被动语态的练习1dayin

1、被动语态详解及专项练习（一）语态分类英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：They will build a new bridge over the river.（ 主动） A new bridge will be built over the river.（ 被动）汉语中常用 被“、给"、由“、受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词 be +及物动词的过去分词构成。（二）被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give为例，列表如下：一般现在时：am / is

2、 / are + given一般过去时：was / were +given一般将来时：shall / will +be + given一般过去将来时：should / would + be + given现在进行时：am / is / are + being + given过去进行时：was / were + being + given现在完成时：have / has + been + given过去完成时：had + been + given将来完成时：shall / will + have been + given过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + g

3、iven注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。（三）被动语态常用的八种时态1 . 一般现在时：People grow rice in the south of the country.Rice is grown in the south of the country.2 . 一般过去时：They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.3 . 一般将来时：They will send cars abroa

4、d by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea.4 .过去将来时:The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.5 .现在进行时：The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.6 .

5、过去进行时：This time last year we were planting trees here. Trees were being planted here this time last year.7 .现在完成时：Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off. I have been told the sports meet might be put off.8 .过去完成时：When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets.

6、When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.9 .含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由情态动词+ be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。You must hand in your compositions after class.Your compositions must be handed in after class.（四）被动语态的使用1 .当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。“Mr. White, the cup with mixture

7、 was broken after class.”（只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的）。2 .突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用 by短语。These records were made by John Denver.My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.如果把直接宾语（指物）改为主语，则在间接宾语（指人）前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：A present was given to me yesterday.注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to,如：bring, give, hand, lend

8、, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell等。The cup with mixture was showed to the class.My bike was lent to her.一般在下列动词后， 间接宾语前用介词for,如：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep,make, order, paint, play, sing 等。Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made f

9、or me. )The meat was cooked for us. Some country music was played for us.有些既不用to也不用for,根据动词与介词的搭配关系。He ask me a question. (A question was asked of me. )People all over the world know the Great Wall.The Great Wall is known to people all over the world.(不用 by 短语)3 .由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及

10、物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：不及物动词 + 介词，如：agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about等。The patient is being operated on.The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.及物动词 + 副词：如： bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point

11、out, put away,put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。His request was turned down.The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.4 .带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：We always keep the classroom clean.f The classroom is always kept clean.She told us to

12、 follow her instructions.一 We were told to follow her instructions.注意：在 see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to,但改成被动语态后都带to,这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to的问题。We often hear him play the guitar.fHe is often heard to play the guitar.注意：带有复合宾语的句子，如果宾语补足语是名词，变被动句时

13、，应将宾语变为主语，不要误把宾语补足语的名词作主语。如：Tomatoes were first taken back to Europe and people called them love apples.误：Love apples were called them.正： They were called love apples.5 .还有一种短语动词由动词+名词+介词构成，变被动语态有两种形式，如下：1） We take good care of the books.The books are taken good care of.Good care is taken of the boo

14、k.2） You must pay attention to your pronunciation.Attention must be paid to your pronunciation.Your pronunciation must be paid attention to.用于这类结构的短语动词常见的有：catch sight of, make use of, pay attention to, set fire to, take care of,take hold of, take notice of, keep an eye on 等。6 .当主动句的主语是nobody, no on

15、e等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：Nobody can answer this question.误：The question can be answered by nobody.正： The question can not be answered by anybody.7 .当否定句中的宾语是 anything, anybody, anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing,nobody, no one 作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：They haven't done

16、anything to make the river clean.误： Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean.正： Nothing has been done to make the river clean.9 .有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, easily 等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。如：The cloth washes easily.这布很好洗。T

17、he new product sells well.这新产品很畅销。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写字彳艮流畅。对比：The books sell well.（ 主动句）The books were sold out.（被动句）The meat didn ' t cook well.在动句）Themeat was cooked for a long time over low heat.（ 被动句）10 .下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：第一,感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如： feel, look, seem, taste, sound, remain

18、等。 Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft.误：It is felt very soft.The food tastes delicious.误：The food is tasted delicious.The pop music sounds beautiful. 误：The pop music is sounded beautiful.第二， 谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own 等。 如：He entered the room and got hi

19、s book. 误：The room was entered and his book was got.She had her hand burned. 误： Her hand was had burned.第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如： take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。如：The fire broke out in the capital building. 误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.第四，不及物动词没有

