大学英语八级考试复习资料Euphemism17

1、EuphemismTheword"euphemism"comesfromGreekmeaning"tospeakfavorably"or"goodspeech".Euphemismsaremild,pleasant,neutral,orinoffensiveexpressionsusedinsteadofharsh,blunt,coarse,orunpleasantones.Theyareoftenusedoutofcourtesyorconsiderationforotherpeople'sfeelings.Aeuphemi

2、smisanexpressionintendedbythespeakertobelessoffensive,disturbing,ortroublingtothelistenerthanthewordorphraseitreplaces.easymoney来路不明的钱海洛因boy（男孩）可卡因girl（女孩）arainingdaywoman大麻烟吗啡WhitenurseMissEmma（爱玛小姐）“Oneofmykidswrotefour-letterwordsinhiscomposition,”saidtheteacher.老师说，“我的一个学生在作文里写脏词。”Hisrelationwit

3、hhiswifehasnotbeenfortunate.他与妻子关系不融洽。1) .OfficialnesePolitics&EuphemismThegovernmentuseslanguagetopropagandizeideas,todouble-talk,toobscurethe“real”meaningthroughs-ucgoaartingandevasiveness日本侵略我们中国，他们也不用（invade）一词改头换面地说成involvement（进入）在战争中失败（defeated）retreat（撤退）thepoornations:theSouththeThirdWo

4、rldTheFourthWorldthedevelopingnationstheunderdevelopednations经济危机（economiccrisis）轻描淡写地称为recession（经济衰退）或depression（不景气）工人罢工（strike）industrialdispute（工业上的争端）死刑（deathpenalty）capitalpunishmentaperiodofeconomicadjustment经济调整期=经济萧条Substandardhousing（非标准住房）/unfithouse（不宜居住房屋）=slumThefollowingaretheeuphemi

5、smsfavoredbytheWesternnewspapersasregardstotheunpleasantwordssuchas"poor","old","dismissed"and"defeated",etc.Theunderprivileged=poorDisadvantaged=poorNegativesaverlowincomefamilies低收入家庭=落后thepoor:theculturallydisadvantagedtheculturallydeprivedthedeprivedthedis

6、advantagedtheindigenttheneedytheunderprivilegedamemberofthelowersocioeconomicbracket（apoorperson）.Badlyoff短缺的lesswelloff不太宽裕downonone'siuCk!不济hardupformoney缺钱穷人have-nots不富有的人amanofmodestmeans财产不多的人negativesaver积蓄为负值的人negativeprivileged负向享受权益的人汉语手头紧手头不便囊中羞涩作者用outofpocket委婉地代替poor这一羞于启齿之词。Shestart

7、edaclinicforunderprivilegedchildren.她为贫困儿童开办了一个诊所。Manyyoungcriminalscomefromunderprivilegedbackgrounds.许多少年犯都来自社会的下层。dieto passed away to be no moreto depart to be goneto go to sleepto join the majorityto go to heaven to go west4togotoglory疾病(disease)疾病当然也是人们讨厌的事物，在英美受教育的人中，一些疾病是需要用委婉语的。Lookoffcolor

8、(气色不好，实指身体有病)undertheweather(在恶劣天气条件下，实指健康欠佳)socialdisease(社会病，实指性病)notallthere(神志不清，实指有精神病)。2) OccupationaleuphemismSanitaryengineer/Pipeengineer(plumber)Meattechnologist(butcher)Researchconsultant(fileclerk)Funeraldirector(undertaker)3) SchooleuphemismLie:showsdifficultyindistinguishingbetweenimag

9、inaryandfactualmaterialCheat:needshelpinlearningtoadheretorulesandstandardsoffairplaySteal:needshelpinlearningtorespectthepropertyrightsofothersunder-achiever(aschool-childwhoisbackward).lowerabilitygroup(slowlearners).lessablechildren弱智儿童=智力低下的儿童考试成绩差abelowaveragestudent或workingonhisownlevel反应比较迟钝的

10、叫candobetterwithhelp考试作弊tocheatintheexamdependonotherstodohiswork委婉法(Euphemism)委婉法是用含蓄、委婉的言词来表达对方不愿谈及、可能使对方不快或对对方不够尊敬的意思。如：Wehavetwodifficultieswithregardtothedocument.对这份文件，我们有两个不便同意之处。说“有两个不便同意之处”，实际上是在说“有两点反对意见”，这里两者在含义上是一样的、，但前者使用了委婉法，比后者要委婉多了，既表达了自己的观点，同时也不会使对方难堪，显得礼貌温和。又如：Theylaiddowntheirlivesinthewar.(Theywerekilledinthewar.)Thegirlishardofhearing.(Thegirlisdeaf.)I'mafraidhehasmisrepresented(distorted)thefact.(I'mafra