8B知识点梳理

1、牛津初中英语8B unit1unit8 知识点归纳8B Unit1Comic strip Welcome to the unit1、 It was in the bowl an hour ago一个小时之前在碗里的 an hour ago 一小时前 in the bowl在碗里2. I've just eaten it.我刚才把它吃了。 (eat-ate-eaten) just adv. 意为“刚才” 常与完成时连用。 他们刚刚到达。 They have just arrived.注意：just now 意为“刚才”，相当于“a moment ago”通常与一般过去时连用。我刚才去了图

2、书馆。I went to the library just now. 3. You used to share food with me! 你过去常与我分享食物！You used to be so kind to me. 你过去对我那么好。l used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”，表示过去的习惯。本身已是过去时态，没有人称和数的变化，暗含现在已不再如此。 1) 他的父母过去住在乡下。 His parents used to live in the countryside.2) Tom 过去常常早起，不是吗？ Tom used to get up early, didn'

3、;t he?/ usedn't he?l be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 My father is used to reading newspapers after dinner.I am used to going to school by bus我习惯于坐公交车去学校。be used to do 被用来做 Stamps are used to post letters. Stamps are used for posting letters.l share sth. with sb.和.分享 4. be kind to sb. 对友好 5. go to sc

4、hool by bike = ride a bike to school 骑自行车去学校6. It took a long time to wait for the next one. 等下一辆公共汽车要花费很长时间。wait for the next one 等下一辆车 Reading7. interview n& vtinterview作名词，意为“采访，会见”，还可作动词，意为“采访，面试”；interviewer作名词，意为“采访者，面试官”。如：interview sb have an interview with sb.采访某人Sally became a member o

5、f the company after the job interview.萨莉在求职面试后成为了这家公司的一员。I interviewed Mr Zhang yesterday afternoonI had an interview with Mr Zhang yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我采访了张先生。8. know sunshine town very well 对阳光镇很了解 knowvery well 非常了解 9. since I was born自我出生以来 be born 出生 since 引导原因状语从句，不可与so连用。 10. move house 搬

6、家11. live in the northern part of town住在城镇的北部 south南方southern南部的 east东部eastern东部的 west western north northernto the north of 在北面（范围之外）  in the north of 在北部（范围之内）on the north of 在北边（接壤） Our school is to the north of the Times supermarket .我们学校在时代超市北面。Beijing is in the north of China.北京在中国北部。Shan

7、dong is on the north of Jiangsu.山东位于江苏北面。 in the north of China in the northern part of China在中国北部East China华东；North China华北The northern part of the city used to be sparsely populated, but has now become a cultural centre.城北过去人口稀少，但现在成了文化中心。12. When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blo

8、cks away and weve lived in this area since then.Ø move two blocks away 搬到两个街区以外 Ø since then 从那以后Ø marry sb.嫁给娶某人；get married结婚（动作）be married to sb.与某人结婚（状态）；get married to so. 与某人结婚（动作）。如：They married their daughter to an old rich man.他们把女儿嫁给了一位年老的富人。This couple have been married for

9、 50 years.这对夫妇结婚已有50年了。13. change a lot改变许多 14. over the years 在这些年期间(现在完成时)15. in the town centre= in the centre of the town在镇中心 16. turninto 把变成 Heat turns water into vapor.热使水变成蒸气。Turn this sentence into English. turn on打开 turn off关 turn up调高 turn down调低 turn around转身 by turns轮流地 in turn依次 turn i

10、n 上交 Its ones turn to do sth.17. pollution n常见短语：air pollution空气污染water pollution水污染noise pollution噪音污染light pollution光污染noise pollution噪音污染 I could hardly believe she had made a video about water pollution by herself.我几乎不能相信她靠自己制作了一份有关水污染的录像。pollute作动词，意为“污染”，pollute the air污染空气。 18. put the waste

11、into the river把废料扔进河 put away 收好 put on 穿上 put off 推迟/延期19. realize the problem意识到问题19. take action to improve the situation采取行动改善情况 20. much cleaner 干净得多 21. in some ways 在某种程度上 in this way以这种方式 on the way (to )在的路上 by the way 顺便说下 no way 没门 in any way 无论如何 22. have a beautiful modern town拥有一个美丽现代化

