初中英语语法之一动词

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上动词一，类 别 意 义 例 子 例 句 1.行为/实义动词 含有实在的意义，表示动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语。 1)及物动词 :后面一定接宾语 open, visit, hear He visited Gaozhou yesterday. 2)不及物动词 后面可以不接宾语 laugh, cry, live He lives in Beijing . 2连系动词 本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。 be, become, grow, get, turn, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem The me

2、at smells bad . He is a student . 3.助动词 本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示否定、疑问、时态或其他语法形式 do, does, did, am, is, are, have, has, had, shall, will, should, would He doesnt speak English . We are playing football . He had gone to Beijing . 4.情态动词 本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数

3、的变化。 can, may, must, should, need, dare, shall, will, have to She can speak English . May I speak to Ann, please、 We must go now . 注：动词（除情态动词，只有原形和过去式）有原形、第三人称单数、动词ing、动词过去式、动词过去分词五种形式。二 关于情态动词：常见的情态动词有：can (could) ,may (might), must ,shall (should), will (would), dare (dared) , need, used to等,另外,ha

4、ve to、had better也当作情态动词使用。情态动词后面必须加动词的原形。1.can/could：表示能力，could主要指过去时间。可以=be able to。例如：I can draw. = I am able to draw.可能，表示一种推测。例如：It cant be Tom, hes in Beijing now.那不可能是Tom，他现在在北京。3）表示允许。Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-ro

5、om. 他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。2.表示请求、询问的情态动词：1） may (might) 1）表请求,允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。: 例如:May I help you?我能帮助你吗？ He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。表示推测，例如：The blue shirt may be Mikes.那件蓝色的衬衫可能是Mike的。She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。2）would: 例如：Would you like a cup of tea?来杯

6、咖啡怎么样？3）could: 例如：Could you please give a pencil?能给我一只铅笔吗？4）shall：后接第一、三人称，will：后接第二人称。3.表示要求的情态动词 1）should 应该。例如：We should keep the water clean. 我们应该保持水的洁净。2）need需要。这里要强调的是need有两种词性：情态动词和实意动词，后面直接加动词原形，例如：You neednt do your homework now.你不需要现在写作业。但当need作为实意动词出现时，need to do。例1：I dont need to find my

7、 key now.我要找到我的钥匙3must 1) 表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）2)表示推测，意为“想必、准是、一定”等例1：I must do my homework. Its eight oclock.例2：Whos singing next door？It must be Mike._还要注意的是由于must有两种含义，所以must的否定形式也有所不同，下面是它的三种否定形式：例1：You mustnt talk in class._例2：Must I do my homework now, mum? No, you neednt/dont have to._例3：That mus

8、t be_ Mr. Smith.No, it cant be_ him. He is in New York now.4had better=d better表示 “最好”例如：Youd better eat less sweets, or you will be fatter.你最好少吃些糖，否则会更胖的。5have to 不得不做某事_ .与must不同_专练：（ ）1. The baby is too young. You _ give her big pieces of food. A. may B. must C. may not D. must not （ ）2. Whos tha

9、t boy reading in the garden? It _ be David. I saw him in the classroom just now. A. must B. cant C. may D. shouldnt （ ）3. Thomas, please be quiet. The others _ hear very well.A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt （ ）4. Have you seen my glasses? I _ find them. Sorry, I havent seen them. A. cant B.

10、shouldnt C. wont D. mustnt （ ）5. _ you speak Japanese? No, I cant. A. Can B. Must C. May D. Should （ ）9. Will you answer the telephone? It _ be your mother. Sorry. I _. Im busy. A. can; mustnt B. will; cant C. may; cant D. need; will （ ）10. Im sure this book _ Li Leis, because there is his name on i

11、t. A. cant be B. may be C. might be D. must be （ ）11. Is Mr. Brown driving here? Im not sure. He _ come by train. A. may B. shall C. need D. must （ ）12. Listen! Is Professor Bloom giving a speech in class? No, it _ be him. He has gone to France. A. may not B. mustnt C. neednt D. cant （ ）13. Four hun

