数学专业英语常用词汇

1、数学专业英语词汇4.启美分数和小数properfraction真分数？代数部分improperfraction假分数？mixednumber带分数？vulgarfraction,commorfraction普通分1.有关数*算数？simplefraction简分数？add,plus力口？complexfraction繁分数？subtract减？numerator分子？difference差？denominator分母？multiply,times乘？(least)commondenominator(最小)公分product积？母？divide除？quarter四分之一？divisible可被整

2、除的？decimalfraction纯小数？dividedevenly被整除？infinitedecimal无穷小数dividend被除数，红利？recurringdecimal循环小数？divisor因子，除数？quotient商？tenthsunit十分位？remainder余数？factorial阶乘？5.基本数学概念power?arithmeticmean算术平均值？radicalsign,rootsign根号？weightedaverage力口权平均值？roundto四舍五入？geometricmean几何平均数?tothenearest四舍五入exponent指数,幕？base乘幕

3、的底数，底边？2.有关集合cube立方数，立力体？squareroot平力根?union并集？cuberoot立方根?propersubset真子集？commonlogarithm常用对数?solutionset解集？digit数字？constant常数？3.有关代数式、方程和不等式variable变量？inversefunction反函数?algebraicterm代数项？complementaryfunction余函数?liketerms,similarterms同类项？linear一次的，线性的？numericalcoefficient数字系数？factorization因式分解？lit

4、eralcoefficient字母系数？absolutevalue绝对值，e.g.|-32|=32?inequality不等式？triangleinequality二角不等式？roundoff四舍五入？range值域？originalequation原方程？6.启美数论equivalentequation同解方程，等价方程？naturalnumber自然数?linearequation线性方程(e.g.positivenumber正数？5?x?+6=22)?negativenumber负数？oddinteger,oddnumber奇数？eveninteger,evennumber偶数？inte

5、ger,wholenumber整数？positivewholenumber正整数？negativewholenumber负整数？consecutivenumber连续整数？realnumber,rationalnumber实数,有理数？irrational(number)无理数？inverse倒数？compositenumber合数e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15？primenumber质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15注意：所有的质数(2除外)都是奇数，但奇数不一定是质数reciprocal倒数？commondivisor公约数？multiple倍数？(least)c

6、ommonmultiple(最小)公倍数？(prime)factor(质)因子？commonfactor公因子？ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制？nonnegative非负的？tens十位？units个位？mode众数？median中数？commonratio公比？7.数列arithmeticprogression(sequence)等差数列？geometricprogression(sequence)等比数列？approximate近似？(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向？cardinal基数？ordinal序数？directproportion正比？d

7、istinct不同的？estimation估计，近似？parentheses括号？proportion比例？permutation排歹!J?combination组合？table表格？trigonometricfunction三角函数'unit单位,位？几何部分1 .所有的角alternateangle内错角？correspondingangle同位角？verticalangle对顶角？centralangle圆心角？interiorangle内角？exteriorangle外角？supplementaryangles补角？complementaryangle余角？adjacentan

8、gle令口角？acuteangle锐角？obtuseangle4屯角？rightangle直角？roundangle周角？straightangle平角？includedangle夹角？2 .所有的三角形equilateraltriangle等边三角形'scalenetriangle不等边三角形？isoscelestriangle等腰三角形？righttriangle直角三角形？oblique斜三角形？inscribedtriangle内接三角形？3 .有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle半圆？concentriccircles同心圆？quadrilateral四边形？p

9、entagon五边形？hexagon六边形？heptagon七边形？octagon八边形？nonagon九边形？decagon十边形？polygon多边形？parallelogram平行四边形？faceofasolid立体的面？equilateral等边形？hypotenuse斜边？plane平而？includedside夹边？square正方形，平力?leg三角形的直角边？rectangle长方形？medianofatriangle三角形的中线？regularpolygon正多边形?base底边，底数（e.g.2的5次力，2就是rhombus#?底数）？trapezoid梯形?opposit

10、e直角三角形中的对边？midpoint中点？4.其它平向图形endpoint端点?vertex（复数形式vertices）顶点？arc弧？tangent切线的？line,straightline直线？transversal截线?linesegment线段？parallellines平行线？intercept截距？segmentofacircle弧形?7.启美坐标5.启美立体图形coordinatesystem坐标系?rectangularcoordinate直角坐标系?cube立方体，立方数？origin原点？rectangularsolid长方体?abscissa横坐标？regularsol

11、id/regularpolyhedron正多面ordinate纵坐标？体？numberline数轴？circularcylinder圆柱体?quadrant象限？cone圆锥？slope斜率?sphere球体？solid立体的？6.肩关图形上的附属物complexplane复平面?8.其它planegeometry平间几何?altitude高？trigonometry三角学？depth深度？bisect平分？side边长？circumscribe外切?circumference,perimeter周长？inscribe内切？radian弧度？intersect相交？surfacearea表面积

12、?perpendicular垂直？volume体积？pythagoreantheorem勾股定理?arm直角三角形的股？congruent全等的？crosssectionffi#面?centerofacircle圆心?chord弦？radius半径？multilateral多边的？anglebisector角平分线？diagonal对角线？1.单位奥diameter直径？cent美分？edge棱？penny，美分硬币？nickel5美分硬币？dime一角硬币？dozen打（12个）？score廿（20个）？Centigrade摄氏？Fahrenheit华氏？quart夸脱？gallon力口仑（

