Book6unit1虚拟语气

1、Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气虚拟语气4 陈述语气陈述语气I went to the theatre yesterday.Jack hadnt come back home yet.4 祈祈使语气使语气Lets go.Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.一一. 语气的分类语气的分类4 虚拟语气虚拟语气If I were you,I would not leave her alone.Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afternoon.条件条

2、件从句从句If 从句的谓语形从句的谓语形式式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在现在过去过去未来未来过去式过去式 /(were)had donewould/could/should/might +V (原原)would/could/should/might +have done1.过去式过去式2. should+ V.(原原)3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V. (原原)一一. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。 如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 If it were not r

3、aining, we should go for a picnic.如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。If he came here, he might be able to help you. 要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。加这次聚会了。 She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。会睡过头了。 If she hadnt called me, I would have ov

4、erslept this morning. 明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。 If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French. 要是失败了，我会再试一次。要是失败了，我会再试一次。If I should fail, I would try again.1.如果你早来5分钟，你就赶上这趟车了。If you _ here five minutes earlier，you _ the bus .2.如果我现在不忙，我就来帮你了。If I _ not busy,

5、I _ you now.3.如果明天下雪了，我们怎么办？What _ we do if it _tomorrow?had gotwerewould helpshould were to snowwould have caughtIf I _busy last night, I _ to see the film with you .had not beenwould have goneIf he more carefully, he the car accident yesterday. would not have had had driven If I _(know) your telep

6、hone number, I _ (telephone) you yesterday.had knownwould have telephoned 混合型的条件句混合型的条件句当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一 致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。较。较多见的混合型条件句是多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。时（指目前状态）。如果他

7、听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。He would pass the test if he had taken my advice 假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。么办了。 If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 假如我是你，我当时就不会打破那杯子。假如我是你，我当时就不会打破那杯子。 If I were you , I would not have broken the glass. 假设条件虚拟倒装。假设条件虚拟倒装。

8、条件从句中有条件从句中有should， were， had三个助动词三个助动词, 可以把可以把 if 省略，并将这省略，并将这三个词提至句首。三个词提至句首。1._he come, the problem would be settled.A would . B should . C shall . D if . 2. _, man could not live at all . A were it not for the sun . B if it was for the sun . C had it not been for the sun. D if it shouldnt be for

9、 the sun. 3._fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off .A would you be . B should you be . C could you be . D might you be .二二. 虚拟语气特殊句型虚拟语气特殊句型:1. wish 的宾语的宾语从句从句现在现在: 过去时（过去时（were）过去过去: 过去完成时过去完成时(had done)未来未来: would/could/might +V.(原原) should我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。I wish I

10、 were ten years younger now.我昨天要是遇见他就好了。I wish I had met him yesterday.我希望成为一名科学家。I wish I would be a scientist.2. would rather that现在现在:过去过去:未来未来: I would rather you paid me now. I would rather I hadnt come yesterday. I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去时过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时3. as if /though + 从句从句 现在

11、现在：过去过去：过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时 She loves the baby as if it were her own son. 他们就像多年的朋友一样交谈。他们就像多年的朋友一样交谈。They talked as if they had been friends for years. 他看上去像是醉了。他看上去像是醉了。He looks as if he were drunk.4. Its (about/high) time +that过去时过去时(were)Should(不省不省) +V.你该走了。你该走了。Its high time that you went.Its hig

12、h time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.我们该去我们该去睡觉了。睡觉了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 5. 表示要求表示要求,命令命令,建议的虚拟语气。建议的虚拟语气。使用使用should + 动词原形动词原形, 或者将或者将should省略。省略。常见动词常见动词: 一个坚持一个坚持, 两个命令两个命令, 四个建议四个建议, 四个要求。即四个要求。即1). insist 2). order, command 3).

