雅思剑桥真题长难句解析

1、雅思剑桥真题长难句解析1. The see nt she carried in her samples and on her body was a message to the other bees that this was the one they were looking for.(佥U4,General Training Test B section 3 )分析： 本句的主句为 “The scent was a message to the other bees ;“ she carried n hersamples and on her body ”为定语从句，做 The scent

2、的定语，关系词在定语从句中做宾语，因 此被省掉； “that this was the one they were looking for为that引导的同位语从句，做message的同位语；“they were looking for 为定语从句，做the one的定语，关系词在定语从句 中做for的宾语，因此被省掉。2. Soon he would also discover a n umber ofother remarkable facts about how bees comm uni cate an d, i n doing so, revoluti onize the study

3、 of ani mal behavior gen erally.(剑 4, General Training Test B section 3 )分析：本句的主句为 “ he would also discovera nu mber of other remarkable facts about and revolutionize the study of animal behavior gen erally ; ” “ how bees comm uni cate 为 ”ow 弓丨导的宾语从句，做介词about的宾语3. There had, of course, bee n dicti o

4、n aries inthe past, the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabetical of hard usual English words'.（剑 5, Test 1 passage 1分析： 本 句主句 “ There had been dictionaries ; ” thefirst of these being a litt

5、le book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certa in Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under theof hard usual En glishtitle A Table Alphabeticallwords'为独立主格结构，其中“ compiled by acertain Robert Cawdray”和 “publishedin 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ofiardusual English words'均为过去分词短语作定 语

6、，做a little book的定语。4. It is highly appropriate that Dr Samue Joh nson, the very model of anman, as famous ineighteenth-century literary his own time as in ours, should have published his Dictionary at the very beginning of the heyday of the middle class.(剑 5, Test 1 passage1)分析：本句的主句为 “ It is highly

7、appropriate that其中,it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句，即“that DrSamuel Joh nson, the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man, as famous in his own time as in ours, should have published his Dictionary at the very beginning of the heyday of the middle class ; 在主语从句中 “ the very model of an eighteenth-c

8、entury literary man” 为 Dr Samuel Johnson 的同位语， “as famous in his own time as in ours 为 Dr Samuel Johnson的定语。5. His approach to the problems that had worried writers throughout the late seve ntee nth and early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical.(剑 5, Test 1 passage 1分析： 本句的主句为 “Hisapproach

9、to the problems was intensely practical “ that had worried writers throughout the late seve ntee nth and early eighteenth centuries 为定语从句，做 the problems的定语，关系词为that。6. He was to be paid £ 1,575 in installments, and from this he took money to rent 17 Gough Square, in which he set up his dictiona

10、ry workshop'.（剑 5, Test 1 passage 1 分析：本句为并列句，“ Hewas to be paid£ 1,575 in installments 和 “from this he took money to rent 17 Gough Square, i n which he set up his dictionary workshop'. 并歹V，由 and 连 接； “ in which he set up his dictionary workshop'.为定语从句，做 17 Gough Square 的 定语，关系词为whi

11、ch。7. James Boswell, his biographer, described the garret where Johnson worked as fittedup like a counting house' with a long desk running down the middle at which the copying clerks would work sta nding up.（剑 5, Test 1 passage 1 分析：本句主句为 “James Boswell described the garret as fittedup lik e a c

12、ounting house' with a long desk. ；“ hisbiographer 为 JamesBoswell 的同位语；“whereJohnson worked ”为定语从句，做the garret的定语，关系词为where;“ running down the middle 为现在分词短语做 定语，做 a long desk 的定语；“atwhich thecopy ing clerks would work sta nding up为定语' 从句，做long desk的定语，关系词为 which。8. He was also helped by six

13、assista nts, two of whom died whilst the dictionary was still in preparati on.(剑 5, Test 1 passage 1分析：本句主句为 “ Hewas also helped by six assistants ; “ twoof whom died whilst the dictio nary was still in preparati on为定语从句，“whilst the dictionary was still in 为whilst引导的时间状语从句。fact that Johnson had take

14、n on the做 six assistants的定语，关系词为 whom; 在定 语从句中， preparati onof Europe and matched them9. TheAcademies(everyone knew that forty French academics had taken forty years to produce the first French n ati onal dicti on ary) was cause for much En glish celebrati on.(佥U 5, Test 1 passage 1分析： 本句的主句为 “ The

