ENGLISH--BOOK7--课后习题答案-(黄源深-朱种毅主编)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Lesson Eight1. Discuss the metaphor of drama used by Cowley to describe the role of an old person.The author compares the old life to a drama, elderly people play a new role in it that must be improvised. That is because old age gives nobody any mental preparation to get oneself ready f

2、or it. Whats more, the infirmities are likened to a prompter, reminding them of the fact that they are old and should behave like old people. This metaphor vividly shows the state of getting into the old age. And the author suggests that one has to act and response to old age although getting old ma

3、y happen suddenly to him or her. 2. What is the implication of the metaphor?The author uses this image of the captain who stands on the bridge of the ship and bravely defy against the overpowering force of the sea to analogize the elderly who refuse to surrender and stand up to the old age. He expre

4、sses his admiration for the captain as well as those old people. He implied that one should accept old age as a series of challenges instead of giving in.3. How does the author explain and illustrate “the vices of age”? Does he offer any explanation for the formation of such vices?The author gives s

5、pecific explanations for the three vices of age he listed-avarice, untidiness and vanity:l Firstly, he explains avarice as the old peoples paranoiac insistence of hoarding money through exemplification. He also discusses the reason for it- the accumulation of money, which is regarded as a form of po

6、wer by the elderly, can give them a sense of comfort.l And secondly, as for untidiness, the author uses the story of Collyer to illustrate the old persons habit of accumulating junks as well as the bad consequence of it, and points out two reasons for the formation of it-laziness and their belief th

7、at things including their bodies, which were once useful, should be preserved.l Finally, with regard to vanity, the author uses several examples of an athlete, a physician, a judge and others to explain why it forms-with less expectation for the future, the elderly yearn for recognition of what they

8、 have been.4. Tell how the tone and figures of speech used by Cowley describe the pleasure of sitting still.1) The pleasure of sitting still is expressed in a tone of positive. The author appreciates the relaxation, peace and tranquility of sitting still.2) The figures of speech used by the author i

9、ncludes l Analogy: draw an analogy between an old man sitting still and a snake on a sun-warmed stonel transferred epithet: a delicious feeling of indolence “delicious” is often used to modify food, but here it is transferred to modify peoples feeling of indolencel rhetorical question：but why, do th

10、ey work so hard when the most they can hope for is a longer obituary?l Contrast: contrast between old peoples relaxation and young peoples suffering of the competition with others l Rhyme: scrounging and gougingl Specific details 5. What are the physical compensations of old age and how does Cowley

11、illustrate them?1) Physical compensations are like dozing in the sun and the satisfaction of a few of the simplest needs such as eating and sleeping.2) Cowley illustrates them by exemplification, analogy, contrast and so on.3) When it comes to illustrating the pleasure of sitting still, the author u

12、ses analogy and contrast. 4) In order to illustrate the pleasure of eat and sleep, the author uses the example of an old woman in nursing house who can only look forward to meals and sleep. However, to young people, sleep is a mere interruption of their work. These are physical compensations of old

13、age6. Show how the analogy used in the poem “Terminus” helps convey its theme. 1) By analogizing ones life to a voyage, the god of bounds to destiny, the finality of life to the shore, ones ambitions to the branches and roots, ones horizons to the firmament, the author suggested some disadvantages o

14、f aging. 2) The god of destiny brings infirmity and senility which is a kind of restraint, leaving elderly people unable to exert their strength and continue with their ambitions. 3) Whats more, he limits old peoples imagination and creativity and finalizes their death.7. What does the writer think

15、of giving up?1)The writer thinks giving up is the greatest temptation of age. The givers-up see no reason for working. They decide that their efforts are useless. 2)The author thinks that he hasnt the right to blame them, not being able to put himself in their shoes. 3)He sympathizes with their prob

16、lems and understand their reasons for giving up, but he admires those who accept old age as a series of challenges and make some accomplishment. 8. What is the implication of the quotation from Paul Claudel as given in the last paragraph?When a person gets into his old age, his body doesnt function

