非谓语动词之动词的-ed形式

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上词法：非谓语动词之动词的ed形式1. 动词的-ed形式的结构特征动词的-ed形式，又称过去分词，通常是动词原形后加-ed构成的，但也有不规则的形式（详细参阅词法之动词）。动词的-ed形式仍保留着动词的许多特征，因此在句中可以有自己的状语和逻辑主语，带双宾语的及物动词构成的动词的-ed形式还可以有自己的宾语，其否定形式是在其前加not。Given enough care , the children can cooperate better .（带有自己的宾语）如果给予足够的关心，孩子们会合作得更好。Greatly encouraged , we made up our

2、 mind to carry on the hard work .（带有自己的状语）2. 动词的-ed形式的语法功能动词的-ed形式既有副词的特征也有动词的特征，在句中可作表语、定语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等成分。（1） 作表语动词的-ed形式作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。状态性动词的-ed形式作表语The shops have remained shut for a week .All the people present were already seated , waiting for the conference to open .All of us were moved to

3、 tears at the sorrowful story .形容词性的动词的-ed形式作表语作表语的动词的-ed形式表示事物的性质，这些词往往被视为形容词，可以用very进行修饰（详细参阅词法之形容词）。Most of middle school students are interested in pop stars and NBAstar players .I was very surprised to see little Jimmy run so fast in the game .N：有些表示位置移动的不及物动词的-ed形式也可作表语。Spring is gone and summ

4、er is come .The sun is already set .（2） 作定语动词的-ed形式作定语有的置于被修饰词的前面，有的置于被修饰词的后面。置于被修饰词的前面单个的-ed形式作定语往往置于被修饰词的前面，通常为及物动词的-ed形式，表示被动和完成意义。We only sell used books in our bookstore .She is wearing an excited expression today .今天她脸上一直带着兴奋的表情。The lost time can never be found again .N：少数表示位置移动和状态改变的不及物动词的-ed

5、形式也可作前置定语，但不表示被动，只表示完成。the changed situation 改变了的形势 a retired teacher 退休的教师 the fallen leaves 落叶 a returned overseas Chinese 归国的华侨 a developed country 发达国家 置于被修饰词的后面单个动词的-ed形式作定语时偶尔也可置于被修饰词的后面，但大多数作后置定语的动词的-ed形式是短语形式，此时它更具有动词的某些性质，常起逻辑谓语的作用，在句法上相当于定语从句。Things seen are mightier than things heard .眼见为

6、实，耳听为虚。The story written by a middle school student is popular in schools .（相当于The story which was written by a middle school student is popular in schools .）C：有些动词的-ed形式可作前置定语，也可作后置定语，有的意义相同，但大多数意义不同。All the broken windows have been repaired . = All the windows broken have been repaired .所有坏了的窗户都已经

7、修理好了。Weve collected a large quantity of used books .You should put all the books used at hand and the others in order on the shelf .特殊的动词的-ed形式作前置定语有些经常不单独用作定语的动词的-ed形式，在加上前缀un-或与某些副词、名词和形容词构成复合语后，可作前置定语。有些名词，特别是当其前面有修饰语时，可加-ed形式构成复合形容词作定语。untold sufferings 说不尽的痛若 newly laid eggs 刚下的鸡蛋 deep-set eyes

8、 深陷的眼睛 unfinished work 没完成的工作kind-hearted people 心地善良的人 warm-hearted people 热心肠的人 cold-blooded animals 冷血动物 a blue-eyed girl 蓝眼睛的姑娘 short-sighted students 近视眼的学生 a white-haired woman 一位白发妇女 a three-legged table 三条腿的桌子 a fifteen-storeyed building 十五层的大楼 （3） 作补足语动词的-ed形式可作表语补足语，也可作主语补足语。作宾语补足语作宾语补足语的动

9、词的-ed形式多来自及物动词，说明宾语的状态或性质，与宾语一起构成复合宾语。此时它前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语。If you want to make yourself respected , you are above all to respect others .I found myself lost and couldnt sense the right direction .I would prefer all the difficulties in the books marked .N：在have,get两个动词后，可用动词的-ed形式作宾语补足语，表示特殊的含义。I am going

10、 to have/get all the letters mailed .（自己寄或找人寄）I must go to town to have/get my DELLcomputer repaired .（找人修理）I had my bike broken on half way home .（遭受某种不愉快或不幸，此时只能用have不能用get .）作主语补足语把作宾语补足语的句子改为被动句，原来的宾语补足语便随之变为主语补足语。The boy was found lost and couldnt find his way back .Almost no student is seen pu

11、nished in this school .（4） 作状语动词的-ed形式在句中作状语，它可以表示时间、原因、让步、结果、方式、条件等。时间状语作时间状语的动词的-ed形式可置于句首，也可置于句尾，有时也置于主语和谓语之间。Asked about his family , he made no answer . He asked about his family , made no answer ,He made no answer , asked about his family .当被问到有关他的家庭情况时，他没有回答。Lost in the forest , you should fi

12、rst of all remain where you are , waiting for help to come .原因状语表示原因的分词短语一般置于句首，偶尔也置于句尾或句中。Seriously injured ,he had to be taken to hospital .The child learns fast well brought up by his parents .条件状语表示条件的状语常位于句首。United , we stand ; divided , we fall .联合起来我们就能站立，分裂我们必然倒下。Seen in the distance , the v

13、illage looks more beautiful .Given more time and money , we would have done the work better . 伴随或方式状语这种状语可位于句首、句中或句尾。The hunter walked slowly in the forest , followed by his wolf dog .Followed by his wolf dog , the hunter walked slowly in the forest .The hunter,followed by his wolf dog , walked slowly in the forest .猎人在森林里慢慢地走着，后面跟着一条狼狗。N：根据需要，-ed形式前面也可加上when,while,until,once,though,although,as long as , so long as,unless,as if,as though,even if;even though 等词。As后不能跟-ed形式。在before,after,without等词后