油类记录簿记录析及中英对照港口国管理船舶检查要点

1、油类记录簿记录析在每次PSC检查中油类记录簿成为必须查项目。据MARPOL73/78防污公约I 2条6项；缔约国政府主管当局可以对停本国港口或附近海装卸站的适合本国附则任何船舶检查油类记录簿并可将该记录簿的任何记录录制成副本。也可要求船长证明该副本是该项记录的真实副本。凡经船长证明为船上油类记录簿中某项真实副本者，将在法律诉讼成为该项记录中所述的事实证据。油类记录簿作为法律依据的文本，正确的记录是非常必要的。（一）1；记录前的准备； 认真学习MARPOL73/78防污公约它即是船舶防污标准也是各PSC检查的依据。该公约是船舶必备的图书资料之一，轮机部人员应借阅并反复学习，找出本适合的条例，熟知

2、防污知识、排污标准和设备的具体要求，对禁排区、特殊区域等有清楚的认识。2；仔细查阅IOPP证书；IOPP证书是船舶国际防止油污证书。方格内X表示是及适用，填入一表示否及不适用。该证书由船长保管。任职轮机长必须直接向船长借阅并复印一份保存。油类记录簿中船舶的船名，编号或呼号，各残油的舱室类别、名称、编号、容积、污水舱（柜）的类别、位置、容积都在其中明确标明。记录油类记录簿应以该证书中提供的名称、参数为依据，不得随便更名，改变参数。而防污设备如；有报警和自动仃止装置15PPM滤油设备，油水分离/滤油设备，该系统最大排量M3/h,油渣焚烧炉,处理能力L/h等防污设备功能也在证书中明确注明。记录油类记

3、录簿应以证书中提供的防污设备的能力为标准依据,设备的使用记录不可超出证书中的能力参数。3;查阅留船的加油单据 全球范围内船用燃油质量低劣,在供油商所提供的报告单中,柴油单据详细注明了水,灰份,总沉淀物的含量等。而燃油单据中往往不注明总沉淀物的含量。一般而言船东会向正规的油公司提出燃油质量要求。如按ISO8217;1996(E)RME标准,180cst的燃油15时密度为991.0kg/m3,总沉淀物,水,灰分的最大含量分别为0.1,10.1理论上净化1.0M3的燃油产生的油水渣最多为1.2,其中大部分是水。实际记录中最好对油渣舱实测,并定时将水抽到污水舱中。(二) 关了C项;残油的收集和处理C1

4、1项记录的舱柜仅指IOPP证书中第三项一所列出的油舱。首先要分清三个英语单词,RESIDUFS-泛指油渣,残油。SLUDGE -专指净油机分离出的油泥。BILGE WATER-则是含油污水。C11,1项指包括焚烧炉污油柜在内的所有SLUDGE柜。记录要求短航线每周记录一次残油(渣)量。长航线时因油渣舱舱容有限,油渣柜中的水需要定期抽出。油泥驳至焚烧炉油柜中焚烧等。建议每周记录一次存量为佳。由于美国海岸警备队USCG,巴黎协约国组织PAIRS MOU要求抵港时留存油渣量不得超过油舱舱容50,因而欧美航线的轮机长需注意此项。一般而言当油渣舱留存油泥达80时应尽早转驳上岸接收。C11,2项则指除SL

5、UDGE柜以外残油柜。C12项的记录例表如下: Name operation process11.1 Fuel oil sludge tank no25/10.0m3/5.5m3 incinerator setting tank no37/6.5m3/3.0m3C (other sludge tank) no18/2.5m3/0.7m3.11.2 Bilge oil tank no12/20.0m3/12.5m3 dirty oil tank no18/2.5m3/0.7m3.And again next weekC 11.1 Fuel oil sludge tank no25/10.0m3/

6、6.5m3 incinerator setting tank no37/6.5m3/3.0m3(other sludge tank) no18/2.5m3/1.3m3 .HamburgC 12.1 5.0m3 sludge from fuel oil sludge tank no25 to barge entsorger 1.5m3 retained onboard.C 12.2 1.0m3 from fuel oil sludge tank no 25 to incinerator setting tank no 37/4.0m3.C 12.2 2.0m3 water from sludge

7、 tank to bilge holding tank.C 12.3 Burning sludge between 0800h-1600h 480 liters from incinerator setting tank.D 13. 4.0m31 4 1300h-1500h15.2 Lat ( ) lon ( ) of beginLat ( ) lon ( ) of enC 12.2 100 Liters to dirty oil tank 5.5m3D 13 10.0m3 from engine room bilge14 1500h-1700h15.4 To bilge holding ta

