金属热物性参数

1、表1 各种金属的热物性值金 属温 度 ° C比 热cal/(g·°C)导热系数cal/(cm·s·°C)密度r(g/cm3)液相线、固相线温度(°C)纯 铁25200400769800100015000.1070.1240.1450.3580.2300.1480.1800.1920.1520.1200.0740.0710.0700.032r=7.88(20°C) =7.3(1500°C) =7.0(1600°C)镇静钢(C0.08%)020040080012000.1120.1240.1420.

2、2300.1580.1420.1280.1070.0680.071r=7.86(15°C)软 钢(C0.23%)020040080012000.1120.1240.1420.2280.1580.1240.1160.1020.0620.071r=7.86(15°C)碳素结构钢(S35C)252004008000.1110.1250.1340.2850.1030.0950.0790.078中碳钢(C0.4%)020040080012000.1120.1220.1400.1480.1560.1240.1150.1000.0590.071r=7.85(15°C)共析钢(C

3、0.8%)020040080012000.1080.1280.1440.1460.1600.1190.1080.0910.0580.072r=7.85(15°C)工具钢(C1.2%)020040080012000.1080.1300.1420.1560.1560.1030.1020.0890.0570.068r=7.83(15°C)续表1 各种金属的热物性值金 属温 度 ° C 比 热cal/(g·°C)导热系数cal/(cm·s·°C)密度r(g/cm3)液相线、固相线温度(°C)Si2%钢020040

4、080012000.1200.1260.1440.3260.1600.0600.0720.0740.0600.070r=7.73(15°C)Ts=1488TL=1497Cr1%钢2020040080012000.1140.1240.1420.2060.1460.1060.0920.0620.072r=7.84(15°C)TS=1420TL=1520不锈钢(AISI 420)2020040080012000.1140.1190.1460.2140.1360.0530.0550.0580.0640.069r=7.7(15°C)13.1Cr,0.5NiTS=1399TL

5、=1454不锈钢(AISI 304)020040080012000.1180.1280.1360.1540.1600.0350.0430.0500.0630.0761820Cr,812NiTS=1399TL=1454过共晶灰口铸铁20200400800900（0.128）（0.134）（0.140）（0.168）（0.173）0.1540.1240.0940.0710.053r=7.0(15°C)比热相对于普通铸铁共晶灰口铸铁2020040080012000.1860.1410.1040.0700.036球墨铸铁2020040080010000.1190.1010.0870.0720

6、.0510.041r=7.1(15°C)金 属温 度 ° C比 热cal/(g·°C)导热系数cal/(cm·s·°C)密度r(g/cm3)液相线、固相线温度(°C)白口铸铁2020040080012000.0450.0510.0530.0470.048r=7.57.8(15°C)纯铜20200600100012000.0920.0930.1060.1150.9560.9310.8740.803r=8.92TS=TL=1083Cu90%Al10%2020060010000.1050.1110.1240.1

7、360.1220.1560.2330.310TS=1030TL=1042Cu70%Zn30%202006009000.0940.1000.1130.1230.2670.3490.3590.367TS=915TL=955 Cu60%Zn40%202006009000.0920.0970.1080.1160.3020.3460.3610.334TS=900TL=905Cu70%Ni30%2020060010000.0930.1010.1120.1230.0690.0880.1300.172TS=1170TL=1240Cu60%Ni40%20200600100012000.1010.1050.115

8、0.1250.1300.0560.0740.1130.1520.172TS=1227TL=1280纯铝202005006600.2150.2350.2680.2860.5650.5700.5290.508rs=2.70(15°C)TS=TM=660.2Al-Cu4.5%202005000.2100.2290.2610.4490.4490.461TS=502TL=638金 属温 度 ° C 比 热cal/(g·°C)导热系数cal/(cm·s·°C)密度r(g/cm3)液相线、固相线温度(°C)AlMg8%20200

9、4005000.2180.2380.2600.2710.1990.2860.3820.431TS=540TL=625纯镁202004006500.2460.2630.2880.3250.3730.3620.3530.346rs=1.74TL=TS=651Mg94.7Zn4.6 Zr0.7(相当于MC6)202004005490.2420.2640.3030.3410.2610.2960.3190.324TS=549TL=641Mg90.2Al9Zn0.6Mn0.2(相当于MC2)202004004680.2350.2610.2910.3000.0510.0560.0620.063TS=468T

10、L=616Inconel X(73Ni,15Cr,7Fe,2.5Ti,1Nb)2020060010000.1030.1150.1330.1970.0280.0350.0520.069rs=6.09TS=1395TL=1427耐盐酸镍基合金C600100012000.1260.1530.1670.0460.0700.074TS=1270TL=1305表2 铸型的热物性计算公式No视在物性值计算公式备注1浇注合金：铸铁硅砂干型，呋喃铸型2浇注合金：铸铝硅砂干砂，呋喃铸型3浇注合金：铸钢硅砂干型4浇注合金：铸钢硅砂呋喃铸型5硅砂6橄榄石砂7锆砂8铬砂9硅砂，干型，呋喃铸型600°C以下0.

