英语句子成分知识

1、 英语句子成分知识根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。其中，主语和谓语是句子的主要成分，一般情况下，一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。1. 主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。如：1) The sun rises in the east. （名词） 2) He likes dancing. （代词）3) Twenty years is a short time in history.（数词） 4) Seeing is believing. （动名词）

2、 5) To see is to believe. （不定式） 6) What he needs is a book.（主语从句）7) It is nice to see you. （It形式主语，不定式是真正主语）8）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）2. 谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。如：Mother bought me a VCR. 妈给我买了一台录像机。The plane has taken off 飞机已经起

3、飞了。3表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于连系动词之后，与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语。如：1）He is a teacher. （名词） 2）Seventy-four! You dont look like it. （代词）3）Five and five is ten. （数词） 4）He is asleep. （形容词） 5 His father is in. （副词） 6）The picture is on the wall. （介词短语）7）My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容

4、词化的分词）8）To wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring. ” （不定式）9）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）， look（看起来）， feel（摸起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝、吃起来）， remain（保持，仍是）， feel（感觉） .1）It sounds a good idea. 2）The sound sounds strange.3）Her voice sounds sweet. 4）Tom l

5、ooks thin.5）The food smells delicious. 6）The food tastes good.7）The door remains open. 8）Now I feel tired.4. 宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。如：1）动作的承受者动宾I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor. （形容词）I enjoy working

6、with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3） 双宾语间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.5. 宾语补足语：用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。如：We elected

7、him monitor.（名词） We all think it a pity that she didnt come here.（名）We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. (副词)Please make yourself at home. (介词短语） Dont let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）Dont keep the lights burning.（现在分词） Ill have my

8、 bike repaired. （过去分词） 6. 定语：对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明，一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及句子等充当，位置可在所修饰的词之前，也可在所修饰的词之后。如：1）Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） 2）He is our friend. （代词）3）We belong to the third world. （数词）4）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）5）The man over there is my old friend. (副词

9、) 6）The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词短语)7）The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）8）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词） 9）I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）10）You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）7. 状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等，一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充

10、当。如：（以下例句按上述顺序排列） I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well. 记忆口诀：动词种类速记： 英语动词分四种，行为连系助动情。动作状态为行动，充当谓语有作用；连系动词有意义，不能独立作谓语，须与表语在一起，常用look，become，be助动词无意义，不能独立作谓语，时态、疑问和否定，do，be，will最常用，情态动词must，can，m