12、的城镇 23. most of my old friends 我的大多数老朋友 24.move away 搬走 25. It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.It is necessary for us to study English hard. It is kind of you to help us.若形容词是描述行为者的性格、品质的，如kind，good，nice，clever，careless，polite，foolish等，用of sb.。若形容词仅仅是描述事物,用for sb.，

13、difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，（im）possible等。see each other 见到彼此as often as before和过去一样频繁 26. play cards and Chinese chess 打牌，下中国象棋 27. feel a bit lonely from time to time 有时感到有点孤Ø feel a bit lonely 感到有点孤单 from time to time=at times=sometimes有时Ø a bit和a little “稍微”、“有点”

14、,修饰形容词、副词。在肯定句中可以互换.Ø a little 直接修饰不可数名词;而a bit修饰名词时,其后须加上of,构成“a bit of+n.”结构。例如: He knows a bit of French.        Ø a bit和a little的否定式意义正好相反。not a bit=not at all,意为“毫不”;而not a

15、60;little=very much,意为“非常”,“很”。例如: He is not a bit tired.他一点不累。 He is not a little tired.他很累。 Ø a few/few用在复数可数名词之前，little/a little用在不可数名词之前。 He took a few biscuits. (肯定 ) He took few biscuits(否定)

16、60;He took a little butter. (肯定)     He took little butter. (否定) 28. the amazing changes 令人惊奇的改变 29. because of being alone 因为独自一人. lonely, alone的区别：lonely作表语，表示心灵内部的孤独寂寞,lonely修饰地点时，意：“荒凉的，偏僻的”。alone指单独、独自的意思，作表语。例如：He is alone, but he never fe

17、els lonely.30. a group of buildings with streets on all sides街道两边全是高楼 31. all ones life 一生 Grammar32. repair over ten bicycles 修十多辆自行车 33.the changes in Beijing北京的变化 34. over the past century上个世纪期间 35.learn more about更多了解关于 36 hear about/of 听说 hear from sb. 收到某人来信 37. plan to do sth.计划做某事 Integrated

18、 skills38. clean and fresh air干净新鲜空气 39.living condition居住环境 40. railway station火车站 41. travel to and from the town by bus乘公交进出城镇 42. another big change 另一个大变化 43. move into new flats搬进新的公寓 move out of搬出44. return from the USA 从美国回来 return sth. to sb. 把某物归还给某人return作“返回”讲时是不及物动词，相当于come/get back: 作“

19、归还”讲时是及物动词，相当于give back。return to someplace回到某处；return sth to sb. give sthback to sb.把某物还给某人。return本身含有back的意思，不能再和back连用。如：他借了我的手机，还没还给我。正：He borrowed my mobile phone and hasn't returned it to me.误：He borrowed my mobile phone and hasn't returned it back to me.45. go abroad 出国，去国外 at home or

20、 abroad在国内外46. at primary school 在小学 47.keep in touch with each other互相保持联络   municate by email 通过电子邮件交流 49.make communication much easier使沟通更容易 communicate with sb.和某人保持联系Study Skills50. be/get used to (doing) sth 习惯于（干）某事 get used to the changes of life 习惯了生活的变化51. take place发生（有目的有计划的）、

21、举行 (无被动语态) happen发生(偶然发生) （无被动语态）52. green hills all around 到处都是绿山 53. a river runs through the centre of town 一条小河穿过镇中心54. on ones own = by oneself = alone独自Task 55、throw rubbish扔垃圾 56、in some large open spaces在一些大的开阔的地方57、in their free time 在他们业余时间 58、travel around the town在镇里转转59、have their own c

22、ars= have cars of their own有他们自己的汽车60.narrow and dirty roads 又窄又脏的公路 61.wide and clean streets宽阔而干净的街道 62.green trees on both sides两边绿树 63.enjoy a comfortable life享受舒服的生活 重点语法现在完成时1基本结构为：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词(1)表示过去发生的行为、动作或情况对现在造成的影响或结果。时间副词常用just(刚刚)，already（已经），still(仍然)，recently（最近），yet（还、尚），ever（

23、曾经），never（从不）。其中just，already用于肯定句；yet，ever，never常用于疑问句或否定句；still，recently可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句。如：Have you ever been to Hong Kong?你曾经去过香港吗？I haven't got the letter from my uncle yet.我还没收到我叔叔的信。(2)表示从过去开始并持续到现在的行为、动作或情况。常与for或since引导的时间状语连用。for表示一段时间，后接时间段；since表示“自从”，后接时间点。(3)也常与so far(迄今为止)，in the past

