最新最全备课精编精讲精练中考英语语法专题八时态语态专题十非谓语动词

1、 专题十 非谓语动词【命题趋势】非谓语动词是比较难的语法项目之一。动词不定式的各种用法、动名词的固定搭配、现在分词和过去分词在语境中的运用及区别是各地中考经常考查的语法项目。【考点归纳】1、动词不定式的句法功能和固定搭配2、动名词的句法功能和固定搭配3、分词（现在分词和过去分词）的句法功能和固定搭配【语法精讲】在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）一、 动词不定式1、 构成及否定式：(not) to do2、句法和功能：1）主语：做主语的不定式通常用it作形式主语，把不定式放后面 To speak En

2、glish is not easy for us. =It is not easy for us to speak English. 2）表语：多数情况下，不定式做表语通常可转化作主语 My work is to clean the room every day. =To clean the room is my work.3）宾语：只能做某些动词宾语，一般不作介词的宾语 He likes to play basketball.4）宾补：在make, let, see, hear, watch等动词后接省to的不定式 She asked me to speak Chinese. He ofte

3、n makes his brother cry.5）定语：不定式做定语要放在修饰词的后面，尤其是不定代词和序数词的定语要用不定式. Have you got anything (to eat)?6）状语：不定式做状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致. I went to the library 【to study English】.二、动名词1、动名词的构成 doing2、句法功能：1）主语：谓语动词用单数 Eating too much is bad for your health.2）宾语：表示一般的习惯性或抽象行为或经常性的动作. I like playing basketball ver

4、y much.(动词宾语) Stamps are used for sending letters.(介词宾语)3）表语：多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成主语 His hobby is collecting stamps. = Collecting stamps is his hobby.4）定语：只表明他所修饰的词的用途，所属关系等。至于所修饰词之前. She is in the (reading) room. We should improve our (teaching) methods.三、分词1、分词的构成：现在分词 (doing) 和过去分词 (done) 两种2、句法功能：1）定

5、语：现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语和非谓语动词之间是主动关系；过去分词作定语，其逻辑主语和非谓语动词之间是被动关系。 Do you know the girl (standing under the tree)? 主动 Have you read the book (written by Guojingming)? 被动2）状语：现在分词作状语，非谓语动词和主语之间是主动关系；过去分词作状语，非谓语动词主语之间是被动关系。例如： The students went out of the classroom, 【talking and laughing】. （伴随状语、主动） 【Seen from

6、the hill】, our school looks more beautiful. （条件状语、被动）3）表语：现在分词表示主要性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态。 The situation is encouraging. The boy is too frightened to move.4）补足语：现在分词作补足语，宾补与宾语之间是主动关系；过去分词作补足语，宾补与宾语之间是被动关系.例如： Dont keep us waiting for a long time. （“我们”与“等”之间是主动关系） He will have his hair cut after school. （“

7、头发”与“剪、理”之间是被动关系）【归纳总结】一后面必须跟v-ing形式的情况1.动词： finish doing sth.完成做某事 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事；practice doing sth. 练习做某事 imagine doing,想象做某事；avoid doing sth.避免做某事 consider doing sth.考虑做某事；suggest doing sth.建议做某事 mind doing sth.介意做某事；keep doing sth.持续做某事2.固定短语： feel like doing sth.喜欢做某事 be busy doing sth

8、.忙于做某事；be worth doing 值得做某事； spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事；have difficult/trouble in doing sth做某事有困难 have fun doing.做某事高兴3.介词后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by等) be good at doing sth./ do well in doing sth.擅长做某事 thank sb. for doing sth.因为做了某事而感谢某人give up doing sth.放弃做某

9、事stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣be proud of doing sth. 做某事很自豪instead of doing sth. 而且不是做某事be fond of doing sth.喜欢做某事4.to作介词的情况look forward to doing sth期望做某事； prefer doing sth. to doing sth与相比较更喜欢； pay attention to doing注意做某事； be/get used

10、to doing sth.习惯于做某事；make a contribution to为做贡献二后面必须跟不定式（to do）的情况1.动词：agree to do同意去做； afford to do买得起；decide to do决定去做某事； hope to do希望去做；wish to do希望去做； fail to do做某事失败去; plan to do打算去做； pretend to do假装去做； refuse to do拒绝去做； would like to do想要去做；want to do想要去做某事； learn to do 学做；seem to do sth好像做某事；

11、want/would like to do sth. 想做；used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 asked sb. to do sth. 叫某人做事某事tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人去做某事 get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人去做某事follow sb. to do sth. 跟随某人去做某事2.固定结构be amazed to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事be excited to do

12、sth. 对做感到兴奋 be frightened to do sth. 害怕去做某事be glad/happy to do sth. 高兴去做某事be/get ready to do sth.准备做某事be sorry to do sth. 对做某事感到抱歉 be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊奇cant wait to do sth. 迫不急待地去做某事get/have a chance to do sth. 得到一个做某事的机会try/do ones best to do sth. 尽力去做某事too(for sb.) to 太以致不能 =not enough

