大学英语四级讲义【最新】

1、创A教育大学英语四级培训系列济座第三讲英语写作中常见病句现象1 .文稿格式问题题目的大小写和标点符号，文中标点符号，行文格式，人名/地名等专有名词。2 .拼写问国拼写是考生应该具备的最起码的基本功，但在考生的作文中却经常能发现很多拼写错误。行拼写 错误的作文行定会被酌情扣分，而且行大量拼写错误存在的作文不仅体现出语言基本功差，同时也宜 接影响内容的表达，通常会降低作文的档次。3 .不一致问题不一致问题主要包括数(单复数)的不一致、时态不一致、代词不一致、主谓不一致、时态/人称 /数的搭配错谀等。例 1 误： Wlien one have knowledge, he can do what he

2、 want to do.1E ： Once one has knowledge, he can do what he wants (to do).剖析:one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has ；同理，want应改为wants本句是典型 的主谓不一致。例 2. i关： My father and my mother is all teachei, 正：hfy father and my mother are both teachei's例 3 误：Wlien I get to the station the train leave 正：VTien I got to the

3、station the train had left汉语动词无时态、人称和数的变化，而对英语来说，这些都至关重要。4 .代词误用英语中代词的形式很多，包括主格、宾格、物主代词、反身代词等。而汉语中没有主格和宾格、 形容词性物主代词和名次性物主代词之分；此外汉语中很多时候不用物主代词，而英语中物主代词是 不可省略的，代词的误用是考生最容易发生的错误。例 4 误：I mothei and I vzent to the shop to buy a present for I father正： My mother and I went to the shop to buy a present for

4、my father5 .串句串句，指英语写作中错把两个独五分句硬性地揉在一起而不加任何的标点符号或连词。例 5 i吴：She decided to stop smoking she didn't want to die of lung cancerjE ： She decided to stop smoking She didn't want to die of lung cancerShe decided to stop smoking because (as) she didn't want to die of lung cancel： Because (as) s

5、he didn't want to die of lung cancer, she decided to stop smokingShe didn't want to die of lung cancel； so she decided to stop smoking asShe decided to stop smoking, she didn't want to die of lung cancer例 6 i吴： Getting married is easy, staying married is a different matter1E： Getting mai

6、ned is easy, but staying mamed is a different matterGetting mamed is easy However, staying married is a different matter独家授课，未经允许，请勿翻印！1主讲人：Malcolm TsaiThough (Although) getting married is easy, staying married is a different matterWhile getting mairied is easy, staying mamed is a different matter例

7、7 误：There are many ways we get to know the outside world.剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“ There are many ways M以及“ We get to know the outside world M<» 简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。改为：Therearemany ways for us to leam about the outside world 或：There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside

8、 v/orld7 .破句破句，又称残句/句子碎片/句子的不完整性/不完整的句子，是指将一些不能表达完整信息或独立 成句的成分独立成句或出现缺少必要成分的假句子。例 8 误： After I amved in Chicago by bus I checked into a room正： After I amved in Chicago by bus, I checked into a roomI checked into a room after I amved in Chicago by bus.例 9 误：He talked for fifty minutes vzithout taking

9、 his eyes off his notes Apparently not noticuig that half tlie class was asleep.正：He talked for fifty minutes witliout taking his eyes offhis notes, apparently not noticing that half the class was asleep.Apparently not nohcing tliat half the class was asleep, he talked for fifty minutes without taki

10、ng his eyes off his notesHe talked for fifty minutes without taking his eyes offhis notes He apparently did not notice that half the class was asleep.例 10. 误： A woman to be respected and even feared.1E： She is a woman to be respected and even feared 或 She is respected and even feared.在英语中，词、词组、短语、从句

11、、同位语是不能单独成句的。一.口.它们单独成句便成sentence fi-agmentSc在汉语中没有动词的句子是允许的，但英语中每个完整的句子都必须有动词来构成，如：“我累 了。”这个句子没有动词作谓语，而用形容词，但英语形容闻不能作谓语，一定要写成：imtired 例 11. 误：I happy I can come to Beijing Zoo正：I am happy I can come to Beijing Zoo例 12. 误：The apples cheap Fil take some正：The apples are cheap 111 take some还有一些考生因为没有熟练

12、掌握介词或者冠词的用法，不了解中英文语言习惯的不同，也会出现 明品的错误，造成丢分现象。例 13 误：Because heavy rain, we cant hold the sports meeting正：Because of the heavy rain, we cant hold the spoils meeting.有的考生因为对句子结构认识模糊，所以出现只写半句的现象，这也是造成失分的原因之一。例 14 误： Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college For example, my

13、 friend in high school正： Many students have a hard time passing all the tess to get into college, for example, my friend in 独家授课，未经允许，请勿翻印！2主讲人：MalcolmTsa独家授课，未经允许，请勿翻印！3主讲人：MalcolmTsahigh school (注意 for examp le 的用 法)例 15 There are many ways to know the society For example by TV, radio, nev/spaper

14、and so on 剖析：本句 后半部分"for example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on ”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语， 不能独立成句 o 改为：There are many vzays to knov/ society, for example, by TV, radio and newspapei*8 .错位修饰错位修饰指由于位置不恰当导致修饰语不能修饰原本应该修饰的对象以致出现语义或逻辑混乱。例 16 误：The monkeys attract the visitors with strange stone faces.