15、fact was cause formuch English celebration ; ” “ thatJohnson had take n on the Academies of Europe and matched them”为that引导的同位语从句，做The fact的 同位语；括号中部分起到解释说明的作用。10. A few years ago, in one of the mostfasc in ati ngand disturb ingexperime ntsinbehavioural psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale Un iversit

16、y tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a leader'in a situation in which the subjects night feel a personal distaste for the acti ons they were called upon to perform.（佥U 5Test 1 passage 2分析：本句主句为 “ Sta nley Milgram of Y aleUniversity teste

17、d 40 subjects from all walks life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a leader' in a situation “ A few yea ago, in one of the most fasc in at ing and disturb ing experime nts in behavioural psychology 为状语； “in which the subjects nigh feel a personal distaste for the actions they

18、were called upon to perform ”为定语从句，做 asituation 的定语，关系词为which,其中“theywere called upon to perform也为定语从句，做the actions的定语，关系词在该定语从句中做宾 语，因此被省掉。11. Milgram told each volun teer teachesubject' that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing p

19、upils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupil's ability to lear n. （剑 5, Test 1 passage 2 分析：本句的主句为 “Milgram told each volunteer teachesubject' that ”“ that theexperime nt was in the no ble cause of educati on, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for

20、 their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupil's ability to learn. 为 宾语从句，做动词told的宾语；awhether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupi rs ability to learn 为 whether引导的宾语从句，做test的宾语。1. The teacher-subject was told that when ever the pupil gave

21、 the wrong an swer to a questi on, a shock was to be administered, beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer.（剑 5, Test 1 passage 2 分析： 本句的主句为 “ Theteacher-subject was told that ” ;“ that whenever the pupil gavethe wrong an swer to a questi on, a shoc

22、k was to be administered, beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer ”为that引导的宾语从句，做 tell 的宾语；在该宾语从句中“ ashock was to beadministered 为主句，而“ wheneverthe pupilgave the wrong answer to a question 为 whenever引导的时间装语从句，在该宾语从句 中做时间状语，“beginning at the lowest l

23、eveland increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer”为现在分词短语做状语，在该宾 语从句中做伴随状语。2. Milgram told the teacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil, and to administer whatever level of shock was called for, as per the rule governing the experimental situation of the moment.（佥U 5, Test

24、 1 passage 2 分析：本句的主句为“Milgram told theteacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil, and to adm ini ster whatever level of shock was called for ” 其中 “ whateverlevel of shock was called for为whatever引导的宾语从句，做 administer的宾语；as per为介词短语，意为依 据，根据； “governing the expeimental situation of the momen

25、t”为现在分词短语作定语，做 the rule的定语。3. As the experiment unfolded, the pupil would definitely give the wrong answers to questions posed by the teacher, thereby bringing on various electrical punishments, even up to the dan ger level of 300 volts and bey ond.（剑 5,Test 1 passage 2分析：本句主句 “the pupil would defin

26、itely give the wrong answers to questions ” “;Asthe experiment unfolded为 As引导的时间状语从 句，做该主句的时间状语；“ posed by the teacher为过去分词短语作定语，做questions的 定语； “bringing on various electrical puni shme nts, eve n up to the dan ger level of 300 volts and beyond为现在分词短语作状语，做主 句的伴随状语。4. In these situations, Milgram ca

27、lmly expla ined that the teacher-subject was to ignore the pupil's cries for mercy and carry on the experiment.（剑 5, Test 1 passage 2分析：本句的主句为“Milgram calmly explained that ” ;“that the taac）hsrt wasto ignore the pupil's cries for mercy and carry on the experiment为that引导的宾语从句，做 explain的宾语；在该

28、宾语从句中“ toignore thepupil's cries for mercy and carry on the experiment 为不定式做表语。5. If the subject was still reluctant to proceed, Milgram said that it was important for the sake of the experime nt that the procedure be followed through to the end.(剑 5, Test 1 passage 2)分析：本句的主句为 “Milgram said tha

29、t “If the subject was still relucta nt to proceed 为If引导的条件状语从句；“that it was importantfor the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end. 为 that引导的宾语从句，做said的宾语；在该宾语 从句 “thatit was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end

30、 . 中, it 为形式主语，“ that the procedure be followed through to the end ”为 that引导的主语从句，是该宾语从句真正的主 语。6. What Milgram was trying to discover was the number of teacher-subjects who would be willing to administer the highest levels of shock, even in the face of strong personal and moral revulsion against the