20、被动语态，如： rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie 等。When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.误：The sun had already been risen.After the earthquake, few houses remained.误： After the earthquake, few houses were remained.第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如： I taught m

21、yself English. 误： Myself was taught English.We love each other. 误： Each other is loved.11 .在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如： 据说 It is said that 据报导 It is reported that 据推测 It is supposed that 希望It is hoped that 众所周知It is well known that 普遍认为 It is generally considered that有人建议 Itis suggested that

22、1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow. 2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.在英语语言中，被动语态是极常见的语言现象，人们进行语言交际，离不开对被动语态的使用，熟练掌握被动语态也为下一步学习打下良好的基础，在动词 -ing形式，不定式等结构中，都有被动式，都需要运用被动语态 的知识去理被动语态专项练习一、选择题( )1.a new library in our school last year?A. Is; built B. Was;

23、 built C. Does; build D. Did ; build( )2. An accident on this road last week.A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened()3.Cotton (棉花) in the southeast of China.A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow( )4.So far, the moon by man already.A. is visited B. will be visited C. has

24、been visited D. was visited( )5.A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week.A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives( )6.How many trees this year?A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted( )7.A lot of things by people to save the little girl now.A. are do

25、ing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done( )8.-When this kind of computers? -Last year.A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used()9.The Great Wall all over the world.A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known()10.Who this book?A. did; writtenB. was; written byC. did; writtenD. wa

26、s; written()11.A story by Granny yesterday.A. was told usB. was told to usC. is told usD. told us( )12.The monkey was seen off the tree.A. jumpB. jumpsC. jumpedD. to jump( )13.The school bag behind the chair.A. putsB. can be put C. can be putted D. can put()14.Older people well.A. looks after B. mus

27、t be looked after C. must look after D. looked after()15.Our teacher carefully.A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened16. This is Ted ' s photo. We miss him a lot. He trying t o save a child in the earthquake.A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing1

28、7. Rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D . had been cut18. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology so rapidly.A. is changing B. has changed C.will have changed D. wil

29、l change19. Hundreds of jobs if the factory closes.A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose20. A new cinema here. They hope to finish it next month.A. will be builtB. is built C. has been builtD. is being built21. A new house at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being built C. been

30、 built D. be building22. This bike last year.A. bought B. has been bought C. was bought D. had been bought23. Did you see the house that by fire last year?A. was destroying B. destroyed C. would destroy D. was destroyed24. It whether she will get her work in the hospital.A. hasn ' t been decided

31、 B. isn ' t deciding C. doesn ' t decide D. hasn ' t decided25. The pen me. It is hers.A. isn ' t belong to B. wasn ' t belong to C. doesn ' t belong to D. didn tbelong to26. I can ' t use my bike because it.A. is repairing B. is being repaired C. will repair D. was repai

32、ring二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)26.1 's said( 据说)that the long bridge (build ) in two months .2. Where to have the meeting(discuss ) now .3. Which language the most widely (speak ) in the world ?4. The lost boy (not find ) so far .5. Last year a large number of trees ( cut) down .6. The stu

33、dents often(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.7. The old man is ill. He(must send) to the hospital.8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits(sell) in this shop.9. What knives (make) of ?They(make) of metal(金属)and wood.10. Can the magazine(take) out of the library?11. The room(clean) by me every day.

34、12. The stars can ' t(see) in the daytime.13. Some flowers(water) by Li Ming already.14. This kind of shoes(sell) well.15. How long your uncle(be) in the city?16. The food(smell) delicious. 17. Look! Someone(dance).三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。（同义句转换）1.Is tea grown in South China ?(改为主动语态) people tea in Sou

35、th China2.1 am given a birthday present by my parents every year10A birthday presentby my parents every year3.The work is going to be finished in two days.（对划线提问 ）How the work going to be finished ?4 . The children will sing an English song.（改为被动语态）An English song by the children.5 . You needn't

36、 do it now.（改为被动语态 ）It by you now.6 . People use metal for making machines.（改为被动语态 ）Metal making machines.7 . He made me do that for him.（改为被动语态）I that for him.8 .They are watching the football match. The football match by them.9 .Did they build a bridge here a year ago?（改为被动语态）a bridge here by them a year ago?10 .They have sold out the light green dresses.（改为被动语态）The light green dresses out.11 .We call t he game "Lianliankan'改为被动语态）The game "Lianliankan " by us.四、根据所给汉语完成句子