常用缓冲溶液的配制及氨基酸常数等

1、附录四 常用缓冲溶液的配制（一）甘氨酸-盐酸缓冲液（0.05 mol/L）X毫升0.2 mol/L甘氨酸Y毫升0.2 mol/L HCl，再加水稀释至200毫升。pHXYpHXY2.25044.03.05011.42.45032.43.2508.22.65024.23.4506.42.85016.83.6505.0甘氨酸分子量75.07。0.2 mol/L甘氨酸溶液含15.01 g/L。 （二）邻苯二甲酸-盐酸缓冲液（0.05 mol/L）X毫升0.2 mol/L邻苯二甲酸氢钾Y毫升0.2 mol/L HCl，再加水稀释至20毫升。pH(20)XYpH (20)XY2.254.670

2、3.251.4702.453.9603.450.9902.653.2952.650.5972.852.6423.850.2633.052.032   邻苯二甲酸氢钾分子量204.23。0.2 mol/L邻苯二甲酸氢钾溶液含40.85 g/L。   （三）磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲液pH0.2 mol/LNa2HPO4 (mL)0.1 mol/L柠檬酸 (mL)pH0.2 mol/LNa2HPO4 (mL)0.1 0.1     mol/L柠檬酸 (mL)2.22.42.62.83.03.23.43.

3、63.84.04.24.44.64.85.00.401.242.183.174.114.945.706.447.107.718.288.829.359.8610.3019.6018.7617.8216.8315.8915.0614.3013.5612.9012.2911.7211.1810.6510.149.705.25.45.65.86.06.26.46.66.87.07.27.47.67.88.010.7211.1511.6012.0912.6313.2213.8514.5515.4516.4717.3918.1718.7319.1519.459.288.858.407.917.376.7

4、86.155.454.553.532.611.831.270.850.55Na2HPO4分子量141.98；0.2 mol/L溶液为28.40 g/L。Na2HPO4·2H2O分子量178.05；0.2 mol/L溶液为35.61 g/L。Na2HPO4·12H2O分子量358.22；0.2 mol/L溶液为71.64 g/L。C6H8O7·H2O分子量210.14；0.1 mol/L溶液为21.01 g/L。 （四）柠檬酸-氢氧化钠-盐酸缓冲液pH钠离子浓度(mol/L)柠檬酸 (g)C6H8O7·H2O氢氧化钠 (g)NaOH 97盐酸 (

5、mL)HCl (浓)最终体积(L)2.20.2021084160103.10.2021083116103.30.2021083106104.30.202108345105.30.3524514468105.80.45285186105106.50.3826615612610 使用时可以每升中加入1克酚，若最后pH值有变化，再用少量50氢氧化钠溶液或浓盐酸调节，冰箱保存。（五）柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液（0.1 mol/L）pH0.1 0.1     mol/L柠檬酸 (mL)0.1 mol/L柠檬酸钠 (mL)pH0.1 mol/L柠檬酸 (mL)0.1 m

6、ol/L柠檬酸钠 (mL)3.018.61.45.08.211.83.217.22.85.27.312.73.416.04.05.46.413.63.614.95.15.65.514.53.814.06.05.84.715.34.013.16.96.03.816.24.212.37.76.22.817.24.411.48.66.42.018.04.610.39.76.61.418.64.89.210.8   柠檬酸：C6H8O7·H2O分子量210.14 ；0.1 mol/L溶液为21.01 g/L。柠檬酸钠：Na3C6H5O7·2H2O分子量

7、294.12 ；0.1 mol/L溶液为29.41 g/L。 （六）醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲液（0.2 mol/L）pH(18)0.2 mol/LNaAc (mL)0.2 mol/LHAc (mL)pH(18)0.2 mol/LNaAc (mL)0.2 mol/LHAc (mL)3.60.759.354.85.904.103.81.208.805.07.003.004.01.808.205.27.902.104.22.657.355.48.601.404.43.706.305.69.100.904.64.905.105.86.400.60NaAc·3H2O分子量136.09；0.2

8、 mol/L溶液为27.22 g/L。冰乙酸11.8 mL稀释至1 L（需标定）。 （七）磷酸二氢钾-氢氧化钠缓冲液（0.05 mol/L）X 毫升 0.2 mol/L KH2PO4+Y毫升0.2 mol/L NaOH 加水稀释至20毫升。pH (20)X (mL)Y (mL)pH (20) X (mL) Y (mL)5.850.3727.052.9636.050.5707.253.5006.250.8607.453.9506.451.2607.654.2806.651.7807.854.5206.852.3658.054.680 （八）磷酸盐缓冲液磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钠缓

9、冲液（0.2 mol/L）pH0.2 mol/LNa2HPO4 (mL)0.2 mol/LNaH2PO4 (mL)pH0.2 mol/LNa2HPO4 (mL)0.2 mol/LNaH2PO4 (mL)5.88.092.07.061.039.05.910.090.07.167.033.06.012.387.77.272.028.06.115.085.07.377.023.06.218.581.57.481.019.06.322.577.57.584.016.06.426.573.57.687.013.06.531.568.57.789.510.56.637.562.57.891.58.56.7

