牛津译林版英语8B-Unit7-International-charities-知识点汇编

1、Unit7 International charitiesWelcome to the unit1. You have some pocket money left.你还乘 U余一些零花钱。 注意：left是leave的过去分词，在此句中做后置定语，修饰 pocket money,意为：剩 下的、没有用完的。left相当于一个形容词，放在被修饰的名词或 anything/nothing/nobody等不定代词之eg： I have only one food ticket left.There is nothing left in the fridge. leave for动身前往leave忘

2、带，落下，离开2. have a big lunch吃顿丰盛的午餐3. I m too weak to walk any further. 我太虚弱，走不动了。 I' m so weak that can' t walk any further.= I ' m not strong enough to wallany further. farther, further这两个词都是far的比较级形式。farther和further都可指具体的距离，即空间时间上的"较远”。Let's not go any farther/further.further还可

3、用于抽象的引申义，如时间，程度和数量等，表示进一步，更进一层”，此时，不能与farther换用。I may be able to give you some further information about it.The problem will be further discussed at the class meeting.4. help build a better world for everyone帮着为每个人建立一个更好的世界a betterworld 一个更美好的世界5. provide basic education forchildren in poor areas 为贫

4、穷地区的孩子们提供基础教育 basic education 基础教育receive basic education 接受基础教育6. work for the equal rights of girls and women为女孩和妇女的平等权利而工作work for为而工作equal rights平等的权利8. prevent the spread of some serious diseases among young people 预防年轻人中一些严重疾病 的扩散 prevent .(from) doing sth. ; stop .(from) doing sth. ; keep .fr

5、om doing sth.; 均表示 “阻 止做某事”。上述三个结构中，在主动语态中 stop与prevent后可省去from ,但在被动语态中不可 省略；而keep .from .中的from在任何情况下都不能省略。The heavy rain prevented us going on, but we didn ' t lose heart.在被动语态中， from 者B不可省。We were prevented by the rain from going there. protect -from/against 表示 ”保护免受” 例如：Protect children fro

6、m violence9. do a good job干得不错；完成得很好Reading1. an interview with 晶ORBIS doctor 一次对奥比斯医生的采访2. tell us something about blindness告诉我们关于失明的一些事say, speak, tell, talk 的区别和用法 say一般作及物动词用，着重说话的内容，它的宾语可以是名词，代词或宾语从句。eg: He can say his name.他会说他的名字。Please say it in English. 请用英语用。 speak强调说的动作，不强调所说的内容。作及物动词时，常以

7、某种语言作宾语。作不及物动词时，常见的搭配形式有：speak of something/somebody谈到某事（某人）speak to sb跟某人讲话，此外 speak还可用于在较为正式的场合了表演讲或演说。Can you speak Japanese?你会说日语吗?She is speaking to her teacher.她正在跟她的老师说话。He spoke at the meeting yesterday. 他昨天在会上讲了话。 talk 一般为不及物动词，意思是 燹谈，谈话，着重强调两具之间的相互说话。eg: She is talking with Lucy in English

8、.她正在和露茜用英语交谈。What are you talkingabout?你们在谈论什么？The teacher is talking to him.老师正在和他谈话。 tell常作及物动词，意为 饼述，告诉，动词常跟双宾语。tell sb sth = tell sth to sb 告诉某人某事。Did you tell her the news? = Did you tell thenews to her?tell sb to do sth叫某人做某事tell sb not to do sth让某人不做某事3. have eye problems 有眼疾4. 80 per cent of

9、 these cases 80% 的病例“分数（百分数）+of+名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的数与其中名词的数保持一致。如：About 30 percent of the pupils were absent that day.那天大约有 30%勺学生未到。Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea.地球表面的四分之三是海。5. have money for medical treatment medical treatment 医疗 medical 是 medicine 形 容词形式，医学的6. Flying Eye

10、 Hospital 眼科飞机医院7. do operations on sb. =operate on sb.给某人做手术operate 动词， operation 名词8. be used as a training centre 被用作培训中心9. Many of our patients can ' t afford to go to hospitalgo to hospital 去看病afford sth.买得起某物afford to do sth.负担得起做某事can ' t afford负担不起10. on board 在飞机（船、火车）上11. learn abo

11、ut eye operations学习眼科手术12. teach them new skills教他们新的技能13. during a visit在一次拜访中during the last visit在上次的拜访中14. be proud to do sth 以做某事而自豪be proud of 以为荣pride 是 proud 的名词形式，be proud of =take pride in15. help people see again帮助人们重见光明16. treat people with eye problems 治疗有眼疾的人cure most eye diseases 治愈大多

