一短文改错万能公式

1、一短文改错万能公式1.谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点,常见动词错误类型有:一般现在时与一般过去时错用;and前后动词时态不一致;主谓不一致;缺少动词,特别是be动词;第三人称单数形式错用;主动语态和被动语态错用。2.名词的常见错误:单复数名词错用,可数名词与不可数名词错用。3.连词错误:连词包括关系代词、副词,并列连词and/or/but等。关于连词,一般考查从句关系: who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。4.冠词错误:误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定;误用a/an和the(固定搭配,或泛指、特指;多冠

2、词或少冠词5.形容词和副词错误:系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel;词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词。6.代词错误:代词的主格和宾格(I/me;he/him;she/her;we/us; they/them错误;反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves使用错误;代词的单数和复数使用错误;代词指代错误;多代词或少代词。7.非谓语动词的常见错误:不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时;and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时;介词

3、后用动名词形式作宾语;某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。8.介词错误:词组中的介词误用;介词意思理解偏差;介词的多用或少用。二短文改错解答口诀动词形,名词数; 注意形和副;非谓动词细辨别;习惯用法要记住;句子成分多分析; 逻辑错误须关注。1.动词形主要包括两类错误:动词的时态和语态错误,以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如:My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. Now my picture and prize were hanging in the library. ( were are上述

4、例子属于时态错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念,注意短文内容发生或存在的时间,保持时间概念的一致性。2.名词数指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如:so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. (subject subjects3.区分形和副即区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如:Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. (wonderfully wonderfulUnfortunate, there are too man

5、y people in my family. (Unfortunate Unfortunately需要注意的是,形容词多用来做定、表、补语等,而副词只能在句子中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time,第二句的Unfortunately 作状语修饰整个句子。4.非谓动词细辨别这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误,也包括不定式类错误。例如:in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interesting interestedPlay football not o

6、nly makes us grow up tall and strong but also (Play PlayingMy parents love me and will do all they can make sure (to上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语,和不定式作目的状语。一般的,现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义,而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义,不定式有将来时态的含义。5.习惯用法要记住主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点,其错误表现形式主要有三种:多词、少词和搭配错误。例如:It was very kind for them to meet me at the

7、railway station and ( forof We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. ( of 6.句子成分多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语境要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析,才能找出用词不当的错误。例如:Theyeager to know everything about China and(areI live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (where which第一例漏掉了谓语动词are,

8、这是受汉语习惯的影响而导致的错误;第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副词,不能作主语。7.逻辑错误须关注与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴,人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误,常是这类错误的考查对象。例如:The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(his theirFirst, let me tell you something more about myself.(去掉more上述第一例中的主语是Smiths(史密斯夫妇俩,因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的

9、意思,才开始告诉别人,怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”?除了上述错误类型外,常考的错误形式还有:连词but, and, or和so的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误,以及冠词的用法错误等。例如:She was smiling but nodding at me.(but andIt looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.(and or We may be one family and live under a same roof.(a the三短文改错参考原则1.改动以最少为原则;2.虚词以添加或删除为原则;3.实词以改变词形为原则;4.以保持句子原意为原则;5.核对错项时,若的确有一