31、 rules and conditions of the experiment.(剑 5, Test 1 passage 2分析：本句的主句为 “ What Milgram wastrying to discover was the n umber of teacher-subjects ” ;“ What Milgram was trying todiscover为What引导的主语从句；“ who would be willing to administer the highest levels of shock, even in the face of strong personal a

32、nd moral revulsion against the rules and conditions of the experiment. 为定语从句， 做 teacher-subjects的定语，关系词为 who。7. Prior to carrying out the experiment, Milgram explained his idea to a group of 39 psychiatrists and asked them to predict the average percentage of people in an ordinary population who wou

33、ld be willing to administer the highest shock level of 450 volts.（剑 5, Test 1 passage 2分析：本句的主句为 “Milgram explained his idea to a group of 39 psychiatrists and asked them to predict the average perce ntage of people in an ordinary population.” ;“ Prior to carryingout the experiment 为时间状语，prior to 相当

34、于 before; “ who would be willi ng to admi nister the highest shock level of 450 volts. ” 为定语从句，做an ordinary population 的定语，关系词为 who。8. The overwhelming consensus was thatsubjectsvirtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter.（佥U 5, Test 1 passage 2 分析： 本句 主句为 “The overwhelm

35、ing consensus was that ” ；“thatvirtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter 为表语从句，做 was的表语。9. The psychiatrists felt that most :would go beyond 150 volts' and they further anticipated that only four percent would go up to 300 volts.（剑 5, Test 1 passage 2分析：本句为并列句，“The

36、 psychiatrists felt that most subjects would go beyond 150 volts' 和 “they further anticipated that only four percent would go up to 300 volts并歹V，'由 andond连接；其中 “that most subjects would go bey 150 volts'为”hat引导的宾语从句，做felt的宾 语，而 “that only four percent would go up to 300 volts也为that引导的宾语从

37、句，做 anticipated 的宾语。10. How can we possibly account for this vast discrepa ncy betwee n what calm, rati on al, knowledgeable people predict in the comfort of their study and what pressured, flustered, but cooperative tednErs' actually do in the laboratory of real life? （佥U 5, Test 1 passage 2分析：

38、本句主句为 “ How can we possibly acco untfor this vast discrepa ncybetwee n and ” ;“ what calm, rati on al, knowledgeable people predict in the comfort of their study 和 “what pressured, flustered, but cooperative teachers' actually do in the laboratory of real life均为what引导的宾语从 句。11. On e's first

39、in cli nati on might be to argue that there must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinet that was activated by the experime nt, and that Milgram's teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical

40、shock.（佥U 5, Test 1passage 2分析：本句的主句为 “On e's first inclin atio nmight be to ” ；""toargue that there must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinetthat was activated by the experiment, and thatMilgram's teacher-subjects were just followi ng agenetic need to urge onto the

41、electrical shock.discharge this pent-up primal pupil by administering th 为不定式做表语，做be的表语;在此表语中 “that there must be some sort built- in animal aggression instinet和 “Milgram's teacher-subjects were just followi ng a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering

42、electrical shock '并列，皆为that引导的宾语从 句，做 argue 的宾语； “that was activated by th experiment 为定语从句，做instinet 的定语，关 系词为that o1. As audiences grew, so did the places where films were shown, finishing up with the greatpicture palaces ' of the 1920s, which rivaled, and occasi on allysuperseded, theatre

43、s andopera-houses in terms of opule nee and splendour(剑 4, General Training Test A section 3)分析：本句的主句为倒装句“sodid theplaces ” ;“As audiences gTeas弓丨导的时间状语从句；“where films were shown 为定语从句，做 places 的定语，关系词为 where; “finishing up with the great picture palaces ' of为e 1920s 现在分词短语做伴随状语；“whichrivaled, a

44、ndoccasi on allysuperseded, theatres andopera-houses in terms of opule nee and splendour.为非限制性定语从句，关系词为 which。2. It was above all the Fren ch, followed by the America ns, who were the most passi on ate exporters of the new invention, helping to start cinema in China, Japan, Latin America and Russia.

45、(剑 4, General Training Test A section 3)分析：本句的主句为 “ It was above all the French ” ;“ followed by the Americar为过去分”词短语做定语；“ whowere the most passi on ateexporters of the new invention 为”E限制性定语 从句，故French的定语，关系词为who; “ helping to start ci nema in Chi na, Japa n, Lat in America and Russia为现在分词短语做定语。3.