11、385<e<0.4940.0058<DP<0.03790.03<W<0.0710硅砂，干型lc由No9的公式求得 浇注合金：铸钢硅砂，呋喃铸型浇注合金：铸钢11硅砂，膨润土7%，水分4%=1.5212硅砂=1.7313橄榄石砂，膨润土5.9%，水分3.3 %=1.8314铬砂膨润土3.9%,水分 2.1%=2.7815锆砂，膨润土3.8%,水分2.1=2.78表3 流动临界固相率 合 金 临界固相率 文 献 备 考Al-Si2.4% Si6.2%Al-Si3%0.660.78084考虑了浓化后决定固相率Al-Cu5.5%Al-Mg13.8%85根据浓度实测值

12、和杠杆定律算出固相率Al-Cu4.5%0.850.8786用谢依尔公式算出固相率AC2BAl-Si9%-Cu4%0.5(金属型)0.3(砂型)8789用谢依尔公式算出固相率Fe-C0.65%铜0.6980球墨铸铁0.7588没有说明数据的明确依据Al-4.5%Cu0.84(自由凝固)根据实测，Vc=0.032°C/sCu-8%SnCu-8%Sn-0.5%SiCu-8%Sn-2%Fe0.8 0.75 (自由凝固)0.8根据固相率与流过细管道的液体量测出,冷速Vc=0.03°C/sCu-8%Sn 0.430.44(金属型，型温373°C)根据固相率与流过细管道的液体量

13、测出铸 钢 0.65未说明依据铸钢，不锈钢 0.70未说明依据表4 部分砂型热物性数据表型 砂 组 成 l(cal/s.cm. °C)×102 C(cal/g°C) r(g/cm3) 说 明石英砂石 英 砂 0.0550.1390.1260.3101.6581.700515°C900°C，粒度50/100“干 砂”0.0780.1911.500未表明者为常温，下同“湿 砂”0.2710.5031.650石 英 砂0.1120.3630.1910.2811.776 黄 砂0.0670.0821.5801.700 石 英 砂0.0960.3360.

14、120.4560.0720.360.0620.3620.1410.1810.1680.2880.1680.2880.1680.2881.940.1840.1810.2811.7301.6341.4581.6021.6781.46001300°C01300°C01300°C干燥砂，16.5°C含水4.9%，18.9°C01100，T­®a¯锆砂 锆 砂0.1910.2510.2230.3910.1200.2100.1300.2022.8302.80001100，T­®a¯0900

15、6;C铬铁矿砂 铬铁矿砂0.1250.2930.1510.2302.6000900°C水玻璃砂石英砂+5%水玻璃0.6142.583铁浇注法，界面平均1143°C铬铁矿砂+水玻璃0.1390.165铬镁矿砂+水玻璃0.2030.2430.139钢浇注法钢浇注法石英砂+树脂钢浇注法石英砂+5%酚醛树脂0.1420.20228450°C石英砂+3%7%呋喃树脂0.1610.1370.2020.181.4801.63025550°C25550°C石英砂+2%呋喃树脂0.1220.231.480铝浇注法，666°C石英砂+1.5%呋喃树脂 0

16、.1870.1920.2420.250.260.261.440.4401.550铁浇注法，1155°C钢浇注法，1155°C钢浇注法，1155°C石英砂+1.5%树脂0.26200.180.230.260.180.261.6301.440钢浇注法，1155°C钢浇注法铬铁矿砂+1%树脂 0.1610.212.900钢浇注法铬砂+树脂铬砂+1%呋喃树脂 0.230.2620.130.172.880钢浇注法常温1490°C树脂砂石英砂+6% 水 玻 璃0.230.230.2520.2521.4501.5701.3901.6101.610铝浇注法，界

