直接引语和间接引语

1、直接引语和间接引直接引语和间接引语语Direct and Reported speechI am a lucky girl.She said，“I am a lucky girl.”直接引语直接引语:直接引用别人的话直接引用别人的话,把它放在引号内把它放在引号内. (direct speech)间接引语间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话用自己的话转述别人的话 (reported speech)She said that she was a lucky girl. Examples:Examples: Jane said, “I know him very much.” Jane said tha

2、t she knew him very much. Tom said，“I saw her last week,” Tom said that he had seen her the week before. Lucy said: “We will start tomorrow.” Lucy said they would start the next day. Ann said “I have seen her before.” Ann said she had seen her before. My father asked me,” Are you reading this novel?

3、 My father asked me if/whether I was reading that novel. The manager asked, “ When will you come here? ” The manager asked when we would go there. 一、时态变化一、时态变化 Jane said, “I know him very much.” Jane said that she knew him very much. Tom said，“I saw her last week,” Tom said that he had seen her the

4、week before. Lucy said, “We will start tomorrow.” Lucy said they would start the next day. Ann said ,“I have seen Jim before.” Ann said she had seen Jim before. My father asked me,” Are you reading this novel? ” My father asked me if/whether I was reading that novel. The manager asked, “ When will y

5、ou come here? ” The manager asked when we would go there. 二、人称变化二、人称变化 Jane said, “I know him very much.” Jane said that she knew him very much. Tom said，“I saw her last week,” Tom said that he had seen her the week before. Lucy said: “We will start tomorrow.” Lucy said they would start the next day

6、. Ann said “I have seen her before.” Ann said she had seen her before. My father asked me,” Are you reading this novel? ” My father asked me if/whether I was reading that novel. The manager asked, “ When will you come here? ” The manager asked when we would go there. Examples:Examples: Tom said，“I s

7、aw her last week .” Tom said that he had seen her the week before. Lucy said: “We will start tomorrow.” Lucy said they would start the next day. Ann said “I have seen her before.” Ann said he had seen her before. My father asked me,” Are you reading this novel now? ” My father asked me if/whether I

8、was reading that novel then. The reporter asked, “ When will you come here? ” The reporter asked when we would go there.1、如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，直接引语变为间接引语时，、如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，直接引语变为间接引语时，从句谓语动词的时态通常要作相应的变化。规则如下从句谓语动词的时态通常要作相应的变化。规则如下(时态呼应时态呼应) 直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时 现在进行时现在进行时 过去进行时过去进行时 一般将来时

9、一般将来时 过去将来时过去将来时现在完成时现在完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 其他相应其他相应 的变动规则如下表：的变动规则如下表：在直接引语中在直接引语中在间接引语中在间接引语中指示代词指示代词 时间状语时间状语地点状语地点状语 动词动词this / thesethat / thosenow / todaythen / that daythis week (month)that week (month)yesterdayThe day beforelast yearthe year beforethree days agothr

10、ee days beforenext week (month)the next daythe next week (month)tomorrowhere therecome go 直接引语表述的是客观真理直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语，变为间接引语时，时态不变时，时态不变Eg:1) The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the

11、west.Special case 直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语1）He says, “I am very He says that he is busy today.” vey busy today.2）He will say, “ I He will say that he have watered the has watered the flowers flowers 2、如果主句谓语动词为现在时或一般将来时，则间如果主句谓语动词为现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语的原来时态直接引语的原来时态。 例如：例如：陈述句变为间接引语时，要用陈述句变为

12、间接引语时，要用 that 引导引导宾语从句，在口语中常可省略。宾语从句，在口语中常可省略。直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语1.She said, “Our train will arrive in five minutes.” She said (that) their train would arrive in five minutes. 一般疑问句变成间接引语要由一般疑问句变成间接引语要由 if /whether（是否）（是否）引引导，并将原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。导，并将原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语2）He said, “ Can you sw

13、im, John?” 2）He asked John if/whether he could swim. 1）The teacher asked， “ Have you all understood me?” 1）The teacher asked if/whether we had all understood her. 主句中的谓语动词为主句中的谓语动词为 saidsaid时，要改成时，要改成 asked;asked;没有间接没有间接宾语时，可加宾语时，可加me, him, her, them me, him, her, them 或或us us 等。等。特殊疑问句变为特殊疑问句变为间接引

14、语要间接引语要由由who, what, when, why, who, how 等疑问词引等疑问词引导，导，并将原来的疑问句并将原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。语序变为陈述句语序。直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语1）George said, “When will you get back from London, John?” 1）George asked John when he would get back from London. 2)“Where did you find the ads for jobs abroad?”Bill asked. Bill asked where I h

15、ad found the ads for jobs abroad.直接引语是祈使句直接引语是祈使句,则间接引语变为动词不定式则间接引语变为动词不定式. 即即: ask/ tell /order sb. (not) to do sth. eg: 2）The teacher said to the boy, “Dont open the window.” The teacher told the boy not to open the window. 1) The salesman said to me, “Sit down ,please” The salesman asked me to si

16、t down. 1. He asked ,“ how much do you pay for the computer？” He asked _ for the computer. A. did you pay how much B. you paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _.A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the filmC. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film 3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. He _ me _ the window.A. said to; to close B