PETS-3真题2009上

1、The United States is a confederation of states. Each state has the (26) to make laws with regard to the state. (27), based on public opinion, states can (28) policies regarding education, and they may (29) a state income tax; they also determine the speed (30), housing codes, and the drinking age.In

2、 most parts of the United States, you (31) be 21 years old to buy alcohol in a liquor store, bar, (32) restaurant. in some states you may buy beer in a grocery store. If a store sells alcohol to a minor, the (33) of the store is usually (34) a large sum of money. (35), many areas have an open-contai

3、ner law, (36) means that people may not drink alcohol on the street or in a car. Anyone (37) with an open container of alcohol may be arrested.(38), with all of these laws, the (39) of alcohol is a serious (40) in the United States and Canada. Drinking on college campuses, (41) there are many undera

4、ge drinkers has (42) greatly. In fact, alcohol sales have gone up (43) the legal drinking age was (44) from 18 to 21. Some people believe that if there were no legal drinking age, (45) in some other countries, North American youth would drink less. 26.a privilege b advantage c right d tradition

5、27.a as a result b for example c in other words d in this case28.a demand b disagree c discuss d determine 29.a collect b issue c demand d implement30.a limit b control b control d regulation31.a can b shall b shall d must 32.a and b or c also d not33.a clerk b salesperson c owner d host34.a fined b

6、 charged c punished d suffered35.a in addition b in fact c in reality d in general36.a that b this c it d which37.a exposed b suspected b suspected d detected38.d detected b anyway c moreover d therefore39.a application b consumption c expenditure d usage40.a condition b crisis c question d problem4

7、1.a though b as c where d which32.a raised b increased c peaked d climaxed43.d climaxed b since c before d after44.a shifted b upgraded c uplifted d changed45.a same b for b for b fortext 1a pioneering study by Donald Appleyard made the surprise sudden increase in the volume of traffic through an ar

8、ea affects a sudden increase in crime does. Appleyard observed this by fir house in San Francisco that looked much alike and had middle-class and working-class residents. the difference was that only 2,000 cars a day ran down Octavia in Appleyards terminology while Gough Street (medium street) had 9

9、,000 cars a day and Franklin street (heavy street) had around 16,000 cars a day.Franklin street often had as many cars in an hour as Octavia street had in a day. Heavy traffic brought with it danger, noise, fumes, and soot, directly, and trash secondarily. That is, the cars didnt bring in much trash

10、, but when trash accumulated, residents seldom picked it up. The cars, Appleyard determined, reduced the amount of territory residents felt responsible for. Noise was a constant intrusion into their homes. Many Franklin street residents covered their doors and windows and spent most of their time in

11、 the rear of their houses. most families with children had already left.Conditions on Octavia Street were much different. Residents picked up trash. They sat on their front steps and chatted with neighbors. they had three times as many friends and twice as many acquaintances as the people on Frankli

12、n.On Gough Street, residents said that the old feeling of community was disappearing as traffic increased. People were becoming more and more preoccupied with their own lives. A number of families had recently moved. And more were considering it. Those who were staying expressed deep regret at the d

13、estruction of their community. 46.Appleyards study focuses on the influence of _.a.traffic volume on the residentsb.rate of crime on the neighborhoodc.social classes on the transportationd.degree of pollution on the environment47.appleyard discovered that increase in the volume of traffic _.a.made p

14、eople more violentb.would lead to increase in crimec.was accompanied by increase in crimed.had the same effect on people as increase in crime48.the authors main purpose in the second paragraph is to _.a.discuss the problem of handling trashb.suggest ways to cope with traffic problemsc.point out the

15、disadvantages of heavy pose an alternative system of transportation49.people on gough street _.a.felt sorry that their block had been pulled downb.felt indifferent about people moving outc.thought their old community was goned.thought mostly of themselves50.what can we learn about frankl

16、in streeta.it is not a nice neighborhood for childreb.people often throw trash out as they drive througc.people there have made friends with people on octavid.people there own twice as many cars as people on gough streetext 2imagine, if you will, the average games player. What do you see a guy who n

17、ever grew up or a nervous 18-year-old pushing buttons on his controller, lost and alone in a violent onscreen world. sorry, you lose. The average gamer is starting to look pretty much like the average person. for the first time, according to a us poll commissioned by aol games, roughly half of those