24、 several years(在过去几年里)，ever since（迄今），in/during/over the past/last few years(在过去几年里)这类从过去到现在的时间状语连用。在此类句子中，谓语动词要用持续性动词，而不能是短暂性动词。如：The children have been away from home since the new term began.(木用left)自从新学期开始，孩子们就已经离开了家。2具体的几组时间短语辨析ago用于一般过去时（用瞬间动词）；sinceago用于现在完成时；in the past用于一般过去时；in the past fe

25、w years用于现在完成时；just now(置于句末)用于一般过去时；just(置于句中)用于现在完成时。如：I bought this dictionary three years ago. 这本字典是我三年前买的。I have had this dictionary for three years.I have had this dictionary since three years ago.还可以用“It is/has been+时间段+since从句”改写为：It is three years since I bought this dictionary.8B Unit2Unit

26、 2 TravellingComic strip & Welcome to the unit词组：1. go to sp for a/ones holiday去某地度假 go to South Hill for my holiday be on holiday在度假2. have been to sp去过某地（已经回来） Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾经去过北京吗？ have gone to sp去了某地（还没回来） He has gone to Shanghai 已经去了上海3. join sb in doing sth加入某人去做某事 join

27、us/you 4. get ready for sth. 为做好准备 get ready to do sth.5. I am getting all my things. 我正在收拾东西。6. take the bag拿上包 take sth. with sb.随身携带7. I dont think itll be a holiday for me. I dont think its a good idea. 8. the capital of 的首都 9. Whats special about this book? 这本书有什么特别的？10. come from a story by sb

28、来自某人写的一个故事11. place of interest 名胜 Can you tell me some places of interest in Nanjing? be interested in 对感兴趣 Old people here is interested in playing cards and Chinese chesshave/show interest in 对感兴趣 The inventor showed great interest in Maths.12. I don't think it'll be a holiday for me.我想这对

29、我来说不会是个假期了。本句是一个“否定前移”的句子，主句中的否定词实际上否定的是后面从句的内容。在英语中，当主句是I think，I believe等时，其后的宾语如果是否定式，则要把否定前移至主句，表达成“I don't think/believe+肯定句”的句式。这是因为英美人士在表达个人观点时比较委婉。如：I don't think he is an honest boy.我认为他不是个诚实的孩子。I don't believe that will happen我相信那不会发生。Reading词组：1. fantastic adj.意为“极好的，美妙的”。a fa

30、ntastic beach一片极好的海滩；a fantastic achievement 一项了不起的成就；have a fantastic timehave a good/great/wonderful time玩得开心。fantasy n(pl. fantasies)幻想，想象。如：Stop living in a fantasy world别再生活在幻想世界中了。我们几年前去过那儿。2. miss sb. very much 非常想念某人miss v. 1)思念；想念 When I studied in USA，I miss my parents very much. 2) 错过，没赶上

31、 miss sth./doingHurry up, or you will miss the bus. Because of the exam he missed watching this Years World cup. n. 小姐，后接 姓氏时，常常大写 This is my English teacher, Miss li. 3. I have been in Hong Kong for two months. 我来香港已经两个月了。4. have a fantastic/good/nice/wonderful time=have fun=enjoy oneself玩得愉快5. spe

32、nd the whole day at Disneyland在迪斯尼度过一整天 all the people所有的人 spend v 1） 度过 I spent my winter holiday in Hainan. 2) 花费 spend + 时间/金钱 on + 东西 spend + 时间/金钱（in) doing something I spent an hour on my homework yesterday. I spent an hour in doing my homework yesterday. 6. We got to the park by underground.

33、get to sp.=reach sp.=arrive at/in sp. 到达某地(没有目的地只用arrive) 7. on Space Mountain在太空山 an indoor roller coaster一个室内过山车8. It moved at high speed and was really exciting. move at high speed高速运行 speed n. 速度 短语：at high speed以高速，在句子中可以作状语、表语等。 at the speed of 以的速度The car was at high speed when the accident h

34、appened.事故发生时那辆小汽车正处于高速运行的状态。It moves at the speed of fifty kilometers an hour. 它以每小时五十公里的速度移动。(动词speed 过去时speeded/ sped- 过去分词speeded/ sped)9. scream and laugh through the ride全程都在尖叫大笑 through the ride在行程中10. hurry to a restaurant to have a quick meal (动词)hurry to sp/ go to sp in a hurry(名词) in a hu