8、nk no 9/10m3/12m3.H 27.1 Port of Amsterdam27.2 1700h-2340h27.3 180cst FO500M/T to NO.3 FO Tank/600m3400M/T to NO.4 FO Tank/500m3500M/T to NO.6 FO Tank/600m3Total FO tank 1700m3I Burning 2.5kg oily ragsBetween 0830h-0930h(三)关于D项:机器处所积存的舱底水非自动方式排出舷外或其它处理经15ppm设备排放污水时,在油水分离器顶部,堆积着分离出的污油,当达到一定容量时排油电磁伐动作

9、,污油流回污油舱中,故应在记录排水D项同时附加一个C12.2记录如上表.排放污水时最好的方式是先将机舱污水抽至污水舱中,再由油水分离器排出,这样经过测量污水舱可算出准确的排出量.(四)关于H项: 加装燃油或散装滑油我国现用的油类记录簿H27.3项附注与MARPOL73/78项附注有冲突,我国为STATE QUANTITY ADDED AND TOTAL QUANTITY OF TANK(S) （说明油舱的加油数量和总存量）。公约为STATE QUANTITY ADDED AND TOTAL CONTENT OF TANK（S）。 （说明补充的数量和总容量）。建议H27.3项以公约为准。记录如上

10、表。（五）关于I项：补礼作业程序一般说明正常情况下含油污物的焚烧，油水分离器滤芯清洗，更换可记入I项中，如上表最后一项表述。油类记录簿的记载实例及格式:排机舱污水,通过15PPM油水分离器. 代码D记述如下: 先填写日期栏12TH/FEB 2006D 13 Discharged 1M3 bilge water.14 Started at 08:00 AM and stopped at 09:00 AM.15.1 Started at 32。11.3N; 124。06.7E.Stopped at 32。26.0N; 124。18.3E.装滑油如下: 代码H 记述如下:H 27.1 Ying ko

11、u port of china27.2 Started At 16:00 PM, Finished at 16:45 PM.散装滑油,27.3 Added M/E lub oil 3000 L to M/E LO tank. Total 3500L in LOtank.捅装滑油,27.3 Added all lub oil:SULMAR 40 170KG/DRUM×15 DRUMS.HYDROSO 68 170KG/DRUM×1 DRUM.装燃油:H 27.1 BU SAN port of KOREA.27.2 Started at 16:30 PM; stopped at

12、 18:30 PM.27.3 Added 25 tons DO to (P)(S) DO tank.Total quantity DO (P)(S) tank is 35 tons.27.3 Added 75 tons FO to (P)(S) FO tank.Total quantity FO (P)(S) tank is 92.8 tons.收集残油: 代码C记述如下; 在代码前日期栏内填写日期,17TH/FEB C 11.1 Sludge tank capacity of tank 3.95M3Total quantity of retention 0.85M3.11.2 FO slud

13、ge tank capacity of tank 5.26M3.Total quantity of retention 0.8M3.11.3 LO sludge tank capacity of tank 3.95M3.Total quantity of retention 0.6M3.船船供应F.O油量的计算方法如下:F.O加温后的驳入到收受F.O船舶这时的比重C2(即供油的比重)的求法公式: C2=供油单据标明的比重一(加热温度一原始温度×0.00065)举例说明:C2=0.9895单据比重一(35一15×0.00065)=0.9895一(20×0.00065

14、)=0.9895一(0.013)=0.9765这0.9765就是供油船加热到35时供应到接受船舶时的油量结算的温度.月份简写:1.JAN 4.APR 7.JUL 10.OCT2.FEB 5.MAY 8.AUG 11.NOV3.MAR 6.JUN 9.SEP 12.DEC中英对照港口国管理船舶检查要点(中远香港集团有限公司)(一) 港口国管理介绍 PORT STATE CONTROL1.港口国管理概要 OUTLINE OF THE PORT STATE CONTROL港口当局上船进行检验包括依据下述公约要求检查证书,文件,船体和机器,设备状态以及有关设备,仪器的操作要求.THE PORT AUT

15、HORITIES CARRY OUT INSPECTIONS WHICHCONSIST OF VISIT ON BOARD A SHIP FOR CHECKING THECERTIFICATES, DOCUMENTS, CONDITION OF HULL AND MACHINERY,ND EQUIPMENTS, AND THE OPERATIONALREQUIREMENTS IN THEIR CONTROL PROCEDURES INACCORDANCE WITH THE RELEVANT INSTRUMENTS ASMENTIONED BELOW.如果发现缺陷会影响安全,卫生和环境,港国当局

16、会要求在开航前修妥甚至滞留船舶直至修妥,并将采取的行动通知船旗国.THE PORT AUTHORITIES ALL OVER THE WORLD HAVEESTABLISHED PORT STATE CONTROL SYSTEMS AND ENHANCED THE INSPECTIONS AT THE PORTS IN ORDER TO AVOID SUBSTANDARD SHIPS.如缺陷在当地港口不能修妥,在不危害安全,卫生和环境的情况下,可允许开往下港修妥.港口当局会通知下港主管机关和船旗国.WHERE DEFICIENCIES CANNOT BE REMEDIED IN THE POR

