交替双频逆流超声辅助提取条斑紫菜蛋白和多糖 - 曲文娟- 副本-

1、 290 农业工程学报 2013 年 的生产试验。 由表 4 发现，采用不加超声的传统提取方法提 取 88 min 时紫菜产品得率为（17.950.12）%，其 中 多 糖 得 率 为 （ 10.760.06 ） % ， 蛋 白 得 率 为 （7.190.07）%。周存山等9也采用传统提取方法对 条斑紫菜中多糖进行了提取研究，获得的多糖得率 为 22.22%， 明显高于本文得到的数据， 这主要是因 为不同的提取条件和脱蛋白方法造成的。研究结果 还显示，传统提取方法获得的产品得率仅达到了交 替双频逆流超声辅助提取方法获得的产品得率的 37.26%；当达到传统提取得率时，交替双频逆流超 声辅助提取

2、方法仅花费了 32 min， 比传统提取时间 缩短了 56 min。由此得出，交替双频逆流超声辅助 提取方法与传统提取方法相比，产品得率增加了 168%， 生产时间缩短了 64%， 不论从产品得率还是 生产周期而言，交替双频逆流超声辅助提取方法均 显著优于传统提取方法。这是因为交替双频超声可 以看作为一种变相的脉冲作用，可以实现超声功率 短时间内的突变，随后又迅速返回其初始值，这种 脉冲冲击力可强化超声波对细胞壁的破坏作用和 传质效果11。 2.5 交替双频逆流超声辅助提取与单频逆流超声 辅助提取效果的比较 在单频逆流超声辅助提取的最优条件下，采用 单频逆流超声辅助提取方法进行紫菜蛋白和多糖

3、混合产品的生产试验。 由表 4 发现，单频逆流超声辅助提取方法获得 的紫菜产品得率为（32.140.16）%，其中蛋白得率 为（13.420.14）%，多糖得率为（18.720.03）%。 同样的，何荣海等8也采用单频超声辅助提取技术 提取条斑紫菜中的多糖，获得的多糖得率为 26.29%，显著高于本文得到的数据，这是因为他们 采用较高的超声功率和较长的超声时间造成的。马 海乐等 11 还利用单频超声辅助提取技术提取条斑 紫菜中的藻红蛋白， 得率为 3.249%。 研究结果还显 示，单频逆流超声辅助提取方法获得的产品得率仅 达到交替双频逆流超声辅助提取方法获得的产品 得率的 66.71%； 实现

4、传统提取得率， 单频逆流超声 辅助提取方法仅花费了 39 min， 比传统提取时间缩短 了 49 min。相关的研究报道也发现，与传统提取方法 相比， 超声辅助提取方法可以大大缩短提取时间2,11。 此外，研究还显示单频逆流超声辅助提取时间比交 替双频逆流超声辅助提取时间多了 7 min。由此得 出，交替双频逆流超声辅助提取方法与单频逆流超 声辅助提取方法相比，产品得率增加了 50%，提取 时间缩短了 18%，不论从产品得率还是生产周期而 言，交替双频逆流超声辅助提取方法显著优于单频 逆流超声辅助提取方法。这主要是因为紫菜蛋白和 多糖的结构及存在形式不同，单一频率的超声很难 取得理想的溶解效果

5、，而交替双频超声产生比单频 超声更强烈的空化效应22，更有利于改变物质的组 织结构和状态，促进紫菜中蛋白和多糖的溶解，提 高产品得率。 3 结 论 1）交替双频超声模式显著优于复合双频超声 模式，15 和 20 kHz 交替双频超声是最佳的双频超 声模式。料液比、提取时间和温度关键因素均对交 替双频逆流超声辅助提取效果产生显著影响。通过 中心组合设计响应面优化试验确定了交替双频逆 流超声辅助提取的最优工艺条件为：料液比 14 mg/mL、时间 88 min、温度 41、pH 值 9.0、 15 和 20 kHz 交替双频超声、 超声交替工作时间各 3 s、功率 200 W/L，在此最优条件下，

