高三英语冲刺阶段语法解题技巧的几点建议

1、高三英语冲刺阶段语法解题技巧的几点建议浦东新区谢忠平英语教师培训基地学员、沪新中学 高 瑾高三学生在临近高考之际，往往深陷题海不能自拔，有些学生甚至只懂得机械地跟着老师的步伐做题、讲题、订正，完全缺乏自己思考、消化、巩固的过程，因此进入了“瓶颈期”甚至“阻塞期”。难怪有些学生抱怨自己无论做了多少题目成绩也不见涨，甚至对于语法等基础的题型也没有十足的把握了。我认为，要想顺利走出这段痛苦的时期，重拾信心，顺利地向终点冲刺，一定要跳脱题海的束缚，高瞻远瞩地审视考题，全方位地梳理高考知识点，而不应一味地着眼于题目本身。打开自己的思路和眼界能够帮助你达到事半功倍的效果。下面笔者就如何有效地抓住高考语法得

2、分点、得高分甚至不失分谈几点行之有效的建议。一、固定搭配，硬性记忆，重在积累如果有心研究一下最近三年的上海高考全真试题，不难发现语法考察点主要集中在非谓语动词、复合句以及时态语态这三方面，我们俗称为“三巨头”。但是，基于高考试题的严密性、科学性以及综合性，其中有很多知识点是防不胜防的，这就需要我们日常的积累和整理记忆，答题时才能稳稳地拿到分。比如：(2008上海卷25）The two sportsmen congratulated each other _ winning the match by shaking hands. A. withB. onC. inD. to考察的是congrat

3、ulate sb. on doing sth. 的固定搭配(2009上海卷39）David threatened _ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid. A. to be reportedB. reportingC. to reportD. having reported考察的是 threaten to do 扬言要做某事(2010上海卷32）I had great difficulty _ the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant. A. findB. fou

4、ndC. to findD. findinghave great difficulty (in) doing sth. 的固定结构总之，练习做不胜做，唯有平时多积累、勤整理，才能不打无准备之仗，所谓知己知彼百战不殆。二、联系语境，字字推敲进一步研究近年上海高考语法题，不难发现这样一个趋势：越来越轻语法结构、重语意理解。这就要求学生耐心地读完整句话，字斟句酌地捕捉住每一个细节、最后定夺答案。在解决时态语态题时，尤其需要学生做到这一点，对语境有一个整体的把握。比如：(2010上海卷31）The church tower which _ will be open to tourists soon.

5、The work is almost finished. A. has restoredB. has been restored C. is restoringD. is being restored由前文的“will be open soon”和后文的 “is almost finished”推断出还没有被重建好，所以答案选B。(2009上海卷29）Mary went to the box office at lunch time, but all the tickets _out. A. would sellB. had sold C. have soldD. was selling由前文

6、的”went to”推断整个句子的语境是发生在过去的事情，由后文的”but”便可知结果是出人意料的，票在之前就售完了。故答案选B当然，对句意的准确理解离不开词汇，为了避免“词到用时方恨少”，归根结底还是要靠平时多积累，将必备的高考词汇烂熟于胸。三、简化题干，排除干扰，找准主体细细统计一下近几年的高考题，很容易发现非谓语动词的考题要占据16题中的4到5题之多，所以把握住这个“巨头“才是关键。有些“谈非谓语”即“色变”的同学，不妨用用上述的技巧来解决以下两题：(2010上海卷40)Thai is the only way we can imagine _ the overuse of water

7、in students bathrooms. A. reducingB. to reduceC. reducedD. reduce找准句子的主体部分是the only way to do sth. 的结构，we can imagine是修饰the only way的定语从句，省略了关系代词。故答案选B(2008上海卷35）Something as simple as _ some cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressure. A. to drinkB. drinkingC. to be drinking D. drunk找准句子的谓语

8、部分是clear your mind，故之前的部分充当整个句子的主语，用动名词。答案选B 四、还原再现，补充成分，便于理解这种方法也同样适用于解决非谓语动词的考题，如若运用得当，有些考虑半天都没有结果的问题便能迎刃而解了。再以两道高考真题为例：(2010浙江卷)The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _ regularly, can improve our health. A. being carried outB. carrying outC. carried outD, to carry out将非谓语还原成条件状语

9、从句 if (it is) carried out regularly，便可知答案选C(2002全国）The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 同理，还原成once (the research is) begun，便可知答案选D，这样的话也就容易知道这里的“once”为“一旦”之意，不会产生歧义了。当然，若要熟练地使用方法三和四，轻而易举地找到句子的主体部分和挖掘其精髓，跟平时的有效训练是分不开

10、的，这就要求我们养成做题时勤思考勤总结的好习惯，才能使你拥有一双慧眼，独辟蹊径。五、句法篇高考复合句的考题无非是考察学生对名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的掌握程度。现将一些心得分享给大家，不妨以高考真题为例检测其是否好用。名词性从句：明辨成分（缺什么补什么，什么都不缺用that)(2008上海卷34）As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about _ he will do or think. A. what B. which C. whom D. that宾语从句中缺do和think的宾语,故答案选A(2009上海卷40）As a n

11、ew diplomat, he often thinks of _ he can react more appropriately on such occasion. A. whatB. whichC. thatD. how宾语从句中缺少方式状语，故答案选D. how 必须指出的是，很多同学犯错的原因是不清楚 “react”是不及物动词，于是也分析不清句子的成分。所以，归根结底平时在背词汇手册的时候，不仅要关注词义还要关注词性。定语从句：紧抓“两词”（先行词和关系词)和“成分”(2009上海卷34）Mozarts birthplace and the house _ he composed “

12、The Magic Flute” are both museums now. A. whereB. whenC. thereD. which不难看出，先行词 “birthplace and the house”在定语从句中充当地点状语，故选用表示地点的关系副词，答案选A(2008上海卷38）We went through a period _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. A. whichB. whoseC. in whichD. with which先行词 “period”在后面从句中充当时间状语，可以还原成 “

13、communications were very difficult in the rural areas in that period. 从这道题我们可以看出，我们也可以使用关系副词 “when”，在选对关系词的时候也要兼顾介词的搭配。状语从句：理解句意，找准连词状语从句的连词种类繁多，很多同学容易混淆，其实只要你紧紧抓住“意思”两字不放，它也就不会成为你的拦路虎了。就拿下面两题为例：(2008上海卷40）_ well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing. A. HoweverB. WhateverC. No matterD. Although不妨将他翻译一下“无论你准备的多么充分，登山时还需要好运。”同时，还要注意however这个词引导让步状语需要倒装的特殊性: however+adj./adv.+主语+谓语，也就不会将答案A误选为D了。(2010上海卷39）_ our manager objects to Toms joining the club, we shall accept him as a member. A. Unt