产品表现技法03.(透视)

1、表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved1透 视表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technol

2、ogy Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved21.1.透视的研究透视的研究表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved3透视学在平面上再现空间感、立体感的在平面上再现空间感、立体感的方法及相关的科学。方法及相关的科学。

3、 广义透视学：广义透视学：指各种空间表现的方法；狭义透视学狭义透视学：特指14世纪逐步确立的描绘物体，再现空间的线透视和其他科学透视的方法。现代则由于对人的视知觉的研究，拓展了透视学的范畴、内容。 表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved4广义透视学：广义透视学： 方法在距今3万年前已

4、出现，在线性透视出现之前，有多种透视法。u纵透视。将平面上离视者远的物体画在离视者近的物体上面。u斜透视。离视者远的物体，沿斜轴线向上延伸。u重叠法。前景物体在后景物体之上。u近大远小法，将远的物体画得比近处的同等物体小。u近缩法。有意缩小近部，防止由于近部透视正常而挡远部的表现。u空气透视法。物体距离越远，形象越模糊；或一定距离外物体偏蓝，越远越偏色重，也可归于色彩透视法。u色彩透视法。因空气阻隔，同颜色物体距近则鲜明，距远则色彩灰淡。 表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression

5、 Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved5n狭义透视学狭义透视学(即线性透视学)方法是文艺复兴时代的产物，即合乎科学规则地再现物体的实际空间位置。这种系统总结研究物体形状变化和规律的方法，是线性透视的基础。n15世纪意大利画家L.B.阿尔贝蒂的画论叙述了绘画的数学基础，论述了透视的重要性。n同期的意大利画家皮耶罗德拉弗兰切斯卡对透视学最有贡献。n德国画家A.丢勒把几何学运用到艺术中来，使这一门科学获得理论上的发展。n18世纪末，法国工程师

6、蒙许创立的直角投影画法，完成了正确描绘任何物体及其空间位置的作图方法，即线性透视。nL.达芬奇还通过实例研究，创造了科学的空气透视和隐形透视，n这些成果总称透视学。n因物体对眼睛的作用有3个属性，即形状、色彩和体积，因距离远近不同呈现的透视现象主要为缩小、变色和模糊消失。丢勒正在用一块半透明的画布，透过望远镜来画罐子的外轮廓丢勒正在用一块半透明的画布，透过望远镜来画罐子的外轮廓表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electroni

7、c Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved6相应的透视学研究对象为：n 物体的透视形（轮廓线），即上、下、左、右、前、后不同距离形的变化和缩小的原因（线透视）线透视）n 距离造成的色彩变化，即色彩透视和空气透视色彩透视和空气透视的科学化；n 物体在不同距离上的模糊程度，即隐形透视。隐形透视。n 现代绘画所着重研究的是线透视线透视，而线透视重点是焦点透视，它描绘一只眼固定一个方向所见的景物。它具有较完整较系统的理论和不同的作图方法。n 另外还有焦点为多个的散点透视，散点透视，在中国画中有特殊的名称，纵向升

8、降展开的称高远法；横向高低展开的称平远法；远近距离展开的画法，称深远法。表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved7透视透视 线透视线透视 散点透视散点透视 隐没透视隐没透视 空气透视空气透视 西方绘画只有一个焦点，西方绘画只有一个焦点，一般画的视域只有一般画的视域只有6060度，度，就

9、是人眼固定不动时能就是人眼固定不动时能看到的范围，视域角度看到的范围，视域角度过大的景物则不能包括过大的景物则不能包括到画面中，如同照相。到画面中，如同照相。中国画中国画是散点透视法，是散点透视法，即一个画面中可以有许即一个画面中可以有许多焦点，如同一边走一多焦点，如同一边走一边看，每一段可以有一边看，每一段可以有一个焦点，因此可以画非个焦点，因此可以画非常长的长卷或立轴，视常长的长卷或立轴，视域范围无限扩大。域范围无限扩大。 用颜色的鲜用颜色的鲜明度的大小明度的大小表现物体的表现物体的远近：近处远近：近处物体色彩鲜物体色彩鲜明，越远的明，越远的物体越失去物体越失去原来的颜色原来的颜色 用物体

10、清晰度用物体清晰度的大小表现物的大小表现物体的远近，所体的远近，所谓谓“远山无坡，远山无坡，远水无波，远远水无波，远树无枝，远人树无枝，远人无目无目”。 线透视线透视是一种把是一种把立体三维空间的立体三维空间的形象表现在二维形象表现在二维平面上的绘画方平面上的绘画方法，使观看的人法，使观看的人对平面的画有立对平面的画有立体感，如同透过体感，如同透过一个透明玻璃平一个透明玻璃平面看立体的景物面看立体的景物 表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin Universit

11、y of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved8n透视学的基本概念和常用名词很多，透视学的基本概念和常用名词很多，有视点、足点、画面、基面、基线、有视点、足点、画面、基面、基线、视角、视圈、点心、视心、视平线、视角、视圈、点心、视心、视平线、消灭点、消灭线、心点、距点、余消灭点、消灭线、心点、距点、余点、天点、地点、平行透视、成角点、天点、地点、平行透视、成角透视、仰视透视、俯视透视等透视、仰视透视、俯视透视等 表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c

12、 h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved92.透视的相关名词概念表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institu

13、te LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved10表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved11表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin

14、University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved12表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved13表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n

15、T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved14表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute Li

16、uWeiyuan Copyright Reserved15 3.常用透视 表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved16表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui L

17、in University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved17表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved18水平线灭点、心点、焦点表现技法与CAD E x p

18、r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved19一点透视表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&D

19、esign Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved20一点透视表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved21表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Ex

20、pression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved22表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved23表现技法与CAD E x

21、 p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved24二点透视表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&am

22、p;Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved25二点透视表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved26二点透视表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sk

23、etch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved27表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved28三点透视表

24、现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved29三点透视表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Techno

25、logy Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved30表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved31表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign

26、 Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved32表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved33表现

27、技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved34线的切割（例）表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Tech

28、nology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved35线的倍增和切割（例）表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved36线的倍增和切割（例）表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n

29、 i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved37表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan

30、Copyright Reserved38正和误表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved39表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University

31、of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved40表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved41表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i

32、 q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved42表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Co

33、pyright Reserved43表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved44表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of El

34、ectronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved45表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved464. 透视立方体的练习透视立方体的练习表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o

35、 n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyright Reserved47表现技法与CAD E x p r e s s i o n T e c h n i q u e sAndCADDesign Sketch Expression Gui Lin University of Electronic Technology Art&Design Institute LiuWeiyuan Copyrig