12、dred dollars for a pair of shoes, you _ be joking! A. may B. can C. need D. must ( )14Must I practice the violin now ,mom?-No, you _. You can go out for a walk. A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. neednt三动词时态 在初中英语中，共有八个时态需要掌握。它们是:1.一般现在时2.一般过去时3.一般将来时4.过去将来时5.现在进行时6.过去进行时7.现在完成时8.过去完成时一）.一般现在时A.一般现在时的

13、使用及时间标志一般现在时表示一个习惯性、经常性的动作。(every，on Sundays, always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, hardly, never)自然规律也要用一般现在时来表达。例如：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。 The earth moves around the sun.地球围着太阳转。B.一般现在时的句式:I/we/you/they用动词原形，疑否借助do: he/she/it动词变三单，疑否借助does,且三单要还原。 肯定式 一般疑问式 否定式I

14、（you,we,they） work. Do you(we,they） work? I(You,We,They） do not work.He (she, it) works. Does he (she, it) work? He (she, it) doesnt work.C. 动词的第三人称词尾变化：当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s或-es：1)一般在词尾加-s，2)以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的词加-es，3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i, 再加-es,巩固练习：写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式。1. cook _2.watch_3.build_4.have_5.wash

15、_6. enjoy _7. go _8 receive _9 cry_10. close _11. drive _12. choose _13. play _14. reach _14.have_15.do_巩固练习：1、Lucy likes going skating with her friends. （改写成否定句）_2、Aunt Lis son has ten toy bears. （对划线部分提问）_3、His watch costs 300 yuan. （变成一般疑问句并否定回答）_4、I like being a nurse for the old. （变成一般疑问句）_5、张叔

16、叔每天乘坐地铁上班。_6、我们每周日常花三小时在图书馆看书。_7、我爷爷常常晚饭后出去散步。_二）一般过去时A一般过去时的使用及时间标志1）表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。yesterday, last week, an hour ago,just now, the other day, in 19822）表示在过去，经常或反复发生的动作。常与often,always等表示频度的副词连用。例如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。 3）一般过去式也可与today,th

17、is week,this month,this year等表现在的时间壮语连用，但这些时间壮语须指过去的时间，决不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思。例如：Did you see him today?今天你看见他了吗？B一般过去时的句式 肯定式 一般疑问式否定式I/We/You/They/He /She/It worked. Did I/you/we/they/he/she/it work? I did not work.否定式I/We/You/They/He /She/It did not work.C.动词过去式的规则变化：1)一般在动词原形末尾加-ed，2)结尾是e的动词在末尾加-d.3)末

18、尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed 4)结尾是“辅音字母y”的动词，先变“y”为“I”再加-ed巩固练习：写出下列动词的过去式形式。1. put _2. drink _3. cry _4. pull _5. ride _6.begin _7. sit _8. run _9. take _10.sweep _11. stop _12. solve _13. rob _14. wait _15. lie _16. turn _17. explore _18. drop _19. clean _20. produce _21.get_22.laugh_23.pay_24.

19、die_25.prefer _巩固练习：1、Yesterday I went swimming.(改写成否定句。)_2、He was born in Shanghai.(对划线部分提问)_3我昨天买了一辆新自行车。_4、我前天读了一本书。_三)现在进行时一、 构成：am/is/are+动词的现在分词 二、动词V-ing的构成形式:1)一般在动词原形末尾加-ing2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing.4)以ie为重读音节结尾的动词，先去掉e,把i改为y,再加-ing.5)以er结尾的动词，如是

20、重读音节结尾，先双写r，再加-ing；如不是重读音节结尾，就直接加-ing 例如prefer-preferring water_watering三）时间标志：now，right now ，at the moment，” Look！Listen！注：1）虽然有now，但可能表示其它时态，需要同学们综合考虑。2）另外，在there be句型中我们也要用进行时。例如：There is a boy swimming in the river.3）表示位置移动的词( go, come, leave)等,他们的进行时形式是(be going, be coming, be leaving) 表示即将发生或计