35、rry 在匆忙之中hurry to do sth=be in a hurry to do sth.=do sth. in a hurry=do sth. hurriedly匆忙做某事Tom was still late though he hurried to school.虽然汤姆匆匆赶到学校，但还是迟到了。John is in a hurry to catch his train约翰急着赶火车。11. On the way 在路上 on the way to + 地点 在去的路上 on ones way to + 地点 在某人去的路上 注意：遇到 home/here/there 等地点副词

36、时省略toI met an old friend on my way home. 在回家的路上我遇到了一个老朋友。12. such as/for examplesuch as例如，比如。一般用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子，插在被列举的例子和被列举的名词之间，as后没有逗号。如：He has been to many countries, such as America, Japan and Germany.他去过很多国家，比如美国、日本和德国。For example, twice two is equal to four. 例如，二加二等于四。such as后面不可以列出前面所提过的所有东西。

37、如：正：I know four languages, such as Japanese and English我懂四种语言，如日语和英语。误：I know four languages, such as Chinese, French, Japanese and English我懂四种语言，如汉语、法语、日语和英语。在 现代英语中，such as可与etc.（等等）连用。如：They planted many flowers, such as roses,sunflowers，etc.他们种了许多花，如玫瑰、向日葵等。辨析 for example例如。一般只列举同类人或物中的一个为例，作插入语

38、，不影响句子其他部分的语法关系。可置于句首、句中或句末。如：For example，air is invisible.例如，空气是看不见的。He, for example, is a good student例如，他就是个好学生。13. a parade of Disney characters迪士尼人物的游行 later in the afternoon=in the late afternoon下午迟些时候14. the best part of the day 这天最好部分 15. run after sb.追赶某人 cant stop doing =cant help doing 禁不

39、住做某事When he listened to the story, Jim couldnt help laughing. 听这个故事时，吉姆忍不住笑了。Stop to do something停下来去做另一件事 Stop doing something停止正在做的Please stop to listen to the teacher. 请停下来听老师讲。 The students stopped talking and laughing when they saw the teacher.take photos拍照 can't stop taking photos不停地拍照片16.

40、 be like magic像魔法一样magic n. 魔术 Do you like Liu Qians magic? 你喜欢刘谦的魔术吗？magical adj魔法的；有魔力的；迷人的 Alice got into a world full of magical things. 17. We could even smell the apple pie and feel the wind. 我们甚至能闻到苹果派的香味，感觉风在吹。感官动词 smell/feel/sound/taste/look + 形容词 The flowers smell wonderful. The food taste

41、s good. 17. go shopping=do some shopping 买东西19. buy sb. sth./ buy sth. for sb. 为某人买 couple n.两人，两件事物，几个人；几件事物a couple of = a pair of 一双；一对 a couple of key rings 一对钥匙环The couple arrived at the party very early. We met in Moscow a couple of weeks ago. 20. near/at the end of 将近/在结束的时候 in the end=finall

42、y 最后 by the end of到.为止21. watch the fireworks in front of 在前面观看焰火 22. during your stay there (名词) 在你待在那期间 stay at home (动词) 待在家23. let me have a look at sth.让我看一下某物 24. Heres one for you. 这个是送给你的。Grammar词组：1. 去某地开会go to sp to attend a meeting 2. 参加会议attend a meeting 3. 在沙滩上玩play on the sand4. 顺便说一下b

43、y the way 5. 邀请某人去野餐invite sb to go for a picnic6. 去野餐go for a picnic /have a picnic 7. 电影已经开始20分钟了。The film has been on for 20 minutes.8. 游行结束好几小时了。The parade has been over for hours.9. Kitty来香港两天了。Kitty has been in Hongkong for two days.10. 自从上周二他就离开家了。He has been away from home since last Tuesday

44、.11. 这本书我已经借了好几天了。I have kept this book with me for a few days.（不能用borrow）12. Simon自从去年就加入足球俱乐部了。Simon has been in / a member of the Football Club since last year.13. 他们结婚15年了。They have been married for 15 years.14. 这些鱼死了有一段时间了。These fish have been dead for some time.15. 在寒假第一天on the first day of th