17、TOF INSPECTION, THE PORT AUTHORITY MAY ALLOW THE SHIP TO PROCEED TO ANOTHER PORT FOR REPAIRS, IF IT ISENSURED THAT THE SHIP CAN PROCEED WITHOUT DANGER TO SAFETY, HEALTH OR ENVIRONMENT. IN SUCH A CASE, THE PORT AUTHORITY WILL NOTIFY THE COMPETENT AUTHORITY WILL NOTIFY THE COMPETENT AUTHORITY OF THE N

18、EXT PORT OF CALL AND FLAG STATE OF THE ACTION TAKEN.2.港口国管理适用的公约APPLICABLE INSTRUMENTS AT THE PORT STATE CONTROL为了达到港口国管理的目的,港口当局将依据下列公约进行检查;FOR THE PURPOSE OF PORT STATE CONTROL, THE PORTAUTHORITIES WILL APPLY IN GENERAL THE FOLLOWINGINSTRUMENTS.(1)1966年国际载重线公约(LL)THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON LO

19、AD LINE, 1966(LL);(2)1966年国际载重线公约1988年议定书THE PROTOCOL OF 1988 RELATING TO THE LL;(3)1974年国际海上人命安全公约(SOLAS74)THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA, 1974 (SOLAS74);(4) 1974年国际海上人命安全公约1978年议定书THE PROTOCOL OF 1978 RELATING TO THE SOLAS74;(5) 1974年国际海上人命安全公约1988年议定书THE PROTOCOL OF 19

20、88 RELATING TO THE SOLAS74;(6)1973年国际防止船舶污染公约及1978年议定书(MA RPOL73/78)THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE PREVENTION OFPOLLUTION FROM SHIPS, 1973(MARPOL73), AS MODIFIED BY THE PROTOCOL OF 1978 RELATING THERETO;(7)1978年国际海员培训,发证和值班标准公约(STCW)THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON STANDARDS OF TRAINING CERTIFI

21、CATION AND WATCHKEEPING FOR SEAFARERS, 1978 (STCW);(8)1972年国际海上避碰规则公约(COLREG72)THE CONVENTION ON THE INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR PREVENTING CONLLISION AT SEA, 1972(COLREG72);(9)1976年商船(最低标准)公约(国际劳工组织公约第147号)THE MERCHANT SHIPPING (MINIMUM STANDARDS) CONVENTION,1976 (ILO CONVENTION NO.147);3.对船长的建议

22、ADVICE TO THE MASTER(1)船长应定期检查船舶状态特别是在抵港前.THE MASTER SHALL CHECK THE CONDITION OF HIS SHIPREGULARLY AND ESPECIALLY BEFORE ARRIVAL AT A PORT.(2)船长应认真地执行常规保养使船舶处于良好状态.THE MASTER SHALL CARRY OUT THE ROUTINE MAINTENANCE SERIOUSLY AND KEEP THE SHIP ALWAYS IN GOOD CONDITION.(3)船长应特别注意船体和甲板上会腐蚀的结构,设备,包括空气管

23、,舱口围壁,舱盖,舷墙和通风管.THE MASTER SHALL PAY SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THE POSSIBLE DETERIORATION OF ALL THE HULL STRUCTURES AND FITTING ON THE WEATHER DECK, INCLUDING AIR PIPES, HATCH COAMINGS, HATCH COVERS, BULWARKS AND VENTILATORS.(4)通过定期训练和演习,船长和船员要清楚地掌握救生艇的吊放程序,启动艇机的方法,应急救火泵和其它有关安全,卫生和环境的应急设备之操作方法.船长和船上负责人员

24、要明确知道主机,舵机和其它重要机器的操作,也要熟悉有关MARPOL公约的设备,例如:油水分离器的控制系统,15PPM报警器,排油监控系统和隋性气体系统.THE MASTER AND THE CREW SHALL FULLY UNDERSTAND THE OPERA TING PROCEDURES FOR LAUNCHING LIFEBOATS EINCLUDING THE ENGINE STARTING, EMERGENCY FIRE PUMP, AND OTHER EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT FOR SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT, THROUGH

25、REGULAR TRAINING OF THE CREW AND DRILLS ON BOARD THE SHIP.THE MASTER AND THE CREW IN CHARGE SHALL ALSO FULLY UNDERSTAND THE OPERATION OF THE MAIN ENGINE,STEERING GEAR AND OTHER ESSENTIAL MACHINERY, AND THE OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR EQUIPMENT RELATING TO MARPOL CONVENTION, SUCH AS CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR OILY WATER SEPARATOR, 15PPM ALARM, OIL DISCHARGE MONITORING SYSTEM (ODM) AND INERT GAS SYSTEM.(5)如船员是由不国籍的人员组长的,应建立一套利于通话的程序.IN CASE OF A CREW CO