英语中简单句的基本句型

1、句子的成分句子的成分Members of the Sentence 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，包括：主语、的成分，包括：主语、 谓语、表语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 主语主语和和谓语谓语是句子的主体部分。是句子的主体部分。主语主语The Subject主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示句主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示句子所说的是子所说的是“什么人什么人”或或“什么事什么事物物”，一般由，一般由名词、代词、不定式名词、代词、不定式或或相当于相当于名词的词或

2、短语名词的词或短语等充当。主语等充当。主语一般在一般在句首句首。 Gina is from Australia.Lucy is an American girl.She often goes to the movies.We study in No.1 Middle School.The classroom is very clean.Three plus five equals eight.To teach them English is my job.It is my job to teach them English.不定式作主语时，常用形式主语不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型句型G

3、ina, Lucy,She,We,The classroom,Three plus five,To teach them English谓谓 语语The Predicate 说明主语说明主语“做什么做什么”、“是什么是什么”或者或者“怎么样怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须用主要的词）必须用动词动词。谓语和主语。谓语和主语在在“人称人称”和和“数数”两方面必须一致。两方面必须一致。 谓语一般在主语谓语一般在主语后后面。面。We are both quiet.He has a toothache.His parents are teachers.She looks wel

4、l.We study hard.We have finished the job.He can speak English.are quiet;has a toothache;are teachers;looks well;study;have finished;can speak表表 语语The Predicative 说明主语说明主语“是什么是什么”或者或者“怎么怎么样样”，由，由名词、形容词名词、形容词或或相当于名词相当于名词或形容词的词或短语或形容词的词或短语等充当，和系动等充当，和系动词一起构成谓语。词一起构成谓语。 一般在一般在系动词后面系动词后面。Her mother is a

5、bank clerk.Are you ready?Our country is getting stronger.You look younger than before.They are at home now.My book is on the desk.Everybody is here.a bank clerk;ready;getting stronger;younger;at home;on the desk;here宾宾 语语The Object 表示表示动作、行为的对象动作、行为的对象，由，由名词、名词、代词代词或或相当于名词的词或短语相当于名词的词或短语等充当，等充当，和和及物

6、及物动词一起说明主语动词一起说明主语“做什么做什么”。 一般在一般在谓语之后谓语之后。 All of us like him.Hes playing soccer.Can I ask some questions?She is playing the piano now.He often helps me.Lucy likes to sleep in the open air.We enjoy living in China.him;soccer;questions;the piano;me;to sleep;living定语定语The Attribute 用来修饰用来修饰名词名词或或代词代词

7、。由形容词、代。由形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语不定式或相当词、数词、名词、介词短语不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等充当。于形容词的词或短语等充当。 因为名词、代词既可做主语，又可做因为名词、代词既可做主语，又可做表语、宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡表语、宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。I have something to do.Whats your name,please?Shes a good basketball player.The girl behind the tree is my sister.The littl

8、e boy gave me a big apple.The black bike is mine.They made paper flower.to do;your;good;behind the tree;little, big;black;paper状语状语The Adverbial 用来修饰用来修饰动词动词、形容词形容词或或副词副词，一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语、不介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词定式或相当于副词的词或短语等来充当。或短语等来充当。People are all

9、working hard.Beijing is not very cold in winter.He did it carefully.Without his help,we couldnt work it out.Suddenly it began to rain.He sat there smoking.all,hard;very,in winter;carefully;Without his help;Suddenly;there smoking补补 语语 英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后加表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后加上宾语补足语

10、才能表达完整的意思。上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。“宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语”合称复合宾语。合称复合宾语。宾语补足语主要用来说明宾语的特征、宾语补足语主要用来说明宾语的特征、状态或身份，主要由形容词、名词、状态或身份，主要由形容词、名词、副词、介词短语、分词等充当。副词、介词短语、分词等充当。I found it very difficult to find work.Yesterday he got his leg broken.We found Lily out when we arrived.The boss kept them working all day.I saw a s

11、tranger enter the building.If you let me go,I will make you king.Leave the door open.very difficult;broken;out;working;enter the building;king;openS+ Link. V +P 主主+系系+表表S + Vi. 主主+谓谓S + Vt + O 主主+谓谓+宾宾S+Vt+Oi+Od 主主+谓谓+ 间接宾间接宾+ 直接宾直接宾S+Vt+O+C 主主+ 谓谓+ 宾宾+ 宾补宾补 1.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语（表语（ S+Link.V+P ），说），说 明主

12、语的特征、类属、状态、身份。明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。You are students.We are in the classroom.We are good friends, arent we? 常用系动词有：常用系动词有：be, seem, keep, stay, look, smell, taste, sound, feel, become, get, turn等。等。2.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词 ( S + Vi. )They study hard.注：注：不及物动词不能用于被动语态。不及物动词不能用于被动语态。 The car accident was happened

13、yesterday.You will graduate next year.The sun rises in the east.3.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语（宾语（S+Vt+O） I like my job very much. He grew some vegetables. Each of you has a dream . 注：及物动词可用于被动语态注：及物动词可用于被动语态A great deal of water is used by people in that city.People use a great deal of water in that city.（主动语态

14、主动语态）（被动语态被动语态）4.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语 (S+Vt+Oi+Od) Who can find the eraser for me? Pass the eraser to me. bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask, buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, sing, save等。等。常跟双宾语的动词：常跟双宾语的动词：Who can find me the eraser?Pass

15、 me the eraser. They named the dog Bobo.I find him interesting.You should get him to help you.We saw them dancing.5.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾补宾补(S+Vt+O+C) 注：可用作宾补的词有：名词、形容词、注：可用作宾补的词有：名词、形容词、 副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词。副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词。简简单单句句的的基基本本句句型型1.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语2.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词 3.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语4.主语主语+

16、及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语 +直接宾语直接宾语5.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语 +宾宾 语补足语语补足语 句子成分随堂练习句子成分随堂练习 找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分Last week I went to the supermarket.Last week I went to the supermarket. 状状 主主 谓谓 状状The play was very interesting.The play was very interesting. 主主 系状表系状表I cant hear a word.I cant hear a word.

17、 主谓主谓 宾宾They were talking loudly.They were talking loudly. 主主 谓谓 状状It was Sunday.It was Sunday. 主主 系系 表表I never get up early on Sundays.I never get up early on Sundays. 主状谓状状主状谓状状I looked at the young man and the young woman angrily.I looked at the young man and the 主谓主谓 宾宾young woman angrily. 宾宾 状状

18、I read a few lines,but I didnt understand a word.I read a few lines,but I didnt 主主 谓谓 定定 宾宾 连连 主谓主谓understand a word. 谓谓 宾宾My holidays passed quickly,but I didnt send cards to my friends.My holidays passed quickly,but I 主谓状主谓状 连主连主didnt send cards to my friends.谓谓 宾宾 宾宾I got up early and bought thirty cards.I got up early and bought thirty cards. 主谓主谓 状状 连连 谓谓 定定 宾宾He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a grea