And 的一些特殊用法和汉译

1、And是一个常用的并列连词。其一般的用法和译法,已有不少文章论及。本文仅就and的一些特殊用法作一简单介绍。一、And前后的两部分表示同时发生的动作,或同时存在的属性、特征等可译为"又又"、"既又"、"一方面,一方面"、"而"等。例如:1. The process of oxidation in human body gives off heat slowly and regularly.人体内的氧化过程缓慢而又有规则地放出热量。2. If a body is acted upon by a number of f

2、orces and still remains motionless, thebody is said to be in equilibrium.如果一个物体受到几个力的作用而仍然保持静止,那么该物体处于平衡状态。And前后的两部分,有时表示不能同时并存的事物或动作。这时and宜译为"或"。例如: 3. The whole equipment can be assembled and dismantled in a matter of hours.整套设备可以在几小时内安装或拆卸完毕。二、有时and前面的部分表示原因或条件,后面的部分表示结果 and=so that, 译为

3、"因此"、"所以"、"从而"等。例如:1. Sound is carried by air, and without air there can be no sound.声音靠空气传播,因此没有空气也就没有声音。2. After firing the torpedoes the forward part would lose weight and the submarinewould be out of balance.鱼雷发射后,潜艇前部的重量会减少,因此它就会失去平衡。表示因果关系时,也有将表示原因的部分放在and之后。这时and

4、=because,直接译为"因为"。例如:3. Aluminium is used as the engineering material for planes and spaceships and itis both light and tough.因为铝质轻而韧性好,所以被用作制造飞机和宇宙飞船的工程材料。除了被连接的两个分句之间有如上的因果关系外,and连接的两个句子成分之间,前后也可能有这种因果关系。例如:4. Reproduction provides new generations and makes possible the continuation of r

5、ace.繁殖产生新的后代,从而使种族得以延续。三、And之后的部分,有时具有让步意义 and = though, 这时可译为"虽然"。例如: Several disadvantages tend to limit the use of hydraulic controls and they do offermany distinct advantages.液压控制虽有许多突出的优点,但也存在一些缺陷,使其应用范围受到了限制。四、And表示一种同位关系,可译作"即"、"也是"1. When correcting, pay close a

6、ttention to the seventh and last paragraph in thetranslation.改稿时请密切注意译文的第七段,即最后一段。2. We have come to the last and most important step of the experiment.我们的实验现在已经到了最后一个也是最重要的一个阶段。五、And有时连接两个原形动词,但并不表示并列关系而是表示目的关系1. Allow me to go and measure the pressure again.请允许我再测一次压力。2. He told me that he would c

7、ome and help with our design when his work was over.他告诉我,他忙完后,会来帮助我们进行设计。六、And 用在数字或数学概念中,表示相加Six and seven is thirteen. 六加七等于十三。用在the product of . and .的搭配中则表示"相乘",如:The area of a triangle is equal to half the product of the base and the perpendicularheight.三角形的面积等于二分之一底乘高。在带分数中,and也表示相加。

8、翻译时要按汉语中数字的习惯说法处理,并注意half, quarter等的译法。例如:On the average, oceans are two and one third miles deep.海洋的平均深度为二又三分之一英里。在"between +数字+ and +数字"的短语中,and等于介词to,译为"到",或用破折号或波浪号来表示。例如:1. The lamp lights when the transistor temperature probe is connected to the rearpanel and its temperatur

9、e is between -2060'C.当晶体管测温器接到后板上并且其温度在-20度到60度之间时,这盏灯就亮了。有时仍将and译为"和",在后面加上"之间"、"不等",仍是"到"的意思。例如:2. Tests were performed in stirred tanks, with volumes between 5 and 50 litres.试验是在一些搅拌槽中进行的,槽的容积介于5升至50升之间。也可以直接用介词 to代替and。例如:3. The incubation period is mo

10、st frequently between 7 to 21 days.孵化期大多为7到21天。七、And用在强调结构中1、用and连接同一个形容词的比较级,表示发展和程度的变化:1The patient is getting worse and worse.患者的病情在不断恶化。2The power output becomes lower and lower by overloading.超负荷造成功率输出越来越低。2、用and连接同义词。例如:1We completely and totally agree to the project put forward by them.我们完全同意他们提出的方案。2The end and aim of the book is explained in the preface.本书的宗旨在前言中作了说明。3、有时用and重复整个句子,也是为了起加强语气的作用。如:We need to know and we need to know as much as possible