21、划要做的事.如: Miss Li is leaving for London tomorrow.李小姐明天去伦敦。巩固练习：写出下列动词的现在分词形式。1、win _ 2、relax_ 3、jump _4、make _ 5、have_ 6、talk _ 7、tie_ 8、cheer _9、enjoy_ 10、cry_11、come _ 12、fit_ 1、Bruce often writes letters in English. （用now改写句子）_2、2. are surfing. （对划线部分提问）_3、瞧，那些孩子们玩的真高兴！_4、这些天工人们一直在尽力修补那些坏了的帐篷。_ .四

22、)过去进行时 一)、过去进行时的构成：was/were+动词的现在分词(-ing) 二、过去进行时的用法：1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表过去的时间壮语连用。(at this moment/time yesterday,atthat time, from seven to nine yesterday morning)例如：At this moment yesterday, I _(pack) for camp. 昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。2、表移动的动词，如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时，

23、可以表示过去将要发生的动作。例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。3、在含有时间状语从句when/while/as的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。例如：It _( rain) when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。巩固练习：1、Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes2、As she _

24、 the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read；was fallingB. was reading； fellC. was reading； was fallingD. read；fell五）一般将来时A.一般将来时的使用和时间标志：表示将来发生的事实，常与tomorrow, soon, later, next , in+一段时间（一段时间后），等连用。B.一般将来时的句式 1）be going to do表示1、表示主语进行某一行动的打算意图。2、表示说话人确信如此或有某种迹象表明某事即将发生。例如：Look at the dark clouds, ther

25、e is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。2)will /shall+ do表示将来,在口语中，will在名词或代词后常缩为ll，will not常简缩为wont。在疑问句中，主语为第一人称时（I和we）时，常用助动词shall。例如：Shell go to play basketball. 她要去打篮球。 Shall we go to the zoo? 我们要去动物园吗？巩固练习：1. Mrs. Brown is going to buy a digital camera. （对划线部分提_2.My boss is going to fly to London

26、 on business the day after tomorrow. （用often改写句子）_3.Sam will visit Brazil next week. （变成一般疑问句并否定回答）_4. 他们今晚要去看足球赛。_5.金一家人什么时候去长城啊？_六）过去将来时一）、过去将来时的构成：1、would/should+动词原形 2、 was/were going to+动词原形二）、过去将来时的用法：1、表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。例如：He said that he _(will) finish his work before 9

27、 oclock. 他说他会在九点之前完成工作。2、表示过去的某种习惯，只用would。例如：Whenever he has been in trouble,we _(will)give him a hand.每当他遇到困难时，我们总会伸出援助之手。巩固练习：1、He said that he _ (come)back tonight.2、I thought it _ （rain）soon.时态专练练习：1.I _(finish) my homework while you _(sleep) this afternoon.2.She said she _(no do) it again.3.I

28、_ (meet) him last week 4.John always _(say) that he still _(not know) how to use the Present Perfect Tense.5.If Peter _(come) tomorrow, I _(tell) him about it.6.Her elder brother_(join) the army two years ago.7.Look! We_(catch) such a big fish.8.When you _(have) a meeting, I _ (buy) some cakes in th

29、e next shop.9.We _(talk) about the development of the Internet on the lecture next Monday.10.They_(make) model ships from 3:00 to 5:00 yesterday.11.You _(fail) in the exam if you _(not work) hard.Choose the best answers:( ) 1. If it_ tomorrow, we_ on a trip to Hangzhou. A. rainswont goB. rains.go C.

30、 will raingoD. will rainwont go( ) 2. We _the important meeting on a cold morning last week.A. was hadB. was heldC. heldD. hav( ) 3.It_ dark. Lets go home now.A. gettingB. is gettingC. getD. is sounding( ) 4. Jenny_ over the text at 8:00 yesterday evening.A. readB. readsC. was readingD. is reading( ) 5. He told me that he _to see me next week.A. is comingB. will comeC. cameD. would come( ) 6. While Uncle Li _ the clock for us, we were playing cards.A. repaired B. repairsC. was repairingD. is repairing ( ) 7. There_ a footba