45、e winter holidayIntegrated skills词组:1. 旅行的地方places for traveling 2. 中国园林Chinese gardens3. 自然景观places of natural beauty 4. 海滨城市seaside cities5. 主题公园theme parks 6. 提一些在中国旅游的建议give some advice on travelling in China7. 全年去那儿go there all year round(during the whole year)8. 水上运动water sports 9. 在任何季节in any

46、 season 10.It is dangerous to climb mountains on cold and snowy days. 在寒冷的雪天爬山是危险的。11. 去那最好的时节是在春天或秋天。The best time to go there is in spring and autumn.12. 可能会下雨。There may be some rain. / It may be rainy. / It may rain.13.在一年的那个时刻at that time of year14. 有一些关于五一节的计划have some plans for the May Day hol

47、iday15. 去某地出差go to sp on business16. 乘直达航班去某地take a direct flight to sp17. 坐飞机去成都要多久？How long does it take to fly to Chengdu?18. 跟我爸爸给你核实一下check it for you with my dad补充知识点：1. see sb. playing on the sand看到某人正在沙滩上玩see somebody doing sth 看到某人正在做see somebody do sth 看到某人做某事的过程或经常看到某人做某事I saw him working

48、 in the garden yesterday. Jim often sees Mary help others. play on the sand在沙滩上玩 2. die v 死亡 His grandfather died last week.death n 死亡 He cried after knowing his grandfathers death.dying 动词现在分词；形容词 奄奄一息的，垂死的His grandfather is dying. 他的爷爷快过世了。dead 形容词 死的 His grandfather has been dead for three years.

49、 3. 1)except 与 besides 都可表示“除外”，但 besides 表示一种累加关系，意指“除了什么之外，还有”；而 except 则表示一种排除关系，意指“除了什么之外，不再有”。如：Besides his wife，his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外，他女儿也去看过他(即妻子女儿都去看过他)。Nobody went to see him except his wife. 除他妻子外，没有一个人看过他(即只有他妻子去看过他)。2)关于 except 与 except for：except 主要用来谈论同类的东西，而 except

50、for是"除了因为;要不是;除去一点外"的意思,表示"对一个人或事物,先做一个整体评价,然后再就局部提出一点看法"。即一部分被肯定,另一部分被否定,这就是所谓的"排除否定式"。其判别标志是:除去的与保留的"不是同类项"。All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外，其他的作文都写得很好。His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的作文写得不错，只是有几处拼写错误。4：in

51、 front of (在某物外部的前面） There are two trees in front of the classroom.in the front of (在某物内部的前面）There are a teachers desk in the front of the classroom.5. such det.& pron.such意为“这样的（人或物）”，常用于以下结构：such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数。如：This is such a big house.这是一座如此大的房子。such+adj.+可数名词复数。如：They are such kind girls

52、.她们是如此好心的女孩。such+adj.+不可数名词。如：It is such sad music.它是如此悲伤的音乐。辨析 so常用于以下结构：so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数。如：so clever a boy如此聪明的一个男孩so+adj.adv.。如：so clever如此聪明；so quickly如此迅速so many/much/few/little+n。如：so many mistakes如此多的错误Task1. 动身去机场leave for the airport 动身去某地，前往某地leave for sp2. 在一大早in the early morning3. 坐飞

53、机去香港花了我们三个半小时。It took us three and a half hours to fly to Hongkong.4. 爱看有趣的迪士尼人物游行love watching the interesting parade of Disney characters5. 看海豚表演watch the dolphin show 6. 看鸟表演watch the bird show7. 给我们的亲戚们买了很多礼物buy a lot of presents for our relatives8. 吃了一顿美食have a delicious meal9. 我希望有一天我能再次来这儿玩 I

54、 hope I can visit it again some day.10. 坐飞机去某地 take a plane to sp / take a flight to sp go to sp by air / plane go to sp on a plane重点语法1使用have/has been与have/has gone have/has been曾经去过，表示去过某地，现在已经回来了，人已经不在那里，指的是人的一种经历；have/has gone已经去了某地，表示人在途中或已经到达目的地，人不在说话者处，强调去某地还没有回来。两者后面可以直接跟地点副词，跟地点名词时名词前要加介词to。如：- Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里？- He has gone to the bookshop.他去书店了。(Tom在去书店的路上或已到书店，人不在说话处。)- Where have you been recently? 你们最近去哪里了？- We have been to Hong Kong.我们去香港了。（人已回来，不在香港。）M