DOC-机械设计专业毕业设计--英汉翻译--机械产品方案的现代设计方法及发展趋势-机械设计

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4、扔览浇讹甥顿垮庙挨渺郑股止岔斟熟讳殉浙屉技剃炮絮劲堆魁楔傀舷白困比至北斟薯汉顺珍挫约勋阅氮劫堆云缎魁楔钳抚盈困缮伶岔斟薯禄顺娩屉技屉炮氮刨窝尽涡渠舷盈困爸锅翌趾翼汉熟娩吵勉勋阅氮炮氮云堆啤楔钳辅白掷比The modern design method of the project of machinery product and deveolp trendAbstract:Under the current domestic and foreign scholars for mechanical design product design at the main thinking, produc

5、t program design methods into a system, modular structure, the characteristics of knowledge-based products and intelligent four types. That the four methods and the characteristics of the organic inter-linkages, product design efforts Computer directionKey words:mechanical products; Program design;

6、Trend INTRODUCTION The rapid scientific and technological development, product performance requirements of the growing number and complexity of increased life expectancy shortened. updating speed. However, the design of the products, especially machinery products in the design means, it appears powe

7、rless, lags behind the needs of the times. At present, computer-aided product design drawings, design, manufacture and production planning has been the subject of extensive and in-depth research and has achieved initial success, and the early stage of product development of computer-aided design pro

8、gram is far from meeting the design requirements. To this end, the author reading a lot of literature on the basis of summary of the design and scholars at home and abroad program design methods used in and discussed the various methods of organic link between the product and machinery design comput

9、er trend of development. Under the current domestic and foreign scholars for mechanical design product design methodology used in the main feature, The program will be of modern design methods summarized as the following four categories.1Systematic Design Systematic design of the main features : des

10、ign as by a number of design elements of a system, Each element is independence between the various elements of an organic link, and is layered, all combining elements of the design, system design can be realized for the taskSystematic design in the 1970s by a German scholar Professor Pahl and Beitz

11、. They system theory as a basis to formulate a general model designed to promote the design of rational should have. German Engineers Association in the design on the basis of formulate standards VDI2221 technology systems and product development design methods.The mechanical product design process

12、model, basically adopted the German standards VDI2221 the design. In addition, Many scholars in China in product design program design and also quoted from other developed systematic design, which is representative ：(1) The user needs functional characteristics as a product concept, design and struc

13、ture of parts design, process planning, operational control of the foundation, and the macro-product development process, the use of quality function deployment, System users will demand information reasonably and efficiently converted to the various stages of product development objectives of the t

14、echnical and operational control in order(2) The level of organisms as products of life, and the help of life-support systems theory, the product design process can be divided successfully demand levels, realize the concept of functional requirements and the level of product design level. While usin

15、g the System icon lives abstract expression products to the functional requirements, and form functional product structure.(3) The mechanical design of science into two basic questions : First, to design the products as a system and to determine the best components (modules) and their mutual relatio

16、ns; Second, the process of product design as a system, based on the design goals, correctly, reasonably ascertain all aspects of design work and the various design stage. As each of the designers to study issues and consider the perspective of the different emphasis program used in the design of the

17、 specific research methods, there are also differences. Below introduced some representative systematic design methods. 1.1 Design Element Method Used five design elements (functions, effects, effects vector elements and the surface shape parameters) described product solution think of a product des

18、ign of the five elements value is determined, all the characteristics of the products and eigen value already identified. My design scholars also used a similar method to describe the products original understanding.1.2 graphical modeling method Developed an analysis and design guidance system KALEI

19、T， with a clear level of graphic description of the product structure and the function of the abstract information, the realization of the structure, function graphical modeling, and the functional link between the layers Will be divided into design methods and supporting information exchange 2, Nij

20、ssen Information Analysis using methods can be used graphic symbols, with rich semantic model structure, Integration can be described conditions can be classified types of constraints can be achieved between the arbitrary combination of features Will design solutions and information technology integ

21、ration, and realizing the process of designing different abstraction layers of information between the graphical modeling. 1.3 idea - design Product design into ideas and design stage two. Concept stage of the mission is to find, select and mix design tasks required to meet the original understandin

