和价格2. Specifications, Quantity and Unit Price;3） 总金额按美圆计3. Total Value (USD);4） 生产国和制造商4. Country of Origin and Manufactures;5） 包装：包装必须适于海上运输、巩固、耐野蛮装运。紧压打包、外加紧箍gu，内层防水，外层为优质帆布。箱子或其他外包装体积要尽量小，并能确保货物平安。每件包装的两侧和一端须完整刷上标志和装

31、运号码，采用优质印色，字大而清晰。每包均须标明“请勿用钩。5. Packing;Packing must be suitable for ocean shipment and sufficiently strong to withstand(wið'stænd, wi- vt. 抵挡；对抗；禁得起vi. 对抗)rough handing. Bales(beil vt. 将某物打成包或包装成捆n. 货物；大包，大捆) must be press packed and hoped, with adequate('ædikwit adj. 适当的；胜任的

32、；充足的) inside waterproof protection and the outer wrapping must comprise(km'praiz vt. 包含；由组成) good quality canvas('kænvs n. 帆布). Cases or other outside containers must be externally of the smallest cubic('kju:bik adj. 立方体的，立方的) dimension (di'menn, dai- n. 维；尺寸；次元；容积)consistent wi

33、th adequate protection of the goods.Package must bear full marks and shipping numbers stenciled('stensl n. 模版，蜡纸vt. 用蜡纸印刷；用模板印刷) in good quality stencil ink in large plain characters on two sides and one end of each package. All bales must be marked “use no hooks. 6） 装运唛头XYZ0081NEW YORKNo. I100N

34、otes: (XYZ收货人名称代码，0081合同号，NEW YORK目的港，No. I100包装编号6. Shipping Mark:XYZ0081New YorkNo. 11007） 装运期：2003年3月下旬装运。但要以卖方2000年1月下旬以前收到可接受信用证为条件，不允许分批装运。7. Time of shipment:Shipment within the last ten-day period of March, 2000, subject to acceptable Letter of Credit reaches sellers before the last ten-day

35、period of January, 2000, and partial shipment is not allowed.8） 装运港；8. Port of Shipment;9） 目的港；9. Port of Destination;10付条款；凭一流银行开出的不可撤消的即期信用证付款，信用证以卖方为受益人，并按照货物金额100%开据。10. Payment:By a primepraim adj. 根本的；最好的；主要的adv. 极好地 bankers Irrevocable Sight Letter of Credit in Sellers favor, for 100% value o

36、f goods.11) 保险：按发票金额100%投保水渍zì险和偷盗及提货不着险和战争险，假设发生索赔，那么在纽约以美圆支付。11. Insurance:Insurance to cover W.A. .( abbr. 单独海损赔偿with average) plus T. P. N. D. T.P.N.D. theft, pilferage and non-delivery： 偷窃，提货不着；偷窃,提货不着and War Risk for 110% of CIFabbr. 到岸价Cost Insurance and Freight value and to provide for

37、claims if any, payable in new York in U. s. Currency.战争险保费按0.1%计算，假设成交后，保费超过0.1%，其超额局部由买方负担；假设战争险无人承保，卖方可不保此险。War Risk premium'pri:mim n. 奖金；保险费，额外费用 is calculated at 0.1%, if it is higher than 0.1% after the conclusion of the contract, the excess premium shall be for the Buyers account and if W

38、ar Risk insurance is not obtainable, the Seller may be exemptedgz，:t a. 免于的；没有的m. 免于者 from providing such insurance.因此，信用证必须规定：“假设战争险保费超过0.1%，受益人有权收取超过信用证金额局部的保险费，或不投保此险。Therefore, the Letter of Credit must include the following clause: “if War Risk premium is higher than 0.1%, beneficiary is author

39、ized to draw the difference in excess of the letter of Credit amount, or to exempt from providing such insurance.12单据：卖方应准备以下单据提交买方：1商业发票 份；2全套清洁已装船提单，提货人为 ；3保险单；4质量检验证；5原产地证；6装箱单；7装船通知；8以下其他单据： 。12. Documents:The following documents shall be prepared by the Seller and submitted to the Buyer:(1)Comm

40、ercial Invoice in Copy (ies);(2) Full set of clean on board ocean bills of Lading made out to ;(3) Insurance Policy; (4) Quality Inspection Certificate;(5)Certificate of Origin;(6)Packing List;(7)Notice of Shipment;(8) The following other Documents: 13过期利息：如买方未能按期支付到期款项，买方应付卖方从到期日算至实际支付时间，年利率为 %的过期利

41、息。一经卖方提出，买方应支付该过期利息。13. Overdue Interest:If the Buyer fails to pay any amount when due, the Buyer shall be liable to pay to the Seller overdue interest or such unpaid amount from the due date until the actual date of payment at the rate of percent per annum. Such overdue interest shall be paid upon

42、demand of the Seller.14检验：1卖方应在装运前向检验机构申请货物质量、规格、数量、重量、包装及平安和卫生/保健方面要求的检验，该检验将根据 标准。上述检验机构出具的检验证书将是议付时提交的必备单据之一。检验机构为： 。14. Inspection: (1) The Seller shall, before the time of shipment, apply to inspection organization for inspection of the quality, specification, quantity, weight, packing and requ

