高中定语从句全面详细讲解附练习题

1、As 的用法例1. the same as;suchas 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和一样。I have got into the same trouble as he (has.2. as可引导非限制性从句,常带有正如。例1.As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.例2.As is known, smoking is harmful to ones health.As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语;例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式。一、“as / which” 特殊定语从句的先行成分1. 形容词或形容词短语作

2、先行成分, 具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分,如:My grandmothers house was always of great importance to me, as my own is.在一定的语言环境里,有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是,在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后,引导定语从句的关系代词不能用who / whom.2. 动词短语先行成分。这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语,它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词do和as /2.定语从句和同位语的区别1.定语从句修饰限定先行

3、词,它与先行词是修饰关系;同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,它与先行词是同位关系。这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句。有时是连续几个句子,有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事。二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置由于先行成分的构成成分不同,“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况:2.定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导,关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分,关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that 引导,在从句中一般不担当成分;有时也由where, when, how, who, whether, what 等连词引导,这些连词则在从句中担当成

4、分。 The news that he told me is true. (定语从句他告诉我的消息是真的。2. 动词短语作先行成分时:动词短语作先行成分时,“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是,当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时,“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。3. 句子作先行成分时:“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活,可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引语,“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句,“as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义。由于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点,所以有时它的位置不能随便移

5、动。在非正式的文体里,“which”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。三、“as/which”特殊定语从句的语义功能The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve. (同位语从句我们如何筹集这么多资金,这个问题很难解决。The question that he raised puzzled all of us. (定语从句他提出的问题让我们很为难。 The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer. (同位语从句他是否一定会赢

6、得那场比赛,这个问题很难回答。表示结果的特殊定语从句与其先行成分之间存在着一定的因果关系,从句中往往使用有结果意义的词,如动词result, make, enable, cause和形容词interesting, surprising, delightful, disgraceful等。A. The idea that he we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. (同位语从句我们可以向老师请教,这个主意不错。表示评注的特殊定语从句对其先行成分所述事实的正确性有肯定的倾向,它通常与那些表示客观事实,普遍真理或某种习性的先行成分连用;从

7、句中则常用一些表示“合乎自然规律”、“众所周知”或“经常发生”等意义的词语,如natural, known to all, usual等。3. 有无状语意义“as”特殊定语从句具有状语意义(主要是方式状语意义,而“which”特殊定语从句则无状语意义。“as”特殊定语从句的状语意义要求它在语义上与其先行成分的语义保持一致,“which”特殊定语从句则不受这种限制。四、关系代词as与which的句法功能1. as / which 在特殊定语从句中作主语。as作主语时,谓语动词常为连系动词(主要是be, seem,主语补语为usual、a rule、a matter of fact等时,系动词be

8、习惯经常省略。行为动词作“as”特殊定语从句的谓语时一般用于被动语态(其中助动词be常略,不及物的行为动词在“as”特殊定语从句中作谓语的极少,常见的有happen一词。如:Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.Which作主语时,谓语动词不限,主语被动皆可,只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词be省略。2. as和which都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语。3. as和which在特殊定语从句中作补语。如:We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.“as”

9、特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装,“which”从句中则不能主谓倒装。如果先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语,关系代词用which而不用as。如:He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was.The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.Exercises:1.There are three bedrooms in the house,_ is Marys.A the smallest of whichB the smaller of whichC the smallest of themD the

10、 smallest one2. I dont like _ you speak to her.A. the wayB. they way in thatC. the way whichD. the way of whichA whoB whoseC in whoseD in which3.This is the best factory _we visited last year .A. whereB. whichC. in whichD. that4.Is this the factory _computers are built ?A. thatB. whichC. in whichD.

11、in that5.There is a moutain _ the top is always covered with snow.A whoseB of whichC itsD that6.please pass me the dictionary _cover is red .A. whoseB.itsC. whichD. which of7.1I have three children,and two of _ are doctors.2I have three children, two of _ are doctors.A.themB.whomC.whichD.that8. Thes

12、e houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected.A. likeB. asC. thatD. which10. Ive never heard so interesting a story _ you told me.A. asB. thatC. of whichD. about which11. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. ItB. AsC. ThatD. What11. They visited the house _the great writer was born .A. from whereB. in whichC. whichD. in where12. I told you _I know .A. all thatB. all whichC. all whatD. all whom13. Is there anything _I can do for you, sir ?A. thatB. whichC. whoseD