46、In terms of artistic development it was aga in the French and the America ns who took the lead, though in the years before the First World War, Italy, Den mark and Russia also played a part.(佥U 4, General Training Test A secti on 3)分析：本句主句为强调句式“ it was again theFrench and the America ns who took the

47、 lead“ though in the years before the First World War, Italy, Den mark and Russia also played a part ” 为though引导的让步状语从句。4. The rest of the world survived partly by learning from Hollywood and partly because audie nces con ti nued to exist for a product which corresponded to needs which Hollywood cou

48、ld not supply.(佥U 4, General Training Test A section 3)分析：本句的主句为 “ The rest of the world survived ” ;“ because audiences continued to existfor a product 为"because引导的原因状语从句；“ which corresp on ded to n eeds 为定语从句，做 product 的 定语，关 系词为 which; “ which Hollywood could not supply 为定语从句，做 needs的定语，关系词为

49、which。5. As well as popular audie nces, there were also increasing audiences for films which were artistically more adventurous or which dealt with the issues in the outer world. (佥U 4, General Training Test A section 3 )分析： 本句的 主句为 “there were also /'which wereincreasing audiences for films art

50、istically more adventurous with the issues in the outer world or连接，都为定语从句做films 都为which.6. They turned their back on the past, leav ing the style of the pre-war Russia n cin ema to the m匂r 色 who fled westwards to escape the Revolution.(佥U 4, General Training Test A和 “ which dealt 为并列句,”由 的定语，关系词sect

51、i on 3)分析： 本句中 “They turned their back on the past ”为主句；“leaving the style of thepre-war Russian cinema to the e migr 为现在 分词短语做状语；“ who fled westwards to escapethe Revolution.为定语从句，做 the emigr e 的 定语，关系词为who。,which7. Taree offers the Veterinary Assistant program and has in troduced Agristudy 'en

52、ables students to learn flexibly and by correspondence, using a mixture of student learning guides, teleph one tuorials, in formati on sessions and workshops. (剑 4, General Training Test B section2)分析： 本句 主句为 “ Taree offers the Veteri naryAssista ntprogram and hasintroduced Agristudy '现 “ which

53、enablesstude nts to lear n flexibly and by corresp onden ce, using a mixture of student learning guides, teleph one tuorials, in formati onsessi ons andworkshops为定语从句，做 Agristudy的定语， 关系词为which 。8. For his ast onishing achieveme nts he was awarded the Nobel Prize and it is from his workthat most of t

54、oday ' s knowledge of what bees say to each other derives.(佥U 4, General TrainingTest B secti on3)分析：本句为并歹y句，“For his ast onishingachieveme nts he was awarded the Nobel Prize 和 “ it is from his work that most of today ' s knowledge of what bees say to each other derives 并列，由 and 连接，并且 “it is

55、 from his work that most of today ' knowled ge of what bees say to each other derives 为强调句式；“ what bees say to each other 为 what 引导的宾 语从句，做of的宾语。9. Von Frisch knew from experime nts by an earlier researcher that if he put out a bowl of sweet sugar syrup, bees might at first take some time to fin

56、d it but, once they had done so, with in the hour, hundreds of other bees would be eagerly taking the syrup.(剑 4, General Training Test B secti on3)分析：本句的主句为 “Von Frisch knew from experiments by an earlier researcher that “ that if he put out a bowl of sweet su gar syrup, bees might at first take so

57、me time to find it but, once they had done so, within the hour, hun dreds of other bees would be eagerly tak ing the syrup为that引导的宾语从句，做 knew的 宾语； 句子 “ if he put out a bowl of sweet sugar syrup, bees might at first take some time to find it 和句子 “ oncethey had done so, within the hour, hundreds of ot

58、her bees would be eagerly taking the syrup 并列，由 but 连接；句子 “if he put out a bowl of sweet sugar syrup, bees might at first take some time to find it 中的 “if hb put out a bowl of sweet sugar syrup 为 if 弓丨导的条 件状语从句； 句子 “once they had done so, within the hour, hundreds of other bees would be eagerly taki

59、ng the syrup ”中的 “ oncethey had done so为once引导的时间状语从句。10. In the first type, a returning scout scampered in circle, alter nat ing to right and left, stopp ingoccasi on ally to regurgitate foodsamples to the excited bees chasing after her.（佥U4, General Training Test B section3 )分析： 本句 主句为 “ a returning scout scampered in circle ” “;alternating t