6、条斑紫菜蛋白 和多糖混合产品的生产能力最高，单位质量原料生 产出的产品得率为（48.180.08）%，其中蛋白得率 为（24.350.07）%，纯度为（45.610.33）%，多 糖得率为（23.830.02）%，纯度为（44.640.37） %。 2）从生产成本分析，交替双频逆流超声辅助 提取方法与传统提取方法相比，产品得率增加了 168%， 生产时间缩短了 64%； 与单频逆流超声辅助 提取方法相比，产品得率增加了 50%，提取时间缩 短了 18%。交替双频逆流超声辅助提取技术不仅可 以解决传统提取技术和现有单频超声辅助提取技 术的发展瓶颈，而且可以大大缩短生产周期，提高 产品得率，因此与

7、现有提取技术相比，该技术更适 合工业化生产，工业化推广价值更高，可应用于农 产品和食品中有效成分提取。 参 考 文 献 童冠文 . 条斑紫菜经济性状研究进展 J. 现代农业科 技，2010，(11：343345. 2 王婷，马海乐，曲文娟，等. 条斑紫菜蛋白和多糖的 逆流脉冲超声辅助提取技术研究J. 食品工业科技， 2012，(10：16. Wang Ting, Ma Haile, Qu Wenjuan，et al. Study on counter-current pulsed ultrasound-assisted extraction of protein and polysacchar

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24、2009, 25(1: 159 163. (in Chinese with English abstract Cui Li, Zhang Peizheng, Sun Aidong. Dynamic model of the effects of ultrasonic assist on extraction of monascus pigmentsJ. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Alternating two-frequency countercurrent ultrasonic-assisted extraction of protein

25、and polysaccharide from Porphyra yezoensis Qu Wenjuan1, Ma Haile1,2, Wang Ting1, Zheng Huihua3 (1. Department of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; 2. Jiangsu Key Lab of Physical Processing of Agricultural Product, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; 3. China Jiangsu

26、Alphay Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Nantong, 226009, China Abstract: Porphyra yezoensis is rich in high contents of protein and polysaccharide, while that have not been fully used and developed. In order to improve resource utilization rate of Porphyra yezoensis, a new technology of alternating t

27、wo-frequency countercurrent ultrasonic-assisted extraction is developed to produce high-yield protein and polysaccharide mixed products. The effects of two ultrasonic ways were investigated in this research: the composite working and the alternating working of two-frequency (two-frequency of A: 15 a

28、nd B: 20 kHz, A: 15 and C: 28 kHz, and B: 20 and C: 28 kHz, respectively referred to as the AB composition, AB alternation, AC composition, AC alternation, BC composition, and BC alternation, on the product yield (expressed as the total yields of protein and polysaccharide. The response surface opti

29、mization tests for three key factors of material to water ratio, extraction time, and temperature were conducted to optimize the extraction process, based on the central composite design (CCD. Moreover, in order to analyze the feasibility of alternating two-frequency countercurrent ultrasonic-assist

30、ed extraction technique, the extraction performance of the alternating two-frequency countercurrent ultrasonic-assisted extraction method was compared with those of the mono-frequency countercurrent ultrasonic-assisted extraction and the traditional extraction methods. The results showed that the al

31、ternating ultrasonic way was significantly better than the composite one and the alternating two-frequency of 15 and 20 kHz was the most effective. The factors: material to water ratio, extraction time, and temperature had significant effects on the extraction process. Therefore, the established opt

32、imum conditions of alternating two-frequency countercurrent ultrasonic-assisted extraction were as follows: the material to water ratio was 14 mg/mL, the extraction time was 88 min, the temperature was 41oC, the pH value was 9.0, the ultrasonic power was 200 W/L, the alternating two-frequency was 15 and 20 kHz, and an alternating working time of 3 s. Under these