10、43.556.57.993.07.06.849.051.08.094.75.36.955.045.0   Na2HPO4·2H2O分子量178.05；0.2 mol/L溶液为35.61 g/L。Na2HPO4·12H2O分子量358.22；0.2 mol/L溶液为71.64 g/L。NaH2PO4·H2O分子量138.01；0.2 mol/L溶液为27.6 g/L。NaH2PO4·2H2O分子量156.03；0.2 mol/L溶液为31.21 g/L。（九）巴比妥纳-盐酸缓冲液pH（18）0.04 mol/L巴比妥钠(mL)

11、0.2 mol/LHCl (mL)PH（18）0.04 mol/L巴比妥钠(mL)0.2 mol/LHCl (mL)6.810018.48.41005.217.010017.88.61003.827.210016.78.81002.527.410015.39.01001.657.610013.49.21001.137.810011.479.41000.708.01009.399.61000.358.21007.21   巴比妥钠分子量206.18；0.04 mol/L溶液为8.25 g/L。 （十）Tris-HCl缓冲液（0.05 mol/L）50毫升0

12、.1mol/L三羟甲基氨基甲烷（Tris）溶液与X毫升0.1mol/L盐酸混匀并稀释至100毫升。pH (25)X (mL)pH (25)X (mL)7.1045.78.1026.27.2044.78.2022.97.3043.48.3019.97.4042.08.4017.27.5040.38.5014.77.6038.58.6012.47.7036.68.7010.37.8034.58.808.57.9032.08.907.08.0029.2  Tris分子量121.14 ；0.1 mol/L溶液为12.114 g/L。Tris溶液可从空气中吸收二氧化碳，使用时注意将瓶

13、盖严。（十一）、硼酸-硼砂缓冲液 (0.2 mol/L硼酸根)pH0.05 mol/L硼砂 (mL)0.2 mol/L硼酸 (mL)pH0.05 mol/L硼砂 (mL)0.2 mol/L硼酸 (mL)7.41.09.08.23.56.57.61.58.58.44.55.57.82.08.08.76.04.08.03.07.09.08.02.0硼砂：Na2B4O7·10H2O分子量381.43；0.05 mol/L溶液（等于0.2 mol/L硼酸根）含19.07 g/L。硼酸：H3BO3分子量61.84；0.2 mol/L的溶液为12.37 g/L。硼砂易失去结晶水，必须在带塞的瓶中

14、保存。 （十二）甘氨酸-氢氧化钠缓冲液（0.05 mol/L）X毫升0.2 mol/L甘氨酸Y毫升0.2 mol/L NaOH加水稀释至200毫升。pHX (mL)Y (mL)pHX (mL)Y (mL)8.6504.09.65022.48.8506.09.85027.29.0508.8105032.09.25012.010.45038.69.45016.810.65045.5甘氨酸分子量75.07；0.2 mol/L溶液含15.01 g/L （十三）硼砂-氢氧化纳缓冲液（0.05 mol/L硼酸根）X毫升0.05 mol/L硼砂Y毫升0.2 mol/L NaOH加水稀释至

15、200毫升。pHX (mL)Y (mL)pHX (mL)Y (mL)9.3506.09.85034.09.45011.010.05043.09.65023.010.15046.0硼砂Na2B4O7·10H2O分子量381.43；0.05 mol/L硼砂溶液（等于0.2 mol/L硼酸根）为19.07 g/L。（十四）碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠缓冲液（0.1 mol/L）(此缓冲液在Ca2、Mg2存在时不得使用).pH0.1 mol/L Na2CO3(mL)0.1 mol/L NaHCO3(mL)20379.168.77199.409.22289.519.40379.789.50469.909.

16、725510.149.906410.2810.087310.5310.288210.8310.5791Na2CO3·10H2O分子量286.2； 0.1 mol/L溶液为28.62 g/L。NaHCO3分子量84.0； 0.1 mol/L溶液为8.40 g/L。               附录五 硫酸铵饱和度的常用表1.调整硫酸铵溶液饱和度计算表（25）硫 酸 铵 终 浓 度 ， % 饱 和 度硫 酸 铵 初 浓 度 ， % 饱 和

17、度 10202530333540455055606570758090100 每1升溶液加固体硫酸铵的克数05611414417619620924327731335139043047251656166276710 578611813715018321625128832636540644949459269420 2959789112315518922526230034038242452061925 3049619312515819323026730734839048558330 19306294127162198235273314356449546

18、33 12437410714217721425229233342652235 31639412916420023827831941150640 31639713216820524528537546945 32659913417121025033943150 336610113717621430239255 336710314117926435360 346910514322731465 347010719027570 357215323775 3611519880 7715790