13、1gallon=4quart）?yard码？meter米？micron微米?inch英寸？foot英尺？minute分（角度的度量单位，60分=1度）?squaremeasure平方单位制?cubicmeter立方米？pint品脱（干量或液量的单位）?2.有关文字叙述题，主要是有关商业intercalaryyear（leapyear）闰年（366天）？commonyear平年（365天）？depreciation折旧？downpayment直接付款?discount打折？margin禾润？profit禾1J润？interest利息？simpleinterest单利J?compoundedint

14、erest复利J?dividend红禾?decreaseto减少至U?decreaseby减少了?increaseto增加到？increaseby增加了？denote表示？listprice标价？markup涨价？percapita每人？ratio比率？retailprice零售价?tie打chapter 1 efunctionnotation方程符号函数符号quadraticfunctions二次函数quadraticequations二次方程式二次等工】chapter 2 oEquivalentalgebraicexpressions等价代数表达式rationalexpression有理式

15、有理表达式horizontalandverticaltranslationoffunctions函数的水平和垂直的平移reflectionsoffunctions函数的倒映映chapter 3 reeExponentialfunctions指数函数exponentialdecay指数式衰减exponent指数propertiesofexponentialfunctions指数函数的特性chapter 4 urTrigonometry三角学Reciprocaltrigonometricratios倒数三角函数比Trigonometricfunctions三角函数Discretefunctions

16、离散函数数学mathematics,maths(BrE),math(AmE)公理axiom定理theorem计算calculation运算operation证明prove假设hypothesis,hypotheses(pl.)命题proposition算术arithmetic力口plus(prep.),add(v.),addition(n.)被力口数augend,summand加数addend和sum减minus(prep.),subtract".),subtraction(n.)被减数minuend减数subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.),multip

17、ly".),multiplication。)被乘数multiplicand,faciend乘数multiplicator积product除dividedby(prep.),divide(v.),division(n.)被除数dividend除数divisor商quotient等于equals,isequalto,isequivalentto大于isgreaterthan小于islesserthan大于等于isequalorgreaterthan小于等于isequalorlesserthan运算符operator数字digit数number自然数naturalnumber整数integ

18、er小数decimal小数点decimalpoint分数fraction分子numerator分母denominator比ratio正positive负negative零null,zero,nought,nil十进制decimalsystem二进制binarysystem十六进制hexadecimalsystem权weight,significance进位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round下舍入rounddown上舍入roundup有效数字significantdigit无效数字insignificantdigit代数algebra公式formula,formulae(pl.

19、)单项式monomial多项式polynomial,multinomial系数coefficient未知数unknown,x-factor,y-factor,z-factor等式，方程式equation一次方程simpleequation二次方程quadraticequation三次方程cubicequation四次方程quarticequation不等式inequation阶乘factorial对数logarithm指数，幕exponent乘方power二次方，平方square三次方，立方cube四次方thepoweroffour,thefourthpowern次方thepowerofn,t

20、henthpower开方evolution,extraction二次方根，平方根squareroot三次方根，立方根cuberoot四次方根therootoffour,thefourthrootn次方根therootofn,thenthroot集合aggregate元素element空集void子集subset交集intersection并集union补集complement映射mapping函数function定义域domain,fieldofdefinition值域range常量constant变量variable单调性monotonicity奇偶性parity周期性periodicity

21、图象image数列，级数series微积分calculus微分differential导数derivative极限limit无穷大infinite(a.)infinity(n.)无穷小infinitesimal积分integral定积分definiteintegral不定积分indefiniteintegral有理数rationalnumber无理数irrationalnumber实数realnumber虚数imaginarynumber复数complexnumber矩阵matrix行列式determinant几何geometry点point线line面plane体solid线段segment

22、射线radial平行parallel相交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian锐角acuteangle直角rightangle专屯角obtuseangle平角straightangle周角perigon底base边side高height三角形triangle锐角三角形acutetriangle直角三角形righttriangle直角边leg斜边hypotenuse勾股定理Pythagoreantheorem专屯角三角形obtusetriangle不等边三角形scalenetriangle等腰三角形isoscelestriangle等边三角形equilateraltria

23、ngle四边形quadrilateral平行四边形parallelogram矩形rectangle长length宽width菱形rhomb,rhombus,rhombi(pl.),diamond正方形square梯形trapezoid直角梯形righttrapezoid等腰梯形isoscelestrapezoid五边形pentagon六边形hexagon七边形heptagon八边形octagon九边形enneagon十边形decagonH4形hendecagon十二边形dodecagon多边形polygon正多边形equilateralpolygon圆circle圆心centre(BrE),c

24、enter(AmE)半径radius直径diameter圆周率pi弧arc半圆semicircle扇形sector环ring椭圆ellipse圆周circumference周长perimeter面积area轨迹locus,loca(pl.)相似similar全等congruent四面体tetrahedron五面体pentahedron六面体hexahedron平行六面体parallelepiped立方体cube七面体heptahedron八面体octahedron九面体enneahedron十面体decahedronHW体hendecahedron十二面体dodecahedron二十面体icosahedron多面体polyhedron棱锥pyramid棱柱prism棱台frustumofaprism旋转rotation轴axis圆锥cone圆柱cylinder圆台frustumofacone球sphere半球hemisphere底面undersurface表面积sur