12、数眼病cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的病Dr. Ma cured the old man of his blindness.17. carry on working/carry on with our work继续开展我们的工作carry on （with sth）继续开展，继续下去18. Modern medicine is developing quickly.现代医学正迅速发展Develop动词，发展；加强develop quickly发展很快development 名词， 发展with the development of 随着-的发展developed 发达的 devel

13、oping 发展中的 a developed country 个发达国家 a developingcountry 一个发展中的国家19. Thank you for your time. 感谢你的时间。20. cut a person's body open 给某人开刀cut-open 把-切开21. the condition of being unable to see 不能看见东西的状态23. get treatment 得到治疗hand out 分发；提出hand inset up建起，设立22. many more people 更多的人Grammar, integrated

14、 skills and study skills1. hand out leaflets to people向人们分发传单上交2. hold a charity show 举行一次慈善义演3. be set up in Europe 在欧洲建立4. part of the United Nations联合国的一部分5. make the world a better place for children 使得世界成为一个更适合孩子们的地方6. want the children to be healthy 想让孩子们健康7. raise money by selling Christmas c

15、ards 通过卖圣诞卡片募集钱8. organize some activities 组织些活动9. prevent them from gettingillness防止他们得病10. look pale看上去苍白11. What's the matter (with sb) ?(某人)怎么了?What s wrong with you?I don't feel well.我觉得不舒服12. get toothache 牙疼13. How long have you felt like this?你感觉这样 /这么不舒服多久了 ？14. have a check检查一下15.

16、nothing serious没有什么严重的16. Take this medicine after meals three times a day. 饭后服药，天三次。17. not-at all 一点也不not-any more= no more 不再18. Will it be a success? Will it be successful? 它将会成功吗？19. keep asking myself 不断问我自己再紧张了。21. make a lot of noise发出很多吵闹声 Task1. a secretary of a company 家公司的秘书3. train as a

17、 nurse培训为一名护士个舒适的公寓里5. take the plane 乘飞机有眼疾的穷人重见光明7. make up one ' s mtoddo sth 下定决心做某事 定决心培训当护士20. No time to be nervous any more.没有时间22.have to speak loudly不得不大声说话2. be afraid of flying 害怕飞行4. live in a comfortable flat 住在一帮助患make up her mind to train as a nurse 下6. help poor people with eye

18、problems see againdecide to do sth.8. attend courses 参力口课程9. travel over 300 days a year年中超过300天都在旅游10. get used to travelling by plane 习惯于乘飞机旅行11. have as much money as before 和以前有样多的钱12. She thinks her life is more meaningful. 她认为她的人生更有意义。13. used to work on the farm all day 过去常常整日在农场上工作14. an off

19、icer 一个官员15. learn about the conditions of the local people 了 解当地人们的情况16. enter a school 考入学校1. especial-especially3. spread-spread-spread5. blind-blindness7. treat-treatment9. hold-held-he ld set-set-set-setting11. operate-operation一、被动语态的用法：1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：三.词形变化2. educate-education4. interview-in

20、terviewer read-reader office-officer6. medicine-medical8. develop-developed-developing-development10. secretary-secretaries12. most-mostlyis / am / are +及物动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned everyday.我们教室每天者 B 被打扫。I am asked to study hard.我被告知要努力学习。Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用来切东西的。2 . 一般过去时的

21、被动语态构成：was / were +及物动词的过去分词A new shop was built last year. 去年修了一座新商店。Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 恐龙蛋被放置了彳艮久彳艮久。3 . 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be +及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built in our city.我们城市将要修建一家新医院。Many more trees will be planted next year. 明年会种更多的树。4 .现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + be

22、ing +及物动词的过去分词Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.My bike is being repaired by Tom now.王叔叔正在修理我的自行车。They are planting trees over there. Trees are being planted over there by them.他们在那里种植的树木。5 .现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been +及物动词的过去分词This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书被翻译成多种文字。Many

23、man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.在许多国家有许多人造卫星被送上了太空。6 .过去进行时的被动语态构成：was/were + being +及物动词的过去分词The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital. 当他的父母赶至 U医 院的时候这个男孩正在做手术。The new road was being made.这条新路正在修筑。7 .过去完成时的被动语态构成：had + been +及物动词的过去分词

24、The classroom hadn ' t been cleaned before the teacher came.在老来之前，教室尚未打 扫。The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema.在门票被销售空前我赶至U了 电影院8 .将来完成时的被动语态构成：shall/will + have doneThey will have been married for 20 years by then.届时，他们结婚将满20 周年。The project will have been completed before M

25、ay. 该项目将在五月前完成。9 .含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be +及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often.小树需要经常浇水。Your mistakes should be corrected right now. 你应该现在就改正你的错误。The door may be locked inside. 这扇门可以反锁。Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 你的家庭作业可以明天交。二、怎样把主动语态改成被动语态？把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：1 .先找出谓语动词；2.

