oracle常用命令基础

1、Oracle常用命令Oracle数据类型:Create table test1(name char(10,sex char(1;Insert into test1 values(tomcatt北京,f;Create table test2(name nchar(10,sex nchar(1;Insert into test2 values(to mcatt北京,男;删除表 drop table 表名;Create table test3(name varchar2(10,sex varchar2(2;Insert into test3 values(tomcatt北京,f;/插入值过大Inse

2、rt into test3 values(tomcat北京,f;Create table test4(name varchar2(10,age number(3,salary number(8,2;Create table test5(name varchar2(10,birth date;Insert into test5 values(Tom,28-2月-08;Insert into test5 values(Allen,sysdate;DDL:创建表create table scott.test6(eid number(10,name varchar2(20,hiredate date

3、default sysdate,salary number(8,2 default 0插入数据时若没有指定hiredate,salary的话则会取默认值数据字典:Dba-所有方案包含的对象信息All-用户可以访问的对象信息User-用户方案的对象信息Select * from user_tables;Select * from all_tables;约束:域完整性约束:not null check实体完整性约束:unique primary key参照完整性约束:foreign key视图:Create or replace view v1(eid,name,salary as select

4、empno,ename,sal from emp where deptno = 30;序列:sequenceCreate sequence mysequence1 increment by 1 start with 1 nomaxvalue nocycle;Insert into test values(mysequence1.nextval,tom;Create sequence student_sequence start with 1 increment by 1;Insert into student values(student_sequence.nextval,john;表间数据拷

5、贝:Insert into dept1(id,name select deptno,dname from dept;实例(创建表 ID字段自增:-create table test2(id char(10 primary key not null, name char(10;-create sequence test2_sequence increment by 1 start with 1 nomaxvalue nocycle;-insert into test2 values(test2_sequence.nextval,'john'-insert into test2 v

6、alues(test2_sequence.nextval,'allen'-insert into test2 values(test2_sequence.nextval,'candy'-insert into test2 values(test2_sequence.nextval,'aaaa'-insert into test2 values(test2_sequence.nextval,'bbbbb'-insert into test2 values(test2_sequence.nextval,'cccccc'

7、-insert into test2 values(test2_sequence.nextval,'ddddd'-insert into test2 values(test2_sequence.nextval,'eeeee'-insert into test2 values(test2_sequence.nextval,'ggggg'-insert into test2 values(test2_sequence.nextval,'jowwwwhn'-insert into test2 values(test2_sequence.

8、nextval,'aaaadd'-insert into test2 values(test2_sequence.nextval,'ggghhh'-insert into test2 values(test2_sequence.nextval,'eeettt'-insert into test2 values(test2_sequence.nextval,'wwwttt'select * from test2;查看表结构EDITDATA 表名;修改表字段:Alter table 表名 modify(字段名类型约束;alter ta

9、ble test modify (addd varchar2(10 null;alter table 表名 add(字段名类型约束;alter table test add(age varchar2(5;%51.登陆系统用户sqlplus 然后输入系统用户名和密码登陆别的用户conn 用户名/密码;2.创建表空间create tablespace 空间名datafile 'c:空间名' size 15M -表空间的存放路径,初始值为15MautoExtend on next 10M -空间的自动增长的值是10Mpermanent online; -永久使用3.创建用户creat

10、e user shi -创建用户名为shiidentified by scj -创建密码为scjdefault tablespace 表空间名 -默认表空间名temporary tablespace temp -临时表空间为tempprofile default -受profile文件的限制quota unlimited on 表空间名; -在表空间下面建表不受限制4.创建角色create role 角色名 identified by 密码;5.给角色授权grant create session to 角色名;-给角色授予创建会话的权限grant 角色名 to 用户名; -把角色授予用户6.给

11、用户授予权限grant connect,resource to shi;-给shi用户授予所有权限Grant dba to shi;-给shi 用户授予DBA权限grant create table to shi; -给shi用户授予创建表的权限7.select table_name from user_tables; 察看当前用户下的所有表8.select tablespace_name from user_tablespaces; 察看当前用户下的表空间9.select username from dba_users;察看所有用户名称命令必须用sys as sysdba登陆10.创建表cr

12、eate table 表名(id int not null,name varchar2(20 not nulltablespace 表空间名 -所属的表空间storage(initial 64K -表的初始值minextents 1 -最小扩展值maxextents unlimited -最大扩展值;11.-为usrs表添加主键和索引alter table usersadd constraint pk primary key (ID;12.为已经创建users表添加外键alter table usersadd constraint fk_roleid foreign key (roleidre

13、ferences role(role_id on delete cascad; -下边写主表的列on delete cascad是创建级联13.把两个列连接起来select concat(name,id from 表名; -把name和id连接起来14.截取字符串select column(name,'李' from 表名; -把name中的李去掉15.运行事务之前必须写set serveroutput on; -打开输入输出(不写的话,打印不出信息16.while的应用declare -声明部分ccc number:=1; -复职a number:=0;begin -事务的开

14、始while ccc<=100 loop -循环if(ccc mod 3=0 then -条件dbms_output.put_line(ccc|',' -打印显示a:=a+ccc;end if; -结束ifccc:=ccc+1;end loop; -结束循环dbms_output.put_line(a;end; -结束事务/17.select into 的用法 -只能处理一行结果集declarename varchar(30;beginselect username into namefrom userswhere id=2;dbms_output.put_line(&#

15、39;姓名为:'|name;end;%18.利用%rowtype属性可以在运行时方便的声明记录变量和其他结构Set serveroutput on;Declareutype users%rowtype;BeginSelect * into utype from users where id=20;Dbms_output.put_line('姓名'| utype.username;Dbms_output.put_line('生日'| utype.brithday;end;/ -%rowtype想当于复制一个表19.游标的定义和使用DeclareCursor

16、 ucur is select * from users; -声明游标Us users%rowtype;-定义与游标想匹配的变量BeginOpen ucur;-打开游标Fetch ucur into us;While ucur %found loop -使用循环遍历游标的查询结果Dbms_output.put_line('姓名:'|us.username|'生日'|us.brithday;Fetch ucur into us;End loop;Close ucur; -关闭游标End;=%found在前一条的fetch语句至少对应数据库的一行时,%found属性

17、值为true,否则为false;% notfound 在前一条fetch语句没有对应的数据库行时,%notfound属性值为true,否则为false;%isopen 在游标打开时%isopen属性值为true;否则为false;%rowcount显示迄今为止从显示游标中取出的行数20.删除drop tablespace 空间名 including contents; -删除表空间和里面的内容drop table 表名 -删除表drop user 用户名 -删除用户查看有哪些表空间:Select tablespace_name from dba_tablespaces;查看某个表属于哪个表空间

18、:Select tablespace_name from tabs where table_name=表名;在指定的表空间创建表:create table(. tablespace users;查询前N条数据:select * from 表名 where rownum<=N;Oracle中创建一个数据库:打开Database Configuration Assistant,可以通过视图创建数据库。创建成功后,系统服务里面会多一个OracleServer 数据库名的服务项。查看所有表空间大小:select * from dba_free_space;问题:user lacks create session privilege logon deniedgrant create session to the_user;删除用户:Drop user 用户名 cascade;导入数据库对象:IMP