19、60;791在25下硫酸铵溶液由初浓度调到终浓度时，每升溶液所加固体硫酸铵的克数。2.硫酸铵溶液饱和度计算表（0）； 硫 酸 铵 终 浓 度 ， % 饱 和 度  20253035404550556065707580859095100硫 酸 铵 初 浓 度 ， % 饱 和 度 每100毫升溶液加固体硫酸铵的克数010.613.416.419.422.625.829.132.636.139.843.647.651.655.960.365.069.757.910.813.716.619.722.926.229.633.136.840.544.448.452.657.061.56

20、6.2105.38.110.913.916.920.023.326.630.133.737.441.245.249.353.658.162.7152.65.48.211.114.117.220.423.727.130.634.338.142.046.050.354.759.22002.75.58.311.314.317.520.724.127.631.234.938.742.746.951.255.72502.75.68.411.514.617.921.124.528.031.735.539.543.647.852.23002.85.68.611.714.818.121.424.928.532

21、.336.210.244.548.83502.85.78.711.815.118.421.825.429.132.936.941.045.34002.95.88.912.015.318.722.225.829.633.537.641.84502.95.99.012.315.619.022.626.330.234.238.35003.06.09.212.515.919.423.026.330.834.85503.06.19.312.716.119.723.527.331.36003.16.29.512.916.420.123.127.965 03.16.39.713.216.820.5

22、24.47003.26.59.913.417.120.97503.26.610.113.717.48003.36.710.313.985 03.46.810.590 03.47.09503.510001在0下硫酸铵溶液由初浓度调到终浓度时，每100毫升溶液所加固体硫酸铵的克数。 3不同温度下的饱和硫酸铵溶液温 度 （）010202530每1000毫升水中含硫酸铵摩尔数5.355.535.735.825.91重量百分数41.4242.2243.0943.4743.851000毫升水用硫酸铵饱和所需克数706.8730.5755.8766.8777.5每升饱和溶液含硫酸铵克数514.85

23、25.2536.5541.2545.9附录六 氨基酸的一些理化常数 氨基酸名称相对分子质 量熔点*（）等电点PI溶解度（%，25）  a2426* 甘氨酸（Glycine） (Gly)75.07292d5.9724.99 L-丙氨酸（LAlanine） (Ala)89.07295d6.0016.6A +14.6B +1.8L-丝氨酸（L-Serine） (Ser)105.09223d5.6825A +15.1B -7.5L-苏氨酸（L-Tnreonine） (Thr)119.12253d6.16易溶A -15.0B -28.5L-缬氨酸（L-Valine

24、） (Val)117.15315d5.968.85A +28.3B +5.63L-亮氨酸（L-Leucine）(Leu)131.17337d5.982.19A +16.0B -11.0L-异亮氨酸（L-Isoleucine）(Ileu)131.17285d6.024.12A +39.5B +12.4L-半胱氨酸（L-Cysteine） (Cys)121.15 5.07易溶A +6.5L-胱氨酸 (L-Cystine) (Cyss)240.292585.050.011A -23.2L-蛋氨酸（L-Methionine） (Met)149.21283d5.74易溶A +23.2B -10

25、.0L-天门冬氨酸（L-Aspattic acid） (Asp)133.10-269-2712.770.5A +25.4B +5.05L-天门冬酰胺（L-Asparagin） (Asn)132.12236d(水合物)2.98A +28.6B +5.4L-谷氨酸（L-Glutamic acid） (Glu)147.13247(208d)3.220.864A +31.8B +12.0L-谷氨酰胺(L-Glutamine) (Gln)146.151843.6A +31.8B +6.3L-精氨酸（L-Arginine） (Arg)174.2024410.7615.0A +27.6B +12.5L-赖氨

26、酸（L-Lysine） (Lys)146.19224d9.74易溶A +25.9B +13.5L-苯丙氨酸（L-Phenylalanin） (Phe)165.19283d5.482.96A -4.47B -34.5L-酪氨酸（L-Tyrosine） (Tyr)181.19342(295d)5.660.045A -10.0L-组氨酸（L-Histidine）(His)155.16277d 4.16A +11.8B -38.5L-色氨酸（L-Tryptopnane） (Try)204.22281(289)5.891.14A +2.8B -33.7L-脯氨酸（L-Proline）(Pro)

27、115.13220d6.30162.3A -60.4B -86.2L-羟脯氨酸（L-Hydroxy-proline）(Pro-OH)131.13270d5.8336.11A -50.5B -76.0L-瓜氨酸(L-Citruline) (Cit)175.19234-237d 易溶A +24.2B +4.0L-鸟氨酸(L-Ornithine) (Orn)132.16  易溶A +28.4B +12.1*A于5mol/L HCI 中；B于水中；C于10%HCI中；*d代表到达熔点后分解。附录七 常用酸碱和固态化合物的一些数据（一） 实验室中常用酸碱的比重和浓度的关系名 称分子式分子量比 重百分浓度%（W/W）摩尔浓度（粗 略）mol/L配1 L1 mol/L溶 液 所 需（m