15、正：The monkeys v/ith strange stone faces attract the visitors.例 17 误：The rains that the crops had needed badly damaged the roads正：The rains that the crops had needed damaged the roads badlyThe rains that the crops had badly needed damaged the roads例 18. 误：He always tnes to efficiently and promptly do

16、 his worklE ： He always tnes to do his work efficiently and promptly例 19 误： He returned the lawn-mower to a neighbor that was broken正：He returned the lawn-mower that was broken to a neighbor例 20, 识：I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the cainpus析：better位置不当，应置于句末.9 .垂

17、悬修饰垂悬修饰是指状语成分的逻辑主语与主句/主干的逻辑主语出现文法冲突。例21. 误： Wlule eatmg my sandwich, five mosquitoes bit me11: ： Wlule eating my sandwich, I was bitten by five mosquitoes.While I vzas eating my sandwich, five mosquitoes bit me例 22.误：Singing, the? doorbeH rang正：(While) Singing, I heard the doorbell ringing 或者 When I

18、 was singing, the doorbell rang例 23. 炭：To play tennis well, a good racquet is needed1E ： To play tennis well, you need a good racquetIf you want to play tennis well, a good racquet is needed所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清。例 24.误：At the age of ten, my grandfather died.析：这句中“at the age of ten”只点出十岁时，但没有说

19、明“谁”十岁时。按一般推理不可能是my grandfather,如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解改为：When I was ten, my grandfather died.例 25. 况 To do well in college, good grades are essential析；句中不定式短语"to do well in college”的逻辑主语不清楚.lE ： To do well in college, a student needs good grades.10 .赞述例 26 误：In the year 1840 the Opium War b

20、roke out E ： In 1840 the Opium War broke out例 27 误：I play badminton equal' as vzell as my brother IE： I play badminton as well as my brother例 28. 误：His name is called James Williams, 正： He is James Williams例 29 误： He returned back home after he graduated fi'om collegejK： He returned home aft

21、er he graduated from college例 30 误:In spite of tlie fact that he is lazy, I like him析：本句的“the fact that he is lazy11系同谓语从句，我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为: In spite ofhis laziness, I like hun例 31 误：For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need析：整个句子可以大

22、大简化。正：Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.11 .转换不稳定性例 32 误：If all we do in life is complaint, then one shouldn't be surpnsed if no one likes you正：If all we do in life is conplaint, tlien we shouldn't be suipnsed if no one likes usIf all you do in life is complaint, t

23、lien you shouldn't be suiprised if no one likes youIf all one does in life is comp la mt, tlien he shouldnl be surprised if no one likes him例 33 误： A dnver should never race your motor without a warm-up正： A dnvei* should never race his motor vzithout a waim-up.例 34. 误： When I was in high school,

24、 you never knew what to expect正： When I was in high school, I never knew v/hat to expect例 35 误： When one is sick, you don, t want company正： When one is sick, he doesifl want company 或者 Wlieii you are sick, you doif I want company 例 36 误：The photographer was changing film when the building shudders a

25、nd collapses正：The photographer was cliaiiging film when the building shuddered and collapsed例 37 误：Shu'ley won the first prize, while her brothei* was awarded the second正：Shirley won tlie first prize, while her brother won/got the second12 .审题不清若文章内容不切题，则不管语言如何规范、用词如何准确，都会被判为零分。13 .其他问题(1)指代不清(A

26、mbiguous Reference of Pronouns)指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。例38误： Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid (玛丽和我蛆姐很要好，因为她 耍她做她的伴娘。)析：读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把 易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。独家授课，未经允许，请勿翻印！4主讲人：MalcolmTsa创A蚁音大学英语四级培训系列济座iH： Maiy wa

27、s friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bndesmaid.例 39 误：And we can also know the society by serving it yourself析：句中人称代词we和反身代词yourself指代不一致。正： We can also know society by servuig it ourselves(2)措词毛病(Troubles in Diction)Diction是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题，囿于教学时间紧迫，教师平时在这方面 花的时间往往极其有限

28、，影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲, 拿来就用.所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。例 40 误：The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agnculture also makes pollution (农业方面化学物质 使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)析：显然，考生把obstacles*障碍”，“障碍物”谡作sub stance “物质”了。另外“the increasing use (不 断增加的使用)”应改为“ abusiv e use (滥用)”。lK ： The abusive use of chemica

29、l substances in agricultai'e also causes/leads to pollution 不连贯(Jncoherence)不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。 例 41.误：The fresh water, it is tlie most impoitant things of the earth析：The flesh water与逗号后的it不连贯。It lj things在数方面不致。IE ： Fresh water is the most nxipoitant thing in the woi'ld14 .综合问题第五讲：英语写作非常技巧一、措辞技巧四字诀：记、套、转/换、跳。此四字诀也可以用于文法和篇章结构设计中。记：1、核心的、高频的、易记的单词和词组：2、常用的过渡和衔接性的词、词组和句型。利用 挑选式记忆法，即对于每种逻辑关系的词、词组和句型只