43、irements for safety and sanitation/hygiene of the Goods in accordance with standards.The inspection certificate issued by the said inspection organization shall be integral part of the documents to be presented for payment.2为了确保货物要求和其他要求，买方有权利在货到最终目的地后向检验机构申请货物的复检验。复检验机构为： (2) For the purpose of war

44、ranty and other claims, the Buyer shall have the right to apply to the inspection organization for the re-inspection of the Goods after the arrival of the Goods at the final destination.Re-Inspection Organization:15违约金：1未按期交货如果卖方由于自身原因未能按合同规定按期交付全部货物，卖方应向买方支付违约金。违约金将在迟延交货后每 天按所迟交货总价的 %收取，但违约金不能超过迟交货

45、物总价的 %。为了便于计算违约金，缺乏 天的小数按 天计算。15. Penalty:(1) Failure to Make Timely Delivery.In the event the Seller for its own for its own sake fails to make delivery of all the goods on time as stipulated in this contract, the Seller shal pay a penalty to the Buyer. The penalty shall be changed at the rate of %

46、 of the amount of the delayed goods for every days of delay in delivering the goods, however, the penalty shall not exceed % of the total value of goods involved in the late delivery. Any fractional days less than days shall be deemed to be days for calculation of penalty.2未按期开立信用证如果买方由于自身原因未能按合同规定及

47、时开立信用证，买方应支付卖方违约金。违约金将在迟延开立信用证 天按信用在金额的 %收取，但违约金不能超过买方应开立信用证总金额的 %。为了便于计算违约金，缺乏 天的小数按 天计算。(2) Failure to Timely Open the Letter of Credit In the event that the Buyer for its own sake fails to open the Letter of Credit on time as stipulated in this contract, the Buyer shall pay penalty to the Seller.

48、 The penalty shall be changed at the rate of % of the amount of the Letter of Credit for every days of delay in opening the Letter of Credit, however, the penalty shall not exceed % of the total value involved in the Letter of Credit of amount. Any fractional days less than day shall be deemed to be

49、 days for the calculation of penalty.3上述迟延所引起的损失的赔偿将仅限于第15条第1款和第15条第2款中所示的违约金。(3) The penalty provided for in clause 15.1 and/or 15.2 shall be the sole compensation for damages caused by such delay.16 不可抗力：任何一方如果由于洪水、火灾、地震、雪暴、雹暴、龙卷风、战争、政策禁令或其他在合同执行时无法预见并不能控制、不可防止或无法克服的事件致使不能或迟延履行合同的全部或一局部时，该方不承当责任，但

50、是，受不可抗力影响的一方应立即通知另一方，并不晚于事件发生后15天向另一方航空邮寄有关当局或独立的中立第三方出具的发生此种事件的证明书或文件。16. Force Majeure:Neither party shall be held responsible for failure or delay to perform all or any part of this Contract due to flood, fire, earthquake, snowstorm, hailstorm, hurricane, war, government prohibition or any other

51、events that are unforeseeable at the time of the execution of this Contract and could not be controlled, avoided or overcome by such party. However, the party whose performance is affected by the event of Force Majeure shall give a notice to the other party of its occurrence as soon as possible and

52、a certificate or a document of the occurrence of the Force Majeure event issued by the relative authority or a neutral independent third party shall be sent to the other party by airmail not later than 15 days after its occurrence.17索赔：1除了第三方应负责的索赔，如发现货物的质量、规格、数量、重量、包装及涉及平安或卫生/保险等方面和合同的规定不一致，买方应对卖方发

53、出书面通知并有权根据第14条第2款中所述的有关检验当局出具的检验证书对卖方提出索赔。索赔应该在卸货港卸货完成后21 天内提出。如发生不一致，卖方应立即修理或更换这些货物或者补足数量。如果买方未在上述期限内提出索赔，那么买方将视为放弃对货物数量缺乏或明显的质量瑕疵索赔的权利。17. Claims:(1) Except those claims for which a third party is liable, should the quality, specifications, quantity, weight, packing and requirements for safety or

54、sanitation/hygiene of the goods be found not in conformity with the stipulations to this Contract, the buyer shall give a written notice to Seller and shall have the Inspection Certificate issued by the Inspection Organization provided in Clause 14.2 to this Contract within 21 days from the date of

55、completion of unloading of the goods at the port of unloading. In the event of nonconformity, the Seller shall promptly repair or replace such goods or supply the quantity that is deficient.In the event that Buyer does not make such claim within the above-mentioned time-limit, the Buyer shall forfei

56、t its right to make a claim with respect to the quantity deficiency or the apparent quality defect.2卖方应不晚于收到第14条第2款中所示的检验机构出具的检验证明后7日内答复买方的索赔，如果卖方未能在上述时限内答复，那么视为已接受索赔。(2) The Seller shall reply to the Buyers claim not later than 7 days after receipt of the inspection certificate issued by the inspection organization provide in Clause 14,2 to this Contract and the claims shall