英语八年级第一学期Unit4 Topic1知识点教案

1、.Unit4 Topic1 语法讲解：形容词比较级精讲练一、用法1. 表示两个人或事物作比较时，形容词要用比较级形式,形容词比较级之后常用 than 引出比较的对象。例：This pen is longer than that one.这支钢笔比那支长。New York is bigger than Cambridge.纽约比剑桥大。2. 表示两者之间的选择，意为“哪一个更。例：Who is taller, Lily or Lucy?莉莉和露西相比,谁更高?二、形容词比较级的变化1. 规那么变化变化规那么例词一般在形容词词尾加-er。tall-taller以不发音的字母 e 结尾的形容词,只在

2、词尾加-r。late-later以“辅音字母加 y结尾的形容词,先把 y 变为 i,再加-er。busy-busier以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的形容词，须先双写这个辅音字母再加-er。fat-fatter摇 big-bigger2. 不规那么变化原形比较级原形比较级good, wellbettermany, muchmorebad/ illworseoldolder/ elderlittlelessfarfarther/ further三、形容词比较级前的修饰词在英语中常修饰比较级的词汇有：much, a lot, a little, even, far 等。例：Believe

3、 me, you really look much better than before.相信我,你看起来真的比以前好多了。He is a lot taller than me. 他比我高很多。They went there a little later than others.他们比其别人去的略微晚一点儿。Its even bigger than an island.它甚至比一座岛屿都大。He is far stronger than his brother.他比他哥哥强壮得多。四、比较级的常见句型用法例句1双方比较,表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级+than构造。China is larg

4、er than Italy.中国比意大利大。2倍数 + 比较级 + thanThe box is three times bigger than that one. 这个箱子比那个箱子大三倍。3“比较级+and+比较级表示“越来越。Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.我们的国家正变得越来越强大。4“the+比较级，the+比较级表示“越，就越。The more, the better.多多益善。5the+比较级+of the two+名词复数The taller of the two boys is my brother. 两个男孩中较高

5、的那一个是我的哥哥。比较级的使用原那么：1自身不进展比较，排除自己的方法是使用 any other。例：He is taller than any other boy in his class. 不能去掉other他比他班里的其他任何男孩都高。2比较的对象必须是同类的人或事物。例：My name is longer than yours. 不能将 yours 写成 you我的名字比你的名字长。【即学即练】I用所给词的适当形式填空1. Tom is tall than Jim.2. Li Lei is young than others in his class.3. I think Engli

6、sh is easy than any other subject.4. David has many story books than Lucy.5. China is big than India.6. It takes much time to study maths than English.II单项选择1. Do you know sound travels very fast?Yes. But light travels sound.A. as fast as B. a little faster thanC. much faster than D. slower than2. M

7、y brother is than me.A. heavier B. heavyer C. heavy D. heavyier3.Ann, I am worried Im getting fatter. What shall I do?I think you should eat food and do more exercise.A. more B. less C. much D. little三.易混淆单词和短语辨析1. 辨析：on earth, on the earthon earth意为“终究，到底。on the earth在地球上。如：Why on earth didnt you t

8、ell me the truth? 你到底为什么不跟我说实话？Long ago enormous animals lived on the earth. 很久以前，地球上生活着宏大的动物。2. 辨析: think about, think of, think overthink aboutthink about意为“想，考虑，指考虑解决某一问题，“考虑的宾语可由名词、代词、动名词、疑问词引导的不定式或宾语从句充当。think ofthink of 意为“考虑，想起，考虑。表示“考虑的含义时，可与think about互换，后接名词、代词、v.-ing形式或疑问词引导的从句。think over

9、think over意为“仔细考虑，其中over为副词，如宾语为名词，位于over前后均可，假如是代词，必须置于think与over之间。例：Im thinking about a problem. 我正在考虑一个问题。He always thinks of others more than himself.他总是为别人考虑得多，为自己考虑得少。Youd better think it over before you do it.在你做这件事之前，你最好先好好考虑一下。3. 辨析：on, over, aboveon“在上面，与物体外表有接触，反义词是beneath。over“在正上方，物体之间

10、垂直且外表无接触，反义词是under。above“在斜上方，与物体外表无接触，反义词是below。如：She put her coat on the bed.她把大衣放在床上。There is a new bridge over the river.河上有一座新桥。The moon is now above the trees in the east.月亮这时已升起在东边树林的上空。4. 辨析：need to do, need doingneed to doneed to do的主语是后面动作的执行者，need to do的主语是指人的名词或代词。need doingneed doing的主语

