从格律的角度欣赏英诗

1、Appreciation of poetryWhat is poetry? From the works we mentioned before? A literary form Written in lines Rich imagery Great artistic appeal Beautiful harmony Compressed content Contentsv. Meterv. Footv. Rhythmv. Sound patternsv. Rhymev. Rhyme Schemev. Forms of poem v. Appreciations.meter （格）v1.con

2、cept:the regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables.v2.types:v“” stands for unstressed syllable and “_” represents stressed syllable. “” is used to separate different feet.1 抑扬格（轻重格）iambus：是最常见的一种格式，每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。 vAs fair / art thou / my bon/nie lass,So deep / in luve / am I :And

3、I / will luve / thee still,/ my dear,Till a / the seas / gang dry:vRobert Burns(1759-1796): My Luve Is like a Red, Red Rose注注:art=are luve=love bonnie=beautiful a=all gang=go上例中为四音步与三音步交叉，可标示为：v（） 2扬抑格（重轻格）Trochee：每个音步由一个重读音节加一个非重读音节构成。 vTyger!/ Tyger!/ burning / bright In the / forests / of the / n

4、ightvWilliam Blake: The Tygerv上例中为四音步扬抑格（少一个轻音节），可标示为： . Foot （音步）v1. Concept: a unit of poetic meter of stressed and unstressed syllablev2.Types: Monometer: one foot; Pentameter: five feetDimeter: two feet; Hexameter: six feetTrimeter: three feet; Heptameter: seven feetTetrameter: four feet; Octame

5、ter: eight feetDistinction between “foot” and “meter”vFoot is not to be confused with meter, though the names for feet end with “-meter”.v Meter is based on syllables, indicating how stressed and unstressed syllables are arranged. Foot is applied with a single line, indicating how many meters are em

6、ployed in that line. FootMeter Note: Meter+foot =metric meter/versificationBack. Rhythm （节奏/韵律）vconcept: The passage of regular or approximately equivalent time intervals between definite events or the recurrence of specific sounds or kinds of sounds or the recurrence of stressed and unstressed syll

7、ables is called rhythm. v Twinkle, twinkle, little star,v How I wonder what you are!Back.rhyme （押韵）v1.concept: the repetition of the stressed vowel sound and all succeeding soundsv e.g. Home, Foam; chair, therev2. types:a) Internal rhyme:I am the daughter of the Earth and Water. (Shelley)We plough a

8、nd sow-were so very, very low. (Ernest Jones)Ah, distinctly I remember it as in the bleak December. ( Poe ) . Rhyme Scheme（韵式）v1.Concept: The arrangement of rhymes in a poem or stanza. v2.types: v1end rhyme（尾韵）occurs at the end of a line. v1） 联韵： “aabb”型。vI shot an arrow into the air, av It fell to

9、earth, I knew not where avFor, softly it flew, the sight bv Could not follow it in its flight. bvHenry Wadsworth Longfellow: The Arrow and the Song2） 交叉韵：abab型。 vSunset and evening star, av And one clear call for me! bv And may there be no moaning of the bar, avWhen I put out to sea, bvAlfred Tennys

10、on(1809-1892): Crossing the Bar3） 同韵：有的诗押韵，一韵到底，大多是在同一节诗中共用一个韵脚。v如下例就共用i:p为韵脚vThe woods are lovely, dark and deep,But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep. v Robert Frost (1874-1963): Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 2. 头韵(alliteration)：是指一行（节）诗中几

11、个词开头的辅音相同，形成押韵。v下例中运用f、b与s头韵生动写出了船在海上轻快航行的景象。vThe fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,The furrow followed free,We were the first that ever burstInto that silent sea.vT.S. Coleridge: Rime of the Ancient Mariner .Forms of poem （诗体）vEach unit may have three lines, four lines or more. This recurring u

12、nit of a poem is called stanza.（诗节） Dante: Divine Comedy神曲Milton: Paradise Lost 失乐园Homer: Iliad伊利亚特; Odyssey奥德赛 3) Dramatic Poems（戏剧诗）（戏剧诗） 2) Narrative Poems（叙事诗）（叙事诗） 1) Lyrical Poems（抒情诗）（抒情诗）1. Kinds of PoetryIn terms of content :Songs（韵文) odes （颂诗） ballads（民谣）Epics (史诗) ( heroic poems) ballads（民谣）lyre (里拉)usu. in dialogue ; in blank verse1. Kinds of PoetryIn terms of meter:1) Metrical Poems（格律诗）（格律诗）Regular Rhyme; Regular Rhythm; Definite Number of Lines2) Free Verse（自由诗）（自由诗）Irregular Rhyme and Rhythm; Irregular Number of Lines3) Blank Verse（无韵