22、g. Design stage of the work is to realize the conceptual stage, the original understanding. The program will be ideas specific description: According to the functional structure suitable for the design tasks required to meet the original understanding. Functional structure of the sub-function by the

23、 structural elements to achieve, and structural elements of the physical link between the definition of functional vector function vector and structural elements of the interaction it has developed the functional diagram (mechanical movement schematic). The program design is based on the functional

24、diagram, first of all qualitative description of the functional vector and structural elements further quantitative description of all the structural elements and the Connector (functional vector) the shape and location The structure diagram.Roper, H. Using graph theory, using his definition of tota

25、l design modules (GE) structural elements (KE), functional elements (FKE), connecting structure elements (VKE) structural components (KT), structural elements parts (KET) concept And describes elements of the structure size, location and transmission parameters of the interaction between a number of

26、 diagrams, Expert design and intuitive design of a formal description of the formation of the effective application of existing knowledge, will be applied to the concept and design stage.Design methodology from the point of view of the clear mandate of the design work is divided into three steps Des

27、ign: 1) Access to function and functional structure (referred to as functional); 2) Find effects (referred to as the effect); 3) Find structure (referred to as the configuration Rules). And the following four strategies used to describe the conceptual stage machinery products workflow: Strategy 1 :

28、The consideration functional Effect and configuration rules. Therefore, it can be in various steps were created variant programs, which have an extensive understanding of the original spectrum. Strategy 2: Effect and configuration rules (including designers create the rules) Association, considered

29、in isolation function (usually associated with the design task). At this time, identify typical configuration rules and their effect needs plenty of experience. The program is far less than the spectrum of a strategy program spectrum. Strategy 3: functional and effect, configuration closely related.

30、 Applicable to the function and effects of configuration rules and there is no room for choice, with special requirements, such as ultra-small machinery, extra large machinery, high-value functional components, and special functional requirements of the parts and so on. Strategy 4: According to the

31、structural design requirements of the solution. The strategy from the existing parts, through different parts of the order and connect to achieve the desired function. 1.4 matrix design:In the program design process requirements-function logic tree (or tree) Description, function of the interaction

32、between, met the requirements of the functional design solution set to provide different design. According the Request-functional logic tree requirement - function associated matrix, Description to meet the functional requirements for the complex relationship between shows that the functional requir

33、ements and the relationship between he gathers. Kotaetal matrix mechanical system as a basis for designing programs, include mechanical systems design space for the functional decomposition of space, each of which only said that the design of a module, abstract stage in the senior, Each module movem

34、ent and a transformation matrix can operate bound vector; Abstract stage in the low-rise, Each module is represented as a matrix and equations of motion. 1.5 bond graph:Will form a system into functional components to generate energy, energy consumption, changing energy forms, such as various types

35、of energy transfer, Bonding and borrowing plans expression of functional components solutions, hope will be based on the functional model and Bond Graph integration, achieve functional structure of the automatic generation and functional structure and bonding between the map automatically converted,

36、 seek from the bond graph produce multiple design method. 2 The modular design structure:Products from the planning perspective: Definitions design tasks to the functional structure-based products, use existing product solutions (such as the common parts and components, etc.) to describe the design

37、task that the decomposition of tasks on each task to consider whether there are corresponding product solutions, Thus, in the planning stage product design to eliminate possible contradictions, early production forecasts, costs, and the development of the design process of adjustment, which can impr

38、ove design efficiency and reliability, while also reducing the cost of new product. Feldman will describe the design of the function of the product mix is divided into four tiers, (1) product (2) functional components (3) major functional components (4) functional components . And using application-

39、oriented features of the directory structure, the functional components for more specific qualitative and quantitative description. Meanwhile develop products suitable for the development of an early design stage and the use of the software tools STRAT. That the majority of machinery specialized fun

40、ction can be used existing product solutions, and with the new solution is only a small number of special features, Therefore, the exclusive use of mechanical design functions of the product mix, machinery specialized for the evaluation of the design, manufacturing risks are very favorable. Promotio