11、是后面动作的承受者，need doing的主语常为物。如：I need to know what time it is now.我需要知道如今几点。My hair needs cutting.我该剪头发了。5. 辨析：somewhere, anywhere, nowheresomewhere意为“一些地方，常用于肯定句中。anywhere意为“任何地方，可用于肯定句、否认句或一般疑问句中。nowhere意为“没有地方，本身具有否认含义。例：I want to go somewhere warm.我想去一个温暖的地方。Did you find anywhere relaxing? 你找到令人放松

12、的地方了吗？During the winter holiday I went nowhere, just stayed at home.整个寒假，我哪儿都没有去，就待在家里。课文重难点讲解【l】Hey，Wang Wei, what are you thinking about?喂，王维，你在考虑什么呢？think about意为考虑，考虑，后接名词、代词 或动名词。如：Im thinking about going there some day. 我在考虑有一天去那儿。【链接】1 think over仔细考虑。如：Think it over, then you will have a good

13、 idea. 好好想想，你就会有一个好主意。2think of .认为，想起。有时可以与think about互换。如：What do you think of the film? 你认为这部电影怎么样？Wonderful!好极了！I tried not to think of/about Richard. 我尽量不去想理查德。【2】That must be fun! 那一定很有趣！must在这里表肯定推测，有“准是，一定的意思。如：The woman in black must be your mother. You look the same.那个穿黑衣服的妇女一定是你妈妈，你们看起来很像

14、。【链接】must not制止，不允许，表否认，主观语气强。在表否认推断时，不能用mustnt,而要用,cant 意为“不可能。如：You mustnt play on the ice. It's too dangerous. 你们不许在冰上玩耍，太危险了。It cant be Li Ping. 那不可能是李平。【3】Thousands and thousands of animals live in rainforests.成百万上千万的动物栖息在雨林中。thousands and thousands of 成百万上千万的类似的表达方式有：hundreds of成百上千的；thous

15、ands of成千上万的；millions of数百万的。用复数形式时后常跟of。如：hundreds of teachers 数百名老师注意:1与详细数字相连不加S。如：two thousand books 两千本书2a few，several等词修饰时也不加s。如：several thousand people 几千人【4】Many of them live in the trees over 30 meters from the ground.它们中有许多都居住在离地面三十多米高的树上。 over在这里相当于more than,意为“多于，超过。【链接】over反义词under还表示“在

16、上方，表示某一物体高出另一物体两者之间不接触。如:There is a bridge over the river. 小河的上方有座桥。1above和over都有“ 在上之意。above反义词below表示“在正上方，两者之间垂直且不接触。如：Our classroom is above yours. 我们教室在你们教室的正上方。2在表示“高于某物而又不接触该物体时，有时above和over可以通用。如：There is a lamp above/over the bed. 床上方有盏灯。3假设表示“在之上外表接触那么用如。如：The book is on the desk. 书在桌子上。【5

17、】Rainforests are very important to us.热带雨林对我们很重要。be important to sb. /sth.表示 “对某人或某物是重要的。【拓展】Its + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.。 表示“对某人来说做某事是怎样的。It是形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth.。如：It's easy for us to answer the questions.答复这些问题对我们来说很容易。【6】The plants in the forests help to make the air fresher and cleaner

18、.森林里的植物有助于空气更清新干净。1helpsb. to do sth.表示“帮助某人 做，在动词help后的不定式，带to或不带to均可。如：Im going to help my mother to clean the house. 我准备帮助妈妈清扫房间。2make the air fresher 使空气更清新，make 是使役动词，表示“使成为，使作为，make + sb./sth. +adj.或make后接不带to的不定式表示“使怎么样。如：The bad news made me sad.这条坏消息使我很难过。His mother made him stand behind th

19、e door. 他妈妈让他站在门后。【7】They play an important part in controlling the climate.它们对调节气候起到了重要作用。play a part in sth.在某事中起作用；参与某事。如：China plays an active part in the world affairs. 中国积极参与国际事务。【8】Without rainforests, many beautiful plants and animals would die out.没有热带雨林，许多美丽的植物和动物就会灭绝。without prep.1 没有；没带，

20、缺少。后接名词、代词或动名词。如：Jack went to school without breakfast.杰克没吃早饭就去上学了。They left for America without saying good-bye to us. 他们没跟我们道别就去了美国。2 表示条件假如没有。如：We cant do it without your help.没有你的帮助我们是做不成的。【9】We need rainforests for many reasons.我们有许多原因需要热带雨林。need在本句中作实义动词，意为“需要，有人称和数的变化，其后可直接跟名词、代词作宾语，也可以跟带to的动词不定式。如：I need to go now. If I dont，Ill miss my train. 我如今必须走了。要不然，我会赶不上火车的。【拓展】need可用作情态动词，其后直接加动 词原形，意为“需要，仅用于否认句或疑问句