情态动词（一）（讲义）

1、.高中英语情态动词一1. 掌握情态动词can / could, may / might, shall / should, will / would以及must等词的根本含义和用法。2. 初步理解情态动词用于表推测的根本功能和特征。重点：相关情态动词的根本含义和用法。难点：情态动词表推测的根本用法。1. 情态动词是英语语言当中一个非常重要的元素，在各类文章和题型中经常出现，并且在高考语法填空和短文改错中也多有考察。2. 情态动词的根本用法在阅读和书面表达中也有着非常重要的影响，尤其是在写作中考生经常在情态动词用法上出错，需要引起重视。can与could的用法Festivals can also

2、be held to honour famous people. 节日也有可能是用来纪念名人的。Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events.收获节与感恩节可能就是非常喜庆的节日。She could be with her friends right now laughing at him.也许这会儿她跟朋友们在一起，正在取笑他呢。1. can可以表示才能，可以；此时could为can的过去式，表示过去的才能。2. can / could可以表示恳求、答应；问句could表示委婉语气，但此类问句不用could来作答。3.

3、 can / could可表示主观推测把握、可能性较大；只用于否认句和疑问句中。表示对过去情况的推测，用“can / could + have done。4. can也可用于表示客观可能性理论上、客观上存在某种可能性，并非某人的推测、看法，此时可用于肯定句中。5. cannottoo+ adj. / adv.= cannot adj. / adv. +enough“再也不为过“越越好。He could speak Japanese when he was young, but he cant remember most of it now.他小时候会讲日语，但是如今大多数都不能记得了。Can

4、/ Could I have a look at your photos? Of course you can.能让我看一下你的照片吗？ 当然可以。Can Jim be in the classroom? No, he cant be in it.Jim可能在教室里吗？ 不，他不可能在教室里。Where can Mary have gone? She cant have gone to school. Its Sunday.Mary可能去哪儿了？ 她不可能去了学校。今天是星期天。Everyone can make mistakes.每个人都可能犯错。Accidents can happen t

5、o any drunken driver.任何喝醉的司机都可能发惹事故。It can be very hot here in summer.这儿的夏天可能会很热。You cannot be too careful when crossing the road.你过马路的时候再小心也不为过。You can never do the work too well.你工作要做得尽可能的好。can与be able to都表示才能，意义上没有区别，但在形式和用法上有区别：1. can只有如今时和过去时，而be able to有更多的时态变化。将来时和完成时只能用be able to。2. can一般指自身

6、只有的才能，即be able to那么表示经过努力后所具有的才能，相当于manage to do或succeed in doing.The young man cant carry the heavy box.这个年轻人搬不动那个重箱子。This time I failed the exam, but Ill be able to pass the exam next time.这次我考试不及格，但下次我会及格的。3. 在否认构造中was / were able to与could没有区别。She ran fast but she couldnt / wasnt able to catch th

7、e bus.她跑得很快，可还是没能赶上公共汽车。It be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.A. may B. couldntC. should D. neednt答案：B思路分析：考察情态动词。句意为：不可能是词汇导致了你习题中的问题，因为你知道很多词汇。couldnt不可能，表示有把握的否认推测。may与might的用法Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the a

8、ncestors, who might return either to help or to do harm.有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或使祖先得到满足，因为他们有可能回到世上提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.假如邻居什么糖果也不给，那么孩子们可能就会捉弄他们了。Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the

9、most handsome rooster.有些人还有可能因为他们的农产品而获奖，比方最大的西瓜或最帅的公鸡。At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper.中国人过春节要吃饺子、鱼和肉，还可能会给孩子送用红纸包着的压岁钱。These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colo

10、urful clothing of all kinds.狂欢节期间，人们身着各种艳丽的节日盛装，伴随着鼓噪的音乐，在街头游行，昼夜跳舞。1. may / might可以表示恳求、答应较can / could更正式；在疑问句中might语气更委婉；肯定答复可用may或can，否认答复可用may not, cant或mustnt。mustnt表示“不可以，不许。2. may / might可用于表推测把握及可能性较小，可用在肯定句、否认句中，might语气更弱。3. May+主语+动词原形，可用于表示祝愿注意句式顺序与构造。4. may / might as well+动词原形，“不妨“倒不如“还

11、是的好。5. may well很可能。May / Might I have a word with you? Yes, you may / can.或No, you may not / cant / mustnt. 我可以跟你说句话吗？ 好的，可以。/ 不，不行。Why hasnt he come? He may be very busy now. / He may have missed the train. 他为什么还没有来？他可能如今很忙。/他可能没赶上火车。May you succeed / be happy!祝你成功！/祝你开心！May God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！M

12、ay you have a good trip. 祝你旅途愉快！Theres nothing to do, so I may as well go to bed. 没事可做，倒不如去睡觉。Its too late. You might as well not go.太晚了，你不如别去了。Johnny, you play with the knife; you hurt yourself.A. wont; cant B. mustnt; mayC. shouldnt; must D. cant; shouldnt答案：B思路分析：mustnt表示“制止；may表示“有可能。句意为：Johnny，