13、to do prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿而不愿（常考）something to eat/drink 一些吃/喝的东西（词不定式放在something等后修饰这些Its + adj.+(for /of sb.) to do sth. 做某事（对某人来说）怎么样It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事（常考）Its best for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是最好的Its time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时候了Sth. is hard

14、/difficult/easy to do 做好某事很难/容易take turns to do sth. 轮流做There is no time (for sb. ) to do sth. 对（某人来说）没时间做某事了There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. 对某人来说没必要做某事三、后面既能跟不定式也能跟动名词的情况1、后加不定式或动名词意思相近的动词to do like doing 喜欢做某事 to do love doing 热爱做某事to dohate doing 憎恨做某事 to doprefer doing 宁可做某事 to dobegin/sta

15、rt doing 开始做某事 to docontinue doing 继续做某事2、后加不定式或动名词区别较大的动词remember to do(记住去做) remember doing(记得做过) forget to do(忘记去做) forget doing(忘记做过) try to do(设法做) try doing(试着做) go on to do(接着做另一事) go on doing(继续做同一事) stop to do(停下来去做) stop doing(停止做) cant help to do(不能帮助做) cant help doing(情不自禁做) need to do 需

16、要做某事need doing 需要做某事（被动）=need to be donewant to do 想要做某事want doing 想要做某事（被动）=want to be done四、后跟不带to的不定式（动词原形）的情况1在感官动词和使役动词后feel， hear，listen to，watch，look at，see， notice ，make，let，have等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时应省去不定式符号to。注意：将此句改为被动句时，省去的不定式符号to应加上。 在动词help后跟不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时，既可带to，也可不带to。2.助动词或情态动词后：do, did, doe

17、s, will, shall, would, should, can, may, must等后面接不带to的动词不定式。3.某些固定句型中1）Will（Would）you please（not）？请（不要）做某事好吗？2）had better最好做某事3）Why not？为何不做某事 4) would rather(not).宁可(不)； would rather.than.=would.rather than. 宁可做也不5）在祈使语气(或口语)中。五既可跟动词原形又可跟动词ing形式的情况see, watch, notice, hear, listen to等动词后面既可跟原形又可跟动名词

18、形式，跟原形时表示做过或经常做，跟动名词时表示正在做。see/watch sb. do sth.看到某人做过(经常做）某事 see/watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事hear sb. do sth.听到某人做过（经常做）某事 hear sb. doing sth.听到某人正在做某事【中考链接】【2013浙江杭州】Shes not strong enough _ walking up mountains.A. to goB. goingC. goD. went【答案】A【2013上海】47Even Tonys granddaughter，a five-year-old g

19、irl，asked him_ smoking A)give up B)gave up C)to give up D)giving up【答案】C【2013江苏无锡】9. Dont throw away the waste paper. It needs so that it can be reused. A. to destroyB. destroyingC. to collectD. collecting【答案】D【2012江苏苏州】7Paul made a nice cage _the little sick bird till it could fly Akeep Bkept Ckeep

20、ing Dto keep【答案】D【2012江苏宿迁】14. Which do you prefer, Chinese food or Western food? I would rather       Chinese food. Lets have noodles.   A. to have     B. having      C. had       

21、;  D. have【答案】D【2012山东聊城】31. _ English well, one must have a lot of practice.A. Speaks B. To speak C. Spoken D. Speak【答案】B【实战演练】基础练1 .It took him only two hours to finish _ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repaired 2.Jack said that he wouldn't mind _ for us. A. to wait B. wait

22、 C. waiting D. waited 3. My brother keeps _ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped 4. We should often practise _ English with each other. A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking 5. Keep on _ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. to try D. trying6.How much time did you spend _

23、the text? A. copying B. to copy C. in copy D. on copying 7.Though it sounds a bit too dear(昂贵),it is worth _. A. being bought B. buying C. to buy D. buying it 8.The farmers were busy _ cotton. A. to pick B. picking C. with picking D. pick 9. - Im too busy _ to my family.   - Why not call t

24、hem instead?  A. writing    B. to write     C. written     D. write10. - Look! The lights in the classroom are still on.  - Oh, I forgot _.  A. turning them off         &

25、#160;B. turn them off   C. to turn them off          D. having turned them off11. He devoted his life to _ the atomic theory. A. study B. be studied C. studying D. have studied 12. We are both looking forward to _ next week. A. going on voc

26、ation B. go on vocation C. be going on vocation D. have gone on vocation 13.You must pay attention to _ the works of Lu Xun. A. read B. reading C. reader D. be read 14.You should work tonight instead of _ TV. A. to watch B. you watching C. you watch D. watching 16.The heart keeps _ all the time. A.

27、to beat B. beating C. beaten D. to have been beating 17. It's no good _ over split milk. A. to cry B. crying C. cried D. cry 18. The classroom wants _. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning 19. All of the plans are very good. I really dont know _. A. which to talk     &

28、#160;     B. which to talk about    C. to talk about which          D. I asked you for help20. _ English well, one must have a lot of practice.A. Speaks B. To speak C. Spoken D. Speak21. She