17、面平均660°C铝浇注法，界面平均660°C铁浇注法，界面平均1155°C铁浇注法，界面平均1155°C钢浇注法，界面平均1490°C 表5 典型金属材料的常温密度材 质密度(g/cm3)材 质密度(g/cm3)材 质密度(g/cm3)钢碳素钢不锈钢高速钢7.807.908.208.80灰口铸铁(中碳，铁素体基体)可锻铸铁7.257.27铝合金铝硅合金硬铝ADC102.602.802.71铸铁灰口铸铁(高碳，铁素体基体)球墨铸铁8.807.10铜合金7-3 黄铜6-4 黄铜高强度黄铜8.508.408.30锌合金ZDC26.60镁合金1.80表

18、6典型液体金属的物性值物 性 值低合金铸钢(1600°)普通铸铁(1400°C)纯 铝(700°C)纯 铜(1100°C) 纯 镁(700°C)液相线温度(°C)14001530112311306601083851密度(g/cm3)6.807.006.506.902.351.901.58比热0.150.220.260.120.29导热系数40 (纯铁)-10017080凝固潜热(J.g-1)251268209268394204230凝固收缩率(%)34-0.80.56.54.24.2表面张力()17009209001300560粘度(

19、mPa.s)6581.1241.2热辐射系数0.30.45(全辐射系数)0.30.45(全辐射系数)0.12(相对0.65mm 的波长)0.1(相对0.66mm的波长)-表示所给物性值的温度条件。表7 其它物质的热物性值物质名温度(°C)比 热导热系数密度r(g/cm3)粘度m(Pa.s),其它cal.g-1.°C-1cal.cm-1s-1°C-1干燥空气氮氢水汽缸油石 膏石 棉混凝土玻璃纤维砂 岩杉树条硅 砖锆 砖镁 砖渣渣 20 20 20 20 20 20 100 20 20 20 23 500 500 100010001500100015000.240.2

20、53.391.00.450.150.20.1950.210.160.170.0720.230.140.30.2630.416.2×10-57.6×10-54.2×10-41.4×10-33.6×10-41.45×10-34.5×10-4(23)×10-39.6×10-54.1×10-32.6×10-43×10-36×10-3(1.48.8)×10-31.7×10-31.2×10-3 r=1.0, r=0.89, m=0.8r=0.81.

21、5r=0.58r=1.92.3r=0.2r=2.2r=0.42r=1.7r=3.7r=2.53CaO35%-SiO245%-Al2O320%CaO50%-SiO235%-Al2O315%表8 铸型内的传热系数No. 比热流量q传热系数h=q/(T1-T2) 备 注时间(s)cal/(cm2.s)cal/(cm2.s.°C)1 0 5 10 20 3036.146.046.029.027.00.0140.0340.0310.0190.017C0.035%钢T1=TC(铸片)T2=TM(结晶器)铸造速度=1.08m/min弯曲型扁板连铸机2 15 20 30 40 50 60 700.0

22、350.0310.0240.0190.0140.0140.018C0.120.16%钢连铸T1=TC(铸片)T2=TW(冷却水)铸造速度=0.8m/min3 0 5 10 15 20 3022.833.731.624.718.615.3 0.016 0.022 0.021 0.016 0.012 0.010同上铸造速度=2.03m/min 4 0.021 0.085 0.011 0.091铸铁卧式连铸机 石墨铸型 j203 mm同上，j305mm5 0.040.06 0.0060.01铝连续铸造6 240 300 600 1300 1800 0.0075 0.0067 0.0050 0.003

23、5 0.0026Fe-V2.85%铜铸型(仅单面)真空中7 0 60 120 240 360 600 0.023 0.020 0.018 0.016 0.014 0.012碳素钢表面氧化铸铁铸型8 1.92.2Al 合金，压铸90.03铝硅合金液体金属流动时(金属型)10 0.010.02Al合金，金属型，低压铸造11 0.30.4 0.040.07Al, 金属型铸造(涂料50200mm)12 0.110.17 0.0040.007铜连续铸造13 0.20.40.06铜合金(金属型) 14 >0.08 0.056 0.024 0.014 0.014铸钢/砂型(难以产生空隙时)15 300 420 600 1200 1800 0.022 0.014 0.011 0.0084 0.0055同上(容易产生空隙时)表9 合金的密度、潜热合金rs(20°C)(kg/m3)rs(Ts)(kg/m3)L(kJ/kg)1%Cr钢7840-2771.5%Mn钢7850-2772%Si钢7730-333奥氏体不锈钢77007000294铁素体不锈钢8000-3040.08%C钢780070300.23%C钢786070300.80%C钢785069901.20%C钢78306900白口铸铁7650(7000)灰口铸铁7100(6650)Al-4.5%Cu298