18、 surveyed, ages 12 to 55, are tapping away at some kind of electronic gamewhether on a pc, a cell phone or another handheld devicefor an average of three hours every week.The games people play say a lot about who they are. machines like the xbox and playstation 2 are largely the territory of twenty-

19、something men, who prefer to picture themselves as sports stars and racing drivers. men 50 and older prefer military games. teenage girls are much more likely than boys to play games on their phone, while older women make up the majority of people playing card games such as hearts on line.is it a go

20、od thing, all this time spent on games or is it as harmful as television, pulling people ever further from reality the aol survey suggests some players are in denial about the extent of their habit. one in 10 gamers find it impossible to resist games; 1 in 4 admits to losing a nights sleep to play g

21、ames; and another quarter has been too absorbed to have meals. but dont think were all heading into a world with everyone plugged into, if not totally controlled by, his own game. quite the contrary: gamers appear to be more engaged with reality than other kinds of couch potatoes. according to a com

22、prehensive survey by the entertainment software association (esa-whose members, of course, want you to think video games are healthy), gamers spend an average of 23 hours a week volunteering and going to church, concerts, museums and other cultural events. more enthusiastic gamers who play 11 hours

23、a week or more spend ever more time out in the cultural world (34 hours). 51. the aol survey finds that electronic games _.a.do not present a violent onscreen worldb.no longer keep gamers from growing upc.are no longer exclusive to young peopled.are not as popular with teenagers as before52.who does

24、 the author say tend to identify themselves with the characters in the gamea.teenage girlb.older womec.men in their 20d.men 50 and olde53.when asked about the extent of their habit, some players _.a.refused to provide an answer to this questionb.denied they were affected by electronic gamesc.wondere

25、d why they were asked such a questiond.stressed their interest in playing electronic games54.it can be inferred from the text that _.a.electronic games are less harmful than televisionb.television viewers are more realistic than gamersc.television is more popular than electronic gamesd.gamers have l

26、ess self-control than tv viewers55.according to the writer, the esa members _.a.have sufficient knowledge of gamesb.think their games are healthy productsc.serve as the role models for game playersd.are concerned about gamers' cultural activitiesthe ostrich, the largest bird in the world at pres

27、ent, lives in the drier regions of africa outside the actual deserts. because of its very long, powerful legs and the floating effect of its extended wings, it is able to run at great speed over considerable distances.the female ostrich normally produces about twenty eggs every rainy season. when th

28、e female ostrich begins to lay her eggs, however, she does not begin in her own nest. instead she goes off in search of the nests of neighboring females and lays two or three eggs in each of them. by the time she has laid eight or nine eggs, she returns and lays the rest in her own nest.because of t

29、he size of the eggs, the female ostrich cannot lay more than one every two days, so it takes her three weeks to finish laying in her own nest. during that period, she spends a lot of time away from her nest looking for food. and while she is off her nest, other females visit it to lay their eggs amo

30、ngst hers. by the time she is ready to sit on the eggs to hatch them, there could be up to thirty eggs in her nest, over half of which are not her own.the female ostrich can comfortably cover only about twenty eggs when she is sitting on the nest so before settling down she pushes the surplus ten or

31、 so eggs out of the nest. the rejected eggs, however, never include any of her own. each female is remarkably consistent in the size and shape of the eggs she produces, so it is not difficult for her to distinguish her own from those of strangers.of all the eggs laid by a colony of ostriches, only a

32、 very small number hatch into young birds. there are times when nests are left unprotected, for there are too few males to sit on all the nests at night. thus there are ample opportunities for their natural enemies to raid the nests and eat the eggs. in fact, nearly 80% of the nests are destroyed. b

33、ut even if a particular females nest suffers this fate, there is a good chance that one or two of her eggs will be hatched in the nest of one of her neighbors. 56.we learn from the text that an ostrich can go a long distance at high speed as _.a.it is a special kind of birdb.it lives in large desert

34、 areasc.it has special wings and legsd.it is the largest bird in the world57.normally, in every rainy season, the female ostrich produces about _.a.12 eggs in her nestb.18 eggs in her nestc.20 eggs in her nestd.30 eggs in her nest58.the female ostrich would push some of the eggs out of her nest beca