17、as well as before. But if he has finished what he wants to say and do, he may still feel astonishingly well even with the infirmities brought by old age. Therefore, we ought to seize the chance to fight for our dreams when we are still young. And even when we get into our old age, we should accept o

18、ld age as a series of challenges, try to outwit every new infirmity, overcome obstacles by force of will. In this way, we can fully enjoy our old age.Lesson nine1. How did the Marlboro image change before the Marlboro Man finally emerged by 1963?1) There was a time when the Marlboro image was a lady

19、 and always in plush, upholstered surroundings.2) Then in the 1950s Marlboro was given a new, masculine image-the tattooed man.3) By chance, the first tattooed man was a cowboy. Later, the tattooed man forsook the range in pursuit of other manly vocations like explorers, sailors, athletes and an occ

20、asional tuxedoed but no less rugged gentleman.4) In the early 1960s, the cowboy was promoted to supremacy over other tattooed men.5) By 1963 the tattoo had disappeared and the Marlboro Man had emerged as the exclusive inhabitant of Marlboro commercials.2. Is Marlboro Country reminiscent of a pastora

21、l ideal or a primitive ideal? What are the chief differences between the two?1）Marlboro Country is reminiscent of a primitive ideal rather than a pastoral ideal. At first glance, Marlboro Country is similar to the pastoral ideal of a Salem country, but upon closer inspection, Marlboro Country is ind

22、eed the wildernessviolent, primitive, occasionally malevolent and incredible landscape of Montana.2）Differences（Surface differences:Bucolic greenness vs. rough-hewn realismCapricious gaiety vs. strident, robust brass）Deep differences（主要的差异在这里）: The pastoral ideal connotes a benign nature without con

23、flict, danger and tension. The primitive, on the other hand, is the wasteland that harms and makes demands upon its residents. People who lives in pastoral ideal are never disturbed by complex forces of civilization or the arduous natural conditions while the Marlboro Man has to stand erect and vigi

24、lant and be a man of action and purpose.3. In para 13-15, the author describes the Marlboro Mans clothing, his habits and even his face. What functions do these descriptive details perform in the analysis of Marlboro commercials?1) The Marlboro Man epitomizes the primitive environment in which he li

25、ves. The descriptive details of his clothing, his habits and even his face reflect the competitive spirit required by the violent and primitive environment he lives in. 2) The descriptive details show the innocence and individual efficacy of the Marlboro Man. (For example, on Marlboro Mans face, you

26、 cannot find the expression of the civilized people; their shrewd and wise eyes, tightened skin, healthy appearance show that he has experienced hardships of life and has the ability to face down the nature.)3) The Marlboro commercials presents Marlboro Man as a cultural symbol which speaks to the c

27、ollective imagination of the American people and a metaphor ready for merchandising.4. In para 5 and 16, the author mentions that the Marlboro image is “a cultural symbol.” What does he mean? 1) The Marlboro image is not a mere image used for tobacco advertising, it is a cultural symbol which consis

28、ts of two elements: the Marlboro Man and the Marlboro Country.2) The Marlboro Man speaks of the collective imagination of the American people; he remains untarnished by modern civilization and capable of facing down challenges, which speaks of innocence and individual efficacy as well as independenc

29、e and self-reliance. 3) The Marlboro Country symbolizes the virgin frontier and the primitive wilderness. It becomes an environmental memoir which reminds Americans of where their ancestors have been and the experiences they got during the movement of Western Expansion. 5. Why does the author say “T

30、he Marlboro image represents escape, not from the responsibilities of civilization, but from its frustrations.”1) Because the Marlboro Man acquires vigilance, rigor and diligence required by civilization. So he can face down challenging but intelligible tasks and front the essential facts of life as

31、 Thoreau said. And there is resolution and accomplishment in the reward. In this sense, he fulfills the responsibilities of civilization.2) But the Marlboro Man stands apart from the modern encumbrances and is never entwined in the machinery of institutions. He never feels the frustrations or the impotent desperation of unfulfilled in everything. 6. Discuss the higher meaning of Marlboro cigarettes.1) What Marlboro cigarettes merchandise is not merely the tobacco or cigarettes but the meta