13、你不可以玩刀，那样可能会伤到你自己。shall与should的用法People should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.人们要扫墓，烧香，以缅怀祖先。1. shall用于主语为第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。2. shall用于主语为第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、许诺、威胁等。3. should表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是ought to。4. should表示推测、可能。这种推测往往有一定的根据，含有“按道理应当之意，只用于肯定句。

14、5. should表示说话人的惊奇、愤怒、绝望等特殊情感。6.“shouldhave过去分词构造一般表示义务，表示本应该做到而实际上没有做到，并包含一种抱怨、责备的口气。Shall we begin our lesson?我们可以开场上课了吗？When shall he be able to leave the hospital?他什么时候可以分开医院呢？You shall fail if you dont work harder.警告假如你不更努力学习的话一定会不及格的。He shall be punished.威胁他会受到惩罚的。You should go to class right a

15、way.你应该立即去上课。You should be more careful next time.你下次要更小心些。The roads should be less crowded today.今天道路应该没那么拥挤了。Its surprising that Mary should love such a person as Jack.令人吃惊的是，Mary竟然会喜欢Jack这样的人。She should have finished her report.她本应该完成那份报告的。It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _ bring m

16、e food.A. mightB. wouldC. shouldD. could答案：C思路分析：考察情态动词根本用法，句意：他们自己那么穷，_给我带来食物，这让我感动得心里不好受。should用在that引导的从句中，跟在某些形容词或动词之后，表示“竟然，居然，带有惊讶的语气。应选C。will与would的用法Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals.有时，在猎人捕获猎物后，也举行庆贺活动。Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of the

17、 cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn.多数古老的节日总是庆贺寒冷天气的完毕、春天的种植和秋天的收获。In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals.在欧洲国家，人们通常用鲜花和水果来装饰教堂和市政厅，在一起聚餐。1. 表示恳求，多用于第二人称的疑问句中，would语气上比will更委婉。2. will

18、表示意愿、意志和决心，would表示过去的意愿和决心。3. will表示习惯性动作或某种倾向，“总是会，老是；would表示过去的习惯或倾向，译作“过去常常。Will you give me a helping hand?请你帮我个忙好吗？Would you open the window, please?请你开下窗户好吗？If you will read the book, I will lend it to you.假如你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。I will do anything to help you.我愿意做任何事情来帮助你。I will never do that again

19、.我决不会再那样做了。The boy will sit there for hours looking at the traffic go by.那个男孩常常在那儿坐数个小时，看车来车往。He would go to the park to have a walk after supper.他过去常常在晚饭后去公园漫步。The car wont go.车发动不了了。He pushed the door, but it wouldnt open.他推了推门，但开不了。Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but say wh

20、ere he was.A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. wouldnt D. mightnt答案：C思路分析：根据but及其前句my brother called to say he was all right所表达的语境可知，此处应该选择wouldnt，表示意愿。句意为，几天后，我哥哥打 来说他一切都好，但是不愿意说他在哪儿。must，mustnt与have to的用法When you eat fish you must be careful with the bones.当你吃鱼时一定要小心鱼刺。Well, you have to eat food with plenty

21、of fibre that helps you digest better.好吧，你得吃一些含纤维量多的食物，从而能帮助你更好地消化。1. must表示说话人主观上认为“必须、“应该。否认形式must not / mustnt表示“制止，不准，不要命令、建议、要求。must问句，否认答复须用neednt或dont have to答复。2. must表示肯定推测把握及可能性较大；只用于肯定句中must+动词原形推测如今，must+ have done推测过去3. must可表示“一定，非要，偏要，用于对某种与说话人意愿相反、不受欢送的事的质疑和反对。4. if you mustdo sth.“假

22、如你一定要那么做，表示虽不赞同却可允许。5. have to表示客观需要，常作“不得不；只好讲。have to的相应形式可以表示如今、过去和将来“必须做某事。have got to是have to的口语形式。6. have to的疑问式是“Do / Does / Did +主语+have to?，否认式是“do / does / did not+ have to。You must come on time.你必须按时来。You mustnt lend the new book to others.你不准把这本新书借给其别人。Must we hand in our exercise books

23、today?Yes，you must. No，you dont have to.我们必须今天把练习册交了吗？ 是的，必须。不，你们不必。She must be tired after such a long walk.走了这么远的路她一定是累了。Must you play the piano at this time of night?你一定要在这么晚的时候弹钢琴吗？He must have been to Shanghai.他一定去过上海。Can I smoke here? 我可以在这儿吸烟吗？If you must. 假如你非要的话。Why dont you talk with that

24、foreigner? 你为什么不跟那个外国人交谈呢？My spoken English is poor, if you must know.假如你非要知道的话，我的英语口语很不好。 you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone?Sorry Sir, but its urgent.A. Can B. ShouldC. Must D. Would答案：C思路分析：句意为：你必须如今插话吗？难道你没看到我正在打 吗？抱歉，先生。但事情紧急。分析句意可知前者是问对方必须must要插话吗，答语中的“urgent也是关键信息；can表示“可以；should表“应该；would表“将会，均不合语境。用适当的情态动词填空1. He have the book when I finish reading.2. Even an experienced teacher make mistakes.3. I havent dec