41、n of the product function on the basis of the analysis, Decomposition products will have some functions into one or several of the basic modular structure, through options and combinations of these basic modular structure formed into different products. These basic structures can be parts, component

42、s, or even a system. Ideal modular structure should be standardized interface (connectivity and with the Department), and is serialized, GE, integrated, hierarchical, flexible, economy, interchangeability is, compatibility and relevance. Chinas combination of software component technology and CAD te

43、chnology, design and deformation of composite design combined, Modular principle according to the classification of machine tools from large processing center into product level, component level, component level and the component level, and the use of expert knowledge and technology CAD their portfo

44、lio into different varieties and specifications for the functional modules, by the combination of these functional modules into different processing center overall program.Design options for the directory as a variation of the mechanical structure tools, design elements for the solution of integrity

45、, Structure of the organization formed Solution Set design catalog. And the solution set design directory listed a comment on each of Additional Information Solutions, is very conducive to the solution design engineers to choose elements. 3. The characteristics of knowledge-based product design: Kno

46、wledge-based product design characteristics of the main features : using computers to identify the language to describe the characteristics of the product and its design experts in the field of knowledge and experience, corresponding inference engine and knowledge base, Reuse stored domain knowledge

47、 and reasoning mechanism established by the Computer Aided Design program. Mechanical systems design is mainly based on products with features and the design of experts in the field of knowledge and experience in policy-making and implementation capacity, completing the type, a composite. To achieve

48、 this stage of the computer-aided design, research must automatic acquisition of knowledge, expression, integration, coordination, management and use. 4. Intelligent Design: Intelligent Design is the main features : design theory, using 3D graphics software Intelligent design software and virtual re

49、ality technology, and multimedia, hypermedia tools for product development design, Expression product ideas, describing the structure of products. The use of object-oriented technology, focus on the chronology of the agencies synthesis package design expert system, and with the help of high-performa

50、nce graphics and the ability to handle the exchange of OpenGL technology, 3D environment from all angles of expert system design options for observation, If inter-agency campaign convergence position of conflict, and so on.5. Various design review and development trends: In summary, Systematic Desig

51、n will design tasks from the abstract to the concrete (from the design of the tasks required to accomplish the mission of the program or structure) hierarchical division drawing up each layer wishes to achieve the goals and methods of elementary, from abstract to concrete floors to be organically li

52、nked to the entire design process systematic so that the design rules to follow. There is a way to follow and easy computer-aided design process to achieve.Modular design of the structure, as have some method of achieving functional structure for a module, module structure of the portfolio, product

53、program design. For specific types of mechanical products, as part of its function is clear and relatively stable, Modules of the structure more easily, so that the structure modular approach to program design would be more appropriate. As with the functional entities is not between one-to-one corre

54、spondence between an entity can usually be a number of different functions, a function can often through several entities to be implemented. Therefore, the structure of the modular design approach for the general design of the product, Modules of the structure and are more difficult to choose, and t

55、he requirements of staff with a wide range of design experience and extensive knowledge in many areas. What is worth mentioning is : the above methods are not completely isolated, various methods exist to some extent on the links If modular structure design, module division structure contains a syst

56、ematic thinking, building products and design features inference engine and knowledge base, it is usually also need to use a systematic and structural modular approach, In addition, the characteristics of knowledge-based products while the design of intelligent design program is one of the foundatio

57、ns. In mechanical design products, as to achieve specific functions common parts, components or structure used for the module body, and the application of systematic design of the levels of specific design, Modular Approach to the forthcoming financial structure in a systematic design methodology, i

58、t can guarantee the standardization of the design, it can simplify the design process, improve design efficiency and quality, and lower design costs. Mechanical Products programs are moving towards computer-aided design to achieve, Intelligent Design Collaborative and meet the needs of design and ma

59、nufacturing direction. product design computer method of a late start, but there were no mature, be able to reach this target program design software tools. The writer believes that the integrated use of four types of text is designed to achieve this objective effective way. Although these methods are integrated use of the field more, not only with the mechanical