专题非谓语动词(一)-2020年高考英语语法考点讲解与真题分析(解析版)

1、2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析18非谓语动词（一）非谓语动词是高考考查的最重要的内容之一。非谓语动词内容繁多，形式多样，很多学生深感头疼。其实，同学们只要从非谓语动词的作用与形式两个方面入手，非谓语动词的所有问题便可迎刃而解。1.非谓语动词的作用：非谓语动词可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。、作用 非谓病.,、主语宾语表语定语状语补语不7E式VVVVVV动名词VVVV分词VVVV2.非谓语动词的形式形式用法否定式在其前间加not等否定词一般式非谓语动词的动作与句子谓语动词的动作同时发生，或发生在其后完成式非谓语动词的动作发生在句子谓语动词的动作之前主动式非谓语动词的逻辑主语是非谓

2、语动词动作的发出者被动式非谓语动词的逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的承受者考点一非谓语动词作主语1.不定式和动名词作主语不定式和动名词都能作主语，动名词作主语表示比较抽象的、一般的动作；不定式则多表示更具体的某一次的动作，尤其是将来的动作。1 .to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future. （ 2019 天津）A. LearnB. LearnedC. LearningD. Having learned【答案】C【解析】这里是作主语，用动名词；表示一般动作，用一般式。2.

3、 along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. （ 2018 北京）A. TravelB. TravelingC. Having traveledD. Traveled【答案】B【解析】这里是作主语，用动名词；表示一般动作，用一般式。3. a new house is impossible for the young couple because they haven't saved enough money （2016 江苏 ）A BuyB BuyingC BoughtD Having boug

4、ht【答案】B【解析】这里是作主语，用动名词；表示一般动作，用一般式。4. the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. （2015 安徽）A. IgnoreB. Ignoring C. IgnoredD. Having ignored【答案】B【解析】这里是作主语，用动名词；表示一般动作，用一般式。5. how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. （

5、2013 浙江 ）A Hearing B Hear C Having heard D To be hearing【答案】A【解析】这里是动名词作主语。6. basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. （2013 福建 ）A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known【答案】C【解析】这里是动名词短语作主语。7. He told us whether a picnic was still under discussion. （2012 四川

6、）A. to have B. having C. have D. had【答案】A【解析】这里是“疑问词 （whether） + 不定式 ”在宾语从句中作主语。2. it 作形式主语不定式作主语时，由于结构的需要，常用it 作形式主语，而将不定式后置；动名词在个别结构中作主语时也可后置，主要有 It ' s no use/good/need doing sth.。1. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it s better silent. （浙江2012）A. remainB. be remaini

7、ng C. having remained D. to remain【答案】D【解析】不定式作主语后置，it是形式主语。2. It ' s no use without taking action.（2011 上海）A. complainB. complainingC. being complained D. to be complained【答案】B【解析】it ' s no uSe接动名词；complain是不及物动词，故用主动式。3. The doctor thought would be good for you to have a holiday. （2010全国）A

8、. this B. that C. one D. it【答案】D【解析】thought后是一个宾语从句，从句的真正主语是不定式的复合结构for you to have holiday ,故用it作形式主语。考点二非谓语动词作宾语不定式和动名词都能作宾语。要牢记哪些动词只能跟不定式作宾语，哪些动词只能跟不定式作宾语，哪些动词既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意思完全不同。1 .不定式作宾语。以下动词只能接不定式作宾语：afford, agree, aim, appear, apply, arrange, beg, claim, decide, demand, desire,determin

9、e, expect, fail, happen, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, remain, strive, tend, threaten, undertake, volunteer, want, wish 等； 动词 decide, discover, discuss, explain, know, learn, show, tell, think, understand, wonder等常跟 疑问词+不定式”作宾语。1. I can' t stand with Jane in

10、 the same office. She just refuses talking while she works. （2006 北京）A . working; stoppingB . to work; stoppingC. working; to stopD . to work; to stop【答案】C【解析】stand后只能接动名词作宾语；refuse后只能接不定式作宾语。故选C。2 .动名词作动词和介词的宾语以下动词只能接动名词作宾语：admit, advise, allow, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, f

