英语阅读理解词义猜测练习

1、阅读理解生词猜测实例 1. 根据定义或解释说明猜测词义1) A resolute man is a person who once makes up his mind to do sth , he wont give up half way .2) Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly .3) An expedition is a long , organized trip or journey which is made into an unfa

2、miliar area for a particular purpose by a group of people.4) At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy .5) Although Rao made a reasonable offer of help to her, Jones accepted it reluctantly, with unwillingness.6) Some myths , which are the stories handed down from ancient times and

3、include the early beliefs of nation, are widely spread around the world.7) Of all other sciences and that arithmetic, which is the science of numbers, is the base of mathematics. 2. 通过同义词或同类词说明其意，一般用逗号将它与前面的生词隔开。1) Luckily, most of the ailments (illness) that people suffer from can be treated at hom

4、e with little or no medicine.2) Microwaves- the radio waves that we use for communications- travel in straight line.3) I think he is old-fashioned , thinking too much of old ways and ideas .4) We are on the night shift - from midnight to 8:00 am- this week . 3. 通过对比去推断生词。如转折词：but , however , yet , o

5、therwise , though；1) Most of them agreed, however, I dissented. 2) Most people object to the plan ; only a few are for it .3) Though Toms face has been washed quite clean , his neck still remains grubby .4) One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information .

6、 Quite the reverse , business , politics , life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information .4. 逻辑推理1) Just before the exam, Joes hands shook and sweated so much that he could not hold a pen. His heart beat fast and stomach ached, even though he knew the subject very

7、 well. He really had a strange phobia about taking tests.2) The noise was so faint that it was impossible to be sure what it was or even where it came from. 3) The boy was charged for stabbing his father with a knife, but nobody really saw him kill his father with a knife. 4） Kate was young and attr

8、active. Therefore, she was almost always the cynosure of all attention the moment she appeared in the public place.5) The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow .6) Computers are now being used to direct traffic in the sky , find minerals in soil , control

9、 robots at work , diagnose diseases , analyze chemicals and make movies . 7) As computers are used more and more at work , and some jobs are eliminated , people will have to be retrained for new jobs . 5. 利用词与词之间的一般与具体的关系（也称实例与总称的关系）推测生词词义。举实例时，常见的短语有:such as, for example, including, included,等。1) M

10、ost animals have one way or another of protecting themselves from beingattacked, the hedgehog, for example, may roll itself up into a tight ball; its sharp spines discourage any attack. 2) Not every car, bus, jeep, or other kinds of vehicle can be made in the factory. 3) You can take any of the peri

11、odicals : The World of English , Foreign Language Teaching in Schools , or English Learning .6. 结构分析这个手段就是借助语法知识，猜测词义。例如：There are some erroneous answers on the students test paper, but there are not enough wrong answers to fail him. 7. 经验体会这个手段就是借助我们自己的常识和生活经验来推测词义。如：1) Abraham was about 2.34 meter

12、s tall and , no matter where he went, he was always careful of his head. One day when he got through the door of his friends house,he hit his head on the lintel and hurt himself much. 2) Afraid of waking the baby up , she tiptoed out of the room .3) We begin to lose calcium from our bone cells by th

13、e time we are 50 years old . Our bones get weaker and can break more easily . This condition is called osteoporosis . The older a person is , the more calcium is lost . 8. 比喻猜测在阅读过程中，我们常会碰到一些这样的词组或语句，如：as sharp as a knife; as firm as a rock ; When they were sure that the children were sound asleep,

14、the parents slipped like robbers into their bedrooms, and left the presents near their beds.9. 有时用于说明和解释生词的词语之前有that is, namely, for instance, for example, in other words等提示词。The material was made of blocks of pure graphite, that is , the lead we use in our pencils.10. 据构词法 The American idea of the

15、future is limited , however . It is the foreseeable future and not the future of involving (牵连) many centuries .中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super- (超)，inter-(在之间)，-able(能的)，mini-(极小的，微型的)，re-(再，反复)，sub-(底下)，co-(共同)，post-(后)，pre-(前)，trans-(超越，转换)，under-(在之下，低于,不足)，-hood(状态，性质，时期)，-ish(如的，有点儿的)，-proof(防的，不能穿透的)，-s

16、cape(景)，-ship (身份，资格，权力，性质)，-some(易于的)，-wards (向),mis-(误，恶)，anti-(反，防)，un-(不，非)，in-(不，非)，im-(不，非)，dis-(不)，-less(无，不)等。我们可据此来猜测单词的含义： superman , superstar , minibus , unwelcome , nonnatural , homeless , westwards , comfortable , subway , subsoil , antiwar , cooperation , incomplete , international ,

17、microwave , mispronounce , multinational , transplant , knowledgeable , dreamlike , topmost , waterproof , streetscape , friendship , educative 等。 据“合成词”的规律猜测 英语中有合成名词、合成动词、合成形容词、合成副词四种合成词汇。多数词义一目了然，当然，少数词义较隐晦，仅从构词形式无法猜出，应结合上下文来猜测。例：“美钞”、“体察民情的”、“脑力劳动的产物（口语）”这三个词分别是greenback , streetwise , brainchil

18、d ,对它们的词义，需要从文章的整体内容上把握。至于下列合成词：猜起来就容易多了： 合成动词：illtreat , heattreat , whitewash , uphold , safeguard ; 合成副词：beforehand , underfoot , somewhat ; 合成形容词：skin-deep , brickbuilt , English-speaking , offshore , one-way , long-distance , easy-going , ill-equipped , evergreen , everlasting ; 合成名词：highland ,

