科技英语翻译

1、第六章 科技英语翻译English for Science and Technology(EST)第一部分Part OneProcedures of today: An overview of EST Characteristics of technical terms （科技英语词汇特点） Characteristic syntax of EST（科技英语句法特点） Principles of translating EST Assignments An overview of EST 科技英语是从事科学技术活动时所使用的英语，是英语的一种变体（科技文体）。 科技文体泛指一切论及或谈及科学和

2、技术的书面语或口语，具体包括： 科技散文：如科技论述、科技论文、实验报告及科技情报资料等 科技应用文：如科技使用手册等 科技口语：如涉及科技问题的会议、会谈及交流用语，科技影片和录像等有声资料的解说词等。 文体特征：文体质朴，行文规范，陈述客观，逻辑性和专业性强Characteristics of technical terms：科技英语的词汇特点（一）大量使用专业术语词性转换多（几乎每个技术性名词都可转换为同义的形容词）常用词汇专业化Eg. eye, ear, mouth, nose, hand, finger, foot, head, neck, body, hair, tooth 孔环，

3、吊钩，开度，喷嘴，手柄、指针，厚薄规，支座，冒口、刀架，座，机身，游丝，粗糙面同一词语词义多专业化Eg. phase 分段（土壤学），相（物理学），相位（电工学），位相（数学），型（动物学），周相（天文学），战斗阶段（军事学）广泛运用构词法创造新词 广泛运用构词法创造新词合成法词缀法混成法缩略法将两个或两个以上的词组合成一个新词在旧词前或后加上词缀构成新词取原有二词各一部份合成新词主要指将词语组合中主要词的首字母或其它部分组合成新词clipboard剪贴板pulse-scaler脉冲定标器stem cell干细胞semi- 半，部分semiconductorsemicircle micro-

4、微小，微观microcomputer micrometer 测微auto- 自己，自动autometer 汽车速度表camera + recorder camcorder 摄录机smoke + fog smog 烟雾medical + care medicare 医疗保健web + log blogADP= automatic data processing 自动数据处理IC= integrated circuit集成电路r. p. m= rotations per minute 转/分DINK= double income, no kidsUFO= unidentified flying o

5、bjectUseful Dictionaries: Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English word formation, word beginnings and word endings Longman Dictionary of English Roots 朗文常用英文词根词典 A Dictionary of English Word Roots 刘毅，英文字根字典，北京：外文出版社，2000. Characteristics of technical terms：科技英语的词汇特点（二）名词化（Nominalization）抽象名词、动名词

6、e.g. the discovery of electromagnetic wave= to discover electromagnetic wave电磁波的发现 the generation of electricity by friction= to generate electricity by friction 摩擦生电 名词连用（Expanded Noun Premodifiers “扩展的名词前置修饰语”） e.g. pressure difference 压强差 voice recognition equipment 声音识别设备 water pump valve 水泵阀名词为

7、中心的动词词组表达动词概念 e.g. make use of 利用 keep watch over 密切注视 give no evidence of 不足以说明 Characteristic syntax of EST(科技英语句法特点 ) 大量使用长句和逻辑关联词（原因：because of, due to, owing to, as, as a result of, caused by, 转折： however, but, yet, nevertheless, otherwise, 顺理连接：hence, consequently, accordingly, so, furthermore

8、, in addition to, 限制：only, if only, expect, besides, unless, 假设：suppose, assuming,），显得正式、严谨 大量使用名词化结构,缩短句子长度 广泛使用被动语态，强调事物本身，体现客观性 多用一般现在时和完成时，过去时可用来表达不同的时间顺序 大量使用非限定动词 广泛使用后置定语Principles of translating EST: 了解相关专业知识 准确理解词义 仔细分析长句 用词要得体 熟悉构词法 Some more examples: One of the most important things whic

9、h the economic theories can contribute to management science is building analytical models which help in recognizing the structure of managerial problems, eliminating the minor details which might obstruct decision making, and in concentrating on the main issues. 经济理论对于管理科学的最重要贡献之一，就是建立分析模型。这种模型有助于认

10、识管理问题的构成，排除可能妨碍决策的次要因素，从而有助于集中精力去解决主要的问题。 All substances will permit the passage of some electric current, provided the potential difference is high enough. 译1: 只要有足够的电位差，所有的物体都允许一些电流通过。 译2：只要有足够的电位差，电流便可通过任何物体。 Television is the transmission and reception of the images of moving objects by radio wa

11、ves. 译1：电视是通过无线电波的活动物体的图像的传播和接收。 译2：电视通过无线电波发射和接收各种活动物体的图像。 A one-celled animal or plant cannot, of course, survive the destruction of its one cell. 单细胞的动物或植物，在仅有的一个细胞被破坏后当然就不能生存。 You must pay attention to the working temperature of the electric machine. Attention must be paid to the working tempera

12、ture of the electric machine. The quartz crystal does not vibrate at certain frequency until the voltage is applied. 直到电压加上去以后，石英晶体才会以某一频率振荡。 Under certain conditions, heat energy may be changed into mechanical energy, and mechanical energy into heat energy. 在一定条件下，热能可以转换为机械能，机械能可以转化为热能。（形式主动句1） The

13、 use of solar energy should be paid attention to. 太阳能的利用问题应给于重视。（形式主动句2：“由”、“把”、“给”、“给予”、“加以”、“予以”等） Three-phase current should be used for large motors. 大型电动机应当使用三相交流电。(完全主动句1) Fuzzy control is found an effective way to control the systems without precise mathematic models. 人们发现，模糊控制是一种控制不具备精确数学模型系

14、统的有效方法。（完全主动句2） The test instrument is joined to the circuit with all the switches off so that no current should flow. 将测试仪器连接到电路上，并关断所有开关，使电路没有电流。（无主句） A motor which is too small would be subjected to frequent overload. 容量太小的电动机时常会发生超载的现象。（转换谓语） Produced by electrons are the x-rays, which allow the

15、 doctor to look aside a patients body. 电子产生的是X射线，医生用它作透视。 One major medical experiment was carried out in a cylindrical chamber like this. 一项主要的医学实验是在一个像这样的圆筒形空间内进行的。 The furnace is lighted by an electric spark. 这个炉子由电火花点燃。 The earth is hit from time to time by streams of electrically charged partic

16、les poured out by the sun. 地球不时为太阳发出的带电粒子流所袭击。 The integrated circuit is welcomed by most of users. 集成电路受到广大用户的欢迎。 When steam is condensed again to water, the same amount of heat is given out as was taken in when the steam was formed. 当蒸汽重新冷却为水时，所释放出的热量与其原来形成蒸汽时所吸收的热量相等。 When water is evaporated int

17、o steam, heat is taken in. when it is condensed again to water, the same amount of heat is given out. 当水蒸发为蒸汽时，吸收热量。当蒸汽重新冷却为水时，释放出相等的热量。 Numerical control machines are most useful when quantities of products to be produced are low or mediocre; the tape containing the information required to produce

18、the part can be stored, reused or modified when required. Today the electronic computer is widely used in solving mathematical problems having to do with weather forecasting and putting satellites into orbit. Non-mobile robots, capable of learning to perform an industrial task and then of being left to perform it tirelessly, are even now in use in industrial plants all over the world. Electric welding is used to repair iron and steel parts of machinery, and to make steel pipe and frameworks of all kinds. Without voltage sufficient to overcome the resistance,