11、orbid,imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, practice, risk, stand, suggest, understand 等。1. The film star wears glasses. Therefore he can go shopping without.（2014 d匕京）A. recognizing B. being recognized C. having recognized D. having been recognized【答案】B【解析】介词 wihtout后接动名词作宾语，逻辑主语与recognize之间是被动关系，故用动名

12、词的不定式。2. Young people may risk deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone【答案】C【解析】risk后接动名词作宾语，表示一般情况，故用一般式。3. One learns a knowledge by making mistakes and them. （2012 北京）A. corrects B. correctC. to correct D. correcting【答案】D【解析】and连接两个并列的动名词作介词b

13、y的宾语。4. Bill suggested a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. （2010 上海）A. having held B. to hold C. holdingD. hold【答案】C【解析】suggest后只能接动名词作宾语；动名词动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之后，用一般式。5. I hear they ' ve promoted Tom, but he didn ' t mention when we talked on 20e1 phone.）A. to promo

14、te B. having been promoted C. having promoted D. to be promoted【答案】B【解析】mention后只能接动名词作宾语；动名词动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，且与逻辑主语he之间是被动关系，故用动名词完成式的被动式。3 .有些动词和固定短语既可跟不定式又可跟动名词，但意思完全不同。to do记住做to dorememberregretforgetmeandoing记得曾经做过to do忘了做doing忘记曾经做过to do企（意）图做stopdoingto dodoingto do遗憾地要做后悔做了尽力做试着做蓑下正在做的事情去做另一

15、件事todo做完一件事接着做另一件事go ondoing不停地做同一件事1. After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all the people who hadhelped in her career. （2015 陕西）A. to thankB. thankingC. having thanked D. to have thanked【答案】A【解析】获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖之后，安妮.本尼迪科特接着感谢了所有在事业上帮助过她的人。这里表示做完一件事情接着做另一件事，应用goon

16、todo。2. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. （2012 安徽）A. lockingB. to lock C. having lockedD. to have locked【答案】B【解析】句意：我离开办公室的时候还记着要锁门，但是忘了关灯了。remember表示 记着要做某事"，后面要接不定式。3. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried alone, but she did

17、n ' t like it and movedback home.（2010 湖南）A. livingB. to liveC. to be livingD. having lived【答案】A【解析】try后接动名词表示 试着做“，后接不定式表示尽力做”。根据上句可知本句应为她想试着独立生活”，故用动名词。4. 一 Robert is indeed a wise man.一Oh, yes. How often I have regretted his advice.（2010 安徽）A. to take B. taking C. not to takeD. not taking【答案】

18、D【解析】regret后跟不定式表示 遗憾地”，跟动名词表示 后悔做了某事”，根据句意 后悔没有采纳你 的建议”可知，应用动名词的否定式。4.不定式或动名词作宾语，后面还有宾语补足语时，不定式或动名词要后置，而在宾语的位置用it作形式宾语。（2011天津）We feel our duty to make our country a better place.A. itB. thisC. thatD. oneAit 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语to make our country a better place。巩固练习1. basic first-aid techniques wi

19、ll help you respond quickly to emergencies.A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known【答案】A【解析】作主语，应用动名词；表示主动和一般情况，用一般式的主动式。2. felt funny watching myself on TV.A. One B. This C. It D. That【答案】C【解析】动名词短语watching myself on TV 作主语后置，用it 作形式主语。3. The parents suggested in the hotel room but their

20、kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.A. sleepB. to sleep C. sleeping D. having slept【答案】C【解析】suggest后接动名词作宾语；动名词的动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之后，用一般式。4. It nse cessary to be prepared for a job interview. the answers ready will be of great help.A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having【答案】D【解析】这里是非谓语动词

21、短语作主语，且表示一般情况，故用动名词的一般式。5. how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.A. Hearing B. Hear C. Having heard D. To be hearing【答案】A【解析】作主语，应用动名词；表示一般情况，用一般式。6. Can I smoke here? Sorry. We don t allow A. people smokingB. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking【答案】D【解析】suggest后只能接动名词作宾语。7. If you think that treating a woman well means always her permission for things, think aga