19、 pickpocket , daybreak , toothpick , sleeping-car , hard-landing , townpeople , salesgirl ;阅读理解实例之答案解析1. 据定义或解释说明猜测词义1) resolute 意志坚强的 ；2) Annealing退火；3) expedition 探险队、远征队；4) prime 顶峰 ；5) reluctantly不情愿；6) 从后面的非限制性定语从句可知myth的词义的“神话”。7) arithmetic 算术；2. 通过同义词或同类词说明其意，一般用逗号将它与前面的生词隔开。3) ailments 疾病(i

20、llness) 4) Microwaves微波 3）old-fashioned 老式的，过时的，守旧的；4）night-shift夜班3. 通过对比去推断生词。如转折词：but , however , yet , otherwise , though；1) However表示出agreed 与 dissented互为反义， 即为disagree. 2) 与be for 相反，意为“反对”；3） grubby 肮脏的.4） 注意句中的perfect information 和imperfect information ，可知该过渡词意为“正好相反”。4. 逻辑推理1) phobia .通过正推可

21、知，phobia意为:“恐惧症”。2) faint 根据“that”从句所表达的“不可能肯定（噪音）是什么，甚至来自何方”，前后呼应，我们可以反推出其原因是“（声音）太微弱”。因此faint 的意思是“微弱的”。3) stabbing . 意为“用刀子捅”；4) 抓住therefore这个表示结果的词，就可以猜出该词可能是“焦点”的意思。5） turbid 浑浊的 shallow 浅的6) 从该句的动宾排比，可推断出diagnose diseases是计算机使用的目的之一，可知此处译为“诊断”比“治疗”或“对付”更好。因为，计算机直接用来治疗疾病概率较低，它可控制治疗仪器，直接治病的是治疗仪，

22、同时，疾病诊断往往要分析大量的数据，用它不但准确且省时，“对付”这词太笼统。7) 淘汰；5. 利用词与词之间的一般与具体的关系（也称实例与总称的关系）推测生词词义。举实例时，常见的短语有:such as, for example, including, included,等。1) 由上下文可知，hedgehog意为：“刺猬”。2) vehicle与 car, bus, jeep等是同等关系，所以vehicle的词义不会超出“陆地上的机动交通工具”。3) periodicals 期刊 .6. 结构分析这个手段就是借助语法知识，猜测词义。我们可以根据全句结构和词语之间的语法关系，即这是一个由but

23、连接两个there be句型组成的并列句。由此，可以推断出erroneous与wrong是同义。7. 经验体验这个手段就是借助我们自己的常识和生活经验来推测词义。lintel “门楣”。tiptoe踮着脚尖走，蹑手蹑脚；calcium钙；osteoporosis骨质疏松；8. 比喻猜测在阅读过程中，我们常会碰到一些这样的词组或语句，如：as sharp锋利 as a knife; as firm坚硬 as a rock ; 由下文的比喻可知,slipped意为“悄悄地溜到某处”。9. 有时用于说明和解释生词的词语之前有that is, namely, for instance, for exa

24、mple, in other words等提示词。graphite石墨， lead 铅笔心10. 据构词法 foreseeable 可预见的.猜词是克服词汇量不足的一种补救措施，是排除生词给阅读造成障碍的一种应急方法，但绝不是瞎猜乱猜。猜词的能力取决于：1、读者已掌握词汇的数量；2、读者掌握语言结构知识的熟练程度；3、读者逻辑推理的能力。总之，要想准确确定生词的词义，就要做到：上下文中找提示，构词知识要牢记，同反义词需对比，转折递进合逻辑。上述几种常用的猜词方法只有通过同学们平时有意识地、经常性地实践运用，才能最终形成一种潜意识的能力。测试 AWhen the weather gets col

25、d , we change our clothes . We put on woolen dresses and suits , and we add nice warm overcoats . But animals cant put on extra clothing to keep them warm . How do you think they manage to adapt to changes in temperature ? The underlined word “adapt ” in the passage means _ .A. 加强 B. 适应 C. 形成 D. 采纳

26、BComputer hackers represent another threat (威胁). Last February , high tech marauders were able to steal thousands of passwords from Internet ; this would allow them to read hundreds of personal files , including E-mail. Such break-in could result in anything from a small inconvenience to a loss of p

27、rivacy .Question : In this passage the underlined word means _ .A. operators B. engineers C. thieves D. managers C LONDON Tuesday April 11 Dustin Hoffmans fan Pamela Crack got the shock of her life when the movie star telephoned her as she was doing her housework . Crack , 58 , said she was “flabber

28、gasted” the moment / when she picked up the phone and heard the star at the other end .What does the word “flabbergasted” in the first paragraph probably mean ?A. pleased B. honored C. frightened D. surprisedDMany people imagine that cover-up means you dont get a tan . Nothing to show for your holid

29、ay . What a shame !Not so . With cover-up , you can get brown if you want to . The point of cover-up is to protect your skin from damaging rays of the sun the ones which , according to the doctors , make your skin look older .The phrase “get a tan ” in the first paragraph means _ .A. keep away from

30、the sun on your holiday . B. become darker because of sunshineC. look younger after your holiday D. show you have been in the sun E Natias voice was a whisper . “ I understand English . I will learn . ” Natias English was perfect .Kate was perplexed . She couldnt understand why Nadia did not like to

31、 speak. Then she realized that moving to a new country probably wasnt the easiest thing to do. There were hundreds of unfamiliar and unusual things to learn all at the same time. The underlined word “perplexed” probably means _.A. puzzled B. angry C. shocked D. serious F( Now , it is time to realize that animal