13、advise, suggest, propose，recommend4). demand, require, request, desireI suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.He insisted that he (should) be sent there.注意注意: 如如suggest, insist不表示不表示“建议建议” 或或“坚持要某人做某事时坚持要某人做某事时”, 即它们用于其即它们用于其本意本意“暗示、表明暗示、表明”、“坚持认为坚持认为”时时,宾宾语从句用陈述语气。语从句用陈述语气。1. The guard

14、at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be)seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospital at once.obeywasbe sent3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.havewas以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句包括主语从句, 表

15、语从句和同位语也要表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气使用虚拟语气, 从句中的动词形式为从句中的动词形式为(should）+动词原形动词原形order,command ,advice, suggestion, proposal, demand,request,requirement,desire6. Its necessary/strange/natural/ essential/vital/important/ a pity/no wonder/impossible + that 从句，从句，从句中从句中的动词要用虚拟的动词要用虚拟, 即即(should)+动词原形动词原形我们掌握一门外语是非常

16、重要的。我们掌握一门外语是非常重要的。It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.很奇怪她竟然拒绝来参加聚会。很奇怪她竟然拒绝来参加聚会。 It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. 我们有必要努力学习Its necessary that we should study hard.7. 虚拟语气用于虚拟语气用于If only 引导的感叹句引导的感叹句中中, “要是要是就好了就好了”If only I were a flying bird!= How I wi

17、sh I were a flying bird!要是我看过那部电影就好了！要是我看过那部电影就好了！If only I had seen the film!=How I wish I had seen the film!8.含蓄型虚拟:有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句,而通过其他手段来代替条件句.otherwise, or, without, but for I was ill that day . Otherwise ,I would have taken part in the sports meet.(副词) He telephoned to inform m

18、e of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it .(连词) Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. 1.Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he_. (忙)2.（下雨）all day, otherwise we could have had a picnic.was busyIt rained

19、9.在含有在含有If it were not for或或If it had not been for 条件句的虚拟语条件句的虚拟语气中。气中。 If it were not for the rain , the crops would die.要不是你的帮助，我们就不可能提前完成任务要不是你的帮助，我们就不可能提前完成任务If it had not been for your help , we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help= Without your help= Had it not been

20、 for your help,没有你的帮助，我们就不会实验成功。Without your help, we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment.要不是这场雨，我们就完成工作了。But for the rain, we would have finished the work.1.If there were no subjunctive mood , English_ much easier . A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be 2.The rice _ if y

21、ou had been more careful .A. would not be burning B. would not burn C. would not have been burnt D. would not burnt 3. You didnt let me drive . If we _in turn , you _so tired . A. drove ; didnt get B. drove ; wouldnt get C. were driving, wouldnt D. had driven ; wouldnt have got 4.I wish that you _.A

22、. get a good job B. will get a good job C. would get a good job D. have got a good job5. -Dont you want to go to a karaoke bar with us ? -I wish I _ , but I have an appointment . A. may B. could C. can D. should 6. -You _ have set aside more time to play with our kids . - I wish I _ , but you know h

23、ow busy I was .A. should; would B. could ; did C. might ; should D. should ; had 7. I cant send her an invitation . I wish I _ her new address . A. know B. will know C. have known D. knew8. - Would you like to work in my company ? - Sorry , Id rather _ here , but Id rather my brother _ to your compa

24、ny . A. staying ; goes B. to stay ; to go C. stay ; went D. to stay ; goes 9. -Did you blame him for his mistakes ? - Yes , but Id rather _ it . A. not do B. not to do C. have not done D. not have done 10. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water , it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has breaks C.

25、were broken D. had been broken11. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years . A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 12. Its time we _ our meeting . A. must begin B. begin C. begun D. began 13.- Tommy , isnt it time you _ the school bus ?- Okay, I _ my breakfast .A. should c

26、atch; have almost finished B. catch ; will almost finishingC. caught ; am almost finishing D. will catch ; almost finish 14. Everybody has arrived . Its time we _ the meeting . A. would start B. had started C. shall start D. started 15. Franklin looked as though he _ ill for a long time . A. was B.

27、were C. had been D. has been 16. Kitty talks as if she _ on the spot . A.is B. were C. has been D. be 17. Your advice that she _ till next week is reasonable . A. will wait B. is going to wait C. waits D. wait 18.We demanded that he _ the bill by the end of this month . A. must pay B. pay C. paid D. had paid 19. It was required that each student _ enough food on the trip . A. bring B. brought C. would bring D. had better bring 20. Its one oclock in the mo