35、use _.a.she can only hatch her own eggsb.those eggs are unlikely to be hatchedc.those eggs are to be hatched by othersd.she can only hatch a limited number of eggs59.the female ostrich identifies her own eggs by their size and _.a.colorb.numberc.shaped.weight60.the female ostrich lays her eggs in he

36、r neighbors' nests most probably because _.a.her nest -is not big enoughb.she cannot protect all her eggsc.she cannot tolerate all her eggsd.her nest is not comfortable enoughdirections: read the opinions given by five scholars on challenges facing todays single women. for questions 61 to 65, ma

37、tch the name of each scholar (61 to 65) to one of the statements (a to g) given below. mark your answers on answer sheet 1.what the women i spoke with said was that they want a husband who is independent and dedicated to his career, but that he doesnt have to make a lot of money. the emphasis was al

38、ways on finding a best frienda soul matesomeone you could tell all your troubles to and who would be supportive. so it doesnt seem to be the case that these women were looking for super high-achieving men.grise levisoni think that for women, as well as for men, the standard for someone who youd want

39、 to spend your life with depends much more today on emotional intimacy. it takes some trial and error and a pretty long and dedicated search to identify the kind of person who is emotionally matching you and who is able to communicate and listen to trouble talk.marry brownin recent decades girls hav

40、e been raised to be more competitive and stronger than they were in the past. several women i talked to mentioned that in their life they felt that their intelligence or intellectual achievement seemed to work against them in their romantic relationships with men. however, most of the women i interv

41、iewed felt that there were some men "out there" who would be attracted to smart women. the problem was finding them.donna smithi think, for the women i talked to, their ultimate sense of what they want in life includes family and children, but they arent willing to think about the fact tha

42、t they therefore will probably have to give up some of their own individual pursuits and career goals. i think the definition of success includes both love and work, and that the challenge is how to arrange that in a particular order.elizabeth budyi think that people who have clone at least some of

43、the things that are essential for a wise judgment about a partner are more likely to eventually end up in a stable marriage. its also true that theyre likely to marry someone who is similar to them in education and earning power, which means that those marriages are likely to have more money in them

44、.now match the name of each scholar (61 to 65) to the appropriate statement.note: there are two extra statements.statementsa career success is in fact not a disadvantage.b the ability to choose a right partner ensures a stable mar riage.c how to balance career with family is key to success.d the ess

45、ential part of marriage is the union of soul.e finding an emotionally intimate mate isnt a piece of cake.f career success ensures a solid marriage.g social assistance is needed for todays single women.61._62._63._64._65._ section writingdirections: you should write your responses to both part a and

46、part b of this section on answer sheet 2.part a1. your friend li Ming has written to invite you to go to his hometown together with him and you are willing to accept his invitation. write a reply to li ming, 1. to express your appreciation and acceptance of his invitation; 2. to ask about his schedu

47、le for the trip; 3. to ask about what necessary preparations you need to make. you should write approximately 100 words. do not sign your name at the end of your letter. use "wang lin" instead. you do not need to write the address.  2. below is a picture showing rubbish left in a park

48、. look at the picture and write an essay of about 120 words making reference to the following points: 1. a description of the picture; 2. your comment on this picture and suggested solutions to the problem.26.答案:c解析 本题考查名词的用法。根据题意，美国是一个联邦制国家，各州拥有立法权，应该用 right。privilege“特权”；advantage“优势”；tradition“传统

49、”，都与题意不符。所以答案为c。27.答案:b解析 本题考查列举例子的表述方法。根据题意，美国各州都有立法权，下面就举例说明。应该用for example，所以答案为b。28.d解析 本题考查动词的用法。根据题意，各州可以根据公众的意见(民意)就教育问题制定政策。应该用determine，所以答案为d。29.a解析 本题考查动词的用法。根据题意，各州可以征收所得税。应该用collect，所以答案为a。30.a解析 本题考查名词的用法。根据题意，各州可以决定车速上限，应该用limit。control “控制”；role“规则”；regulation“规章”，均不符合题意，所以答案为a。31.d解

