联英语英式美式和印式英语的区别上

1、美联英语提供：美联英语：英式、美式和印式英语的区别（上）There are several areas in which British and American spelling are different. The differences often come about because British English has tended to keep the spelling of words it has absorbed from other languages (e.g. French), while American English has adapted the spell

2、ing to reflect the way that the words actually sound when they're spoken.英式英语和美式英语的拼写在某些地方不尽相同。原因是英式英语更倾向于保留外来语（如法语）的拼写，而美式英语的拼写反映了单词的实际发音。If you're writing for British readers, you should only use British spellings. In one or two cases, the preferred American spellings are acceptable in Bri

3、tish English as well, especially the -ize/-ization endings. While you can use both the -ise/-isation or the -ize/ization endings in British English, it's important to stick to one style or the other throughout the same piece of writing.如果你的读者是英国人，那么就应该使用英式拼写。偶尔几种美式拼写也能被英式英语接受，特别是以-ize/-ization结尾

4、的单词。英式英语中可以使用以-ise/-isation或-ize/ization结尾的单词，但重要的是在一篇文章内保持同一种拼写方式。Here are the main ways in which British and American spelling are different.以下是英式和美式拼写的主要不同。Words ending in re以-re结尾的单词British English words that end in -re often end in -er in American English:英式英语中以-re结尾的单词通常在美式英语中以-er结尾。British

5、60;UScentre centerfibre fiberlitre litertheatre theater/theatreWords ending in our以-our结尾的单词British English words ending in -our usually end in -or in American English:英式英语中以-our结尾的单词通常在美式英语中以-or结尾。British UScolour colorflavour flavorhumour humorlabour la

6、borWords ending in -ize or ise以ize或ise结尾的单词Verbs in British English that can be spelled with either -ize or -ise at the end are always spelled with -ize at the end in American English:英式英语中以-ize或-ise结尾的动词都是合乎拼写规则的。但在美式英语中，它们总是以-ize结尾。British USapologize/apologise apologizeorganize/organise

7、 organizerecognize/recognise recognizeWords ending in yse以-yse结尾的单词Verbs in British English that end in -yse are always spelled -yze in American English:英式英语中以-yse结尾的单词在美式英语中总是以-yze结尾。British USanalyse analyzebreathalyse breathalyzeparalyse paralyzeWords ending in a vow

8、el plus l以元音 l结尾的单词In British spelling, verbs ending in a vowel plus l double the l when adding endings that begin with a vowel. In American English, the l is not doubled:英式英语中，在以元音 l结尾的单词后面加上由元音开始的后缀时，l要重复1次。美式英语则没有这一要求。British UStravel traveltravelled traveledtraveller traveler

9、Words spelled with double vowels含有2个连在一起的元音字母的单词British English words that are spelled with the double vowels ae or oe are just spelled with an e in American English:英式英语中含有ae或oe的单词在美式英语中只写作e。British USleukaemia leukemiamanoeuvre maneuveroestrogen estrogenNote that in American En

10、glish, certain terms, such as archaeology, keep the ae spelling as standard, although the spelling with just the e (i.e. archeology) is usually acceptable as well.注意：美式英语中，一些专有名词如archaeology还是会保持标准的写法，虽然只写e(例如archeology)也不是不能接受。Nouns ending with ence以-ence结尾的名词Some nouns that end with -ence in Briti

11、sh English are spelled -ense in American English:英式英语中某些以-ence结尾的名词在美式英语中以-ense结尾。British USdefence defenselicence licenseoffence offenseNouns ending with ogue以-ogue结尾的名词Some nouns that end with -ogue in British English end with either -og or ogue in American English:英式英语中某些以-ogu

12、e结尾的名词在美式英语中以-og或ogue结尾。British USanalogue analog/analoguecatalogue catalog/cataloguedialogue dialog/dialogueThe distinctions here are not hard and fast. The spelling analogue is acceptable but not very common in American English; catalog has become the US norm, but catalogue is

13、not uncommon; dialogue is still preferred over dialog.上面这条规则并非一成不变。Analogue可以接受但在美式英语中并不常见。Catalog已经成为美式标准，而catalogue也很常见。人们更愿意使用dialogue而非dialog。Aside from spelling differences, many items and practices have different names in British and American English.除了上述的拼写区别，英式英语和美式英语也有许多用词方面的不同。在开始介绍印度英语的特点

14、之前，先让我们看几个由印度英语的独特发音而引发的趣闻。有一则笑话广泛流传：某印度男士在自我介绍时说，我30岁（thirty），我太太也30岁；但听起来像是“我很脏（dirty），我太太也很脏”。另有一则外交趣闻：英国前首相撒切尔夫人在南亚访问时，当被访国领导人用英语讲完话后，撒切尔夫人低声问在座的英国大使：“他刚才讲的是什么？”还有一件趣事，说的是一个印度人到美国后搭了一个美国人的便车，一上车就开始滔滔不绝地用印度英语对这个美国人高谈阔论，到达目的地后美国人却对印度人说：“Would you please speak in English？”笔者也有过跟印度人交流的经历。早年，一位印度访客来北

15、京，为方便联系，笔者问他下榻宾馆的房间号码，他回答：Du Du Delei。笔者一脸茫然，请他重复。这时，他说话的速度明显放慢：Du DuDeLei。幸好旁边有人作了翻译，原来是223（two two three）。由这些事例可见，印度英语的发音确实很特别。这或许真的跟那里的人们喜欢吃咖喱有关？听不懂印度英语让许多人很是烦恼。其实，印度英语的发音并非无规律可循。或许是大量食用辛辣食物和受当地气候影响的缘故，南亚居民在讲英语时，一般都会把清辅音读成浊辅音。他们会把k发成g，p发成b，t发成d。因为当K、P、T是单词的首字母时发音不送气，听起来就像是在发g，b和d，所以talk听起来像dog，ca

16、r听起来像gar。南亚人习惯把r发成颤音（trill）或滚音（roll），即把舌尖朝着上齿龈不断振动这是祖祖辈辈喜好吃咖喱的人的特殊本事。因此，这一地区的人在说two hundred的时候，听起来就像是“du hang de re de”（杜-杭-德-雷-德），让人不知所云。许多南亚人不分v和w，也不分n和。因此，很难分辨出他们口中why（为什么）和vie（竞争）的读音差别；sin（罪）和sing（唱）听起来也像同音词。在印度英语中，人们倾向于把和ð发成t和d。因此，thought和taught有时听起来一模一样，而Heather（女子名）听起来就像是header（足球运动中的“头球

17、”）。除了发音特点之外，印度英语的词汇也值得一提。这些带有南亚文化特征的词汇已被英语词典收录。例如：有些词虽然由标准英语成分构成，但是，讲标准英语的人未必能理解这些印度英语词汇的含义，如：还有一些是被赋予新义的英语单词，如：drumstick（绿色蔬菜），jack（支持、影响），stand first（考试名列前茅），communal（对立教族之间的），interdine（和不同种姓、宗教的人同席就餐），intermarriage（不同宗教徒间的通婚）等。此外，由本土语言和英语成分混合而成的例子有：caste mark（种姓标记），lathi stick （印度军警的铁皮竹棍），newspaper wallah（卖报人），purdah woman（戴面