26、再找出谓语动词后的宾语；3 .把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；4.注意人称、时态和数的变化。4 ：1. Bruce writes a letter every week.fA letter is written by Bruce every week斯每星期写一封信。2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.fThe broken bike was mended by Li Lei thismorning.李雷今天上午在修理坏的自行车。3. He has written two novels so far. fTwo novels have bee

27、n written by him sofar:他已 写了两部小说。4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow. fTen trees will be planted by them tomorrow.明 天将要种植十棵树。5. Lucy is writing a letter now.terAsleteing written by Lucy now. 露西正在写信。6. You must lock the door when you leave.fthe door must be locked when you leave你离开的时候你必须把门锁上。三、使用被动

28、语态应注意的几个问题：1 .不及物动词无被动语态。What will happen in 100 years ? 一百年里会发生什么事？The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 约 65 万年前恐龙灭绝。2 .有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This pen writes well.这支钢笔很好写。This new book sells well. 这本新书卖的很好。3 .感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。例： make somebody do something f

29、 somebody+ be +made to do somethingsee somebody do something fsomebody +be +seen to do somethingA girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.fMy wallet was seen to drop by a girl whenshe passed by. 一个女孩看到我的钱夹掉了当她经过的时候。The boss made the little boy do heavy work. fThe little woy made to do heavy work

30、by the boss.这个老板让这小男孩干重活。4 .如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语（物）作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。He gave me a book. fA book was given to me by him.他给了 我一本书。He showed me a ticket.7A ticket was shown to me by him.他给我展示了一张票。My fath er bought me a new bike. f A new bike was bought for me by my fathe父亲给我买 了一辆新自行车。5 .

31、一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介 词或副词。We can' t laugh at him. 一 He can' t be laugh at byus不能嘲笑他。He listens to the radio every day.一The radio is lisoenedim every day. 他每天都收听广播。The nurse is taking care of the sick man.这护士在照顾这个虚弱的男人。fThe sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.Grammar一

32、、构成 学习一般将来时的被动语态，首先应掌握其各种结构形式。1 .肯定式 will (shall) + be+动词的过去分词2 .否定式 will (shall) + not+be+动词的过去分词3 .疑问式 Will (Shall) +主语+ be+动词的过去分词？简略回答 Yes,主语+ will (shall). No,主语+ won't (shan't).现在，请看实例：A ) 肯定句： Anew stadium will be put up here 否定句： Anewstadium will not (won't ) be put up here 疑问句及简

33、略回答：Will a new stadium be put up here ？ Yes， it will No ， it won't 特殊疑问句及回答：What will be put up here ？ A new stadium B) A lot of athletes will be invited to Beijing But those who have used illegal drugs will not be invited (但那些使用违禁药物的将不被邀请。 ) Will some world-famous singers be invited ？ Yes， they

34、 will Who else will be invited ？ Some judges and sports officials ， of course二、其他结构表示将来意义的被动结构还有：1 be going to be done；2 be to be done；3 . will (shall) + get + done等。例如： Some old buildings are going to be put down The 29th Olympic Games is to be held in Beijing in 2008 The workers will get paid befo

35、re the end of December 同学们也要注意这些结构的否定式、疑问式等。例如：These trees are not going to be cut down Are these trees going to be cut down ？ Yes， they are The machines are not to be repaired tonight Are they to be repaired tomorrow ？ Yes， they are 三、注意事项 使用一般将来时的被动语态时，应注意以下两点：1 在时间、条件状语从句中，应使用现在时表示将来时。同样，应使用现在时的被

36、动语态表示将来时的被动语态。例如： He says he will leave the company if he is punished for this 2 .使用一般将来时被动语态时，学生易遗漏被动式中的be。例如：【误】A new film will shown at the cinema next week 【正】A new film will be shown at the cinema next week.【误】 Is this bridge going to completed before the end of this year ？【正】 Is this bridge go

37、ing to be completed before the end of this year ？ 四、基本结构一 : shall/will + be + done【经典例题 1】 I promise that this matter next week.A. will be taken careB. will take care ofC. will take good careD. will be taken care of【思路点拨】 选D 。从题干不难看出,一是从句中的this matter 和 take care of 是被动关 系;二是take care of是固定搭配，不能拆开；三是相对于promise来说，take care of是将要发生 的动作。故从句谓语应用一般将来时的被动语态。【经典例题 2】These dictionaries the library again (by you ).A. will be taken out ofB. won ' t be