50、析 本题考查情态动词的用法。根据题意，在美国大部分地区，年龄必须达到21岁才会被允许到商店等地买酒。这是具有法律强制约束力的，要用must，所以答案为d。32.b解析 本题考查连词的用法。酒店、酒吧和饭店是并列的关系，要用or，所以答案为b。33.c解析 本题考查名词的用法。根据题意，任何一家商店给未成年人出售酒精，店主将被罚款，而不是收银员、售货员。owner体现了人与商店之间的所有关系，而host指主人，表达不明确。所以答案为c。34.a解析 解析 本题考查动词的用法。根据题意，任何一家商店给未成年人出售酒精，店主将被罚款，应该用fine的过去分词形式表示被动。所以答案为a。35.a解析

51、本题考查连词的用法。根据上下文可以判断，下文讲述的要比前面的情况更严重。应该用 in addition，所以答案为a。36.d解析 本题考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。which指代了前面一句话，所以答案为d。37.c解析 本题考查动词的过去分词短语作后置定语的用法。题意为“任何人一旦被抓到携带敞开的酒精容器将被逮捕。”caught“抓到”，有被当场发觉或被逮个正着的意思，符合题意。 exposed“被暴露”；suspected“被怀疑”；detected“被发现”。所以答案为c。38.a解析 本题考查连词的用法。这里为让步关系，应该用nevertheless最好，所以答案为a。39.b解析

52、本题考查名词的用法。根据题意，酒的消费在美国和加拿大是一个严重的问题，应该用consumption，所以答案为b。40.d解析 本题考查名词的用法。根据题意，问题应该用problem而不用question，所以答案为d。41.c解析 本题考查定语从句关系副词where的用法。根据题意，大学校园是很多还未达到法定饮酒年龄的学生聚集的地方。所以答案为c。42.b解析 本题考查动词的用法。根据题意，大学校园内饮酒人群的数量在增长，应该用has increased greatly，所以答案为b。43.b解析 本题考查since用于完成时的用法。根据题意，酒精的销量自从饮酒年龄限制被上调以后不减反增，所

53、以答案为b。44.c解析 本题考查动词被动语态的用法。根据题意，酒精的销量自从饮酒年龄限制被从18岁上调至21岁以后不减反增，uplift“提高，抬高”，符合题意；upgrade“升级”，虽也有提高的意思，但多指提高服务质量、档次等。shift和change都不体现改变的方向。所以答案为c。45.c解析 本题考查连词as的用法。根据题意，一些人相信，如果和其他国家一样，如果没有对饮酒的年龄限制的话，北美国家的饮酒数量应该会减少。所以答案为c。46.a解析 文章主旨题。第一段第一句介绍了appleyard研究的主要关注点，由a pioneering study by donald appleya

54、rd made the surprise sudden increase可知答案为a。47d解析 细节题。由第一段第一句a sudden increase in crime does可知答案为d。48.c解析 段落大意题。第二段里用很大的篇幅描写了heavy traffic会带来的问题，比如 danger，noise，fumes等等，所以第二段的主要目的是指出交通拥挤所带来的问题。49.c解析 段落大意题。第二段里用很大的篇幅描写了heavy traffic会带来的问题，比如 danger，noise，fumes等等，所以第二段的主要目的是指出交通拥挤所带来的问题。50.a解析 细节题。由第二

55、段最后一句most families with children had already left这就说明了家长意识到了franklin street的文化氛围不适合孩子，这与a选项符合。51.c解析 细节题。由第一段第七句可知不止年轻人在玩游戏，玩游戏的人涉及很广的年龄段。所以答案为c。52.c解析 细节题。第二段第二句可知像xbox和playstation这些类型的游戏机是二十几岁人的领域，他们喜欢把启己想象成体育明星和赛车手。所以答案为c。53.b解析 细节题。第三段谈到the aol survey suggestssome players are in denial about the

56、 ex- tent of their habit随后就说了人们受到游戏对他们不同程度的影响。可知这些人否认受电子游戏影响。所以答案为b。54.a解析 推理判断题。由第三段，作者提问or is it as harmful as television，pulling people ever further from reality第四段but dont think were all heading into a world with everyone plugged into，if not totally controlled by，his own game可推测电子游戏没有电视对人的影响大。55.b解析 细节理解题。由最后一段可知他们认为，玩他们游戏的人比不玩游戏的人更乐于参与到现实活动中。故他们认为他们的游戏是健康产品。56.c解析 细节题。根据第一段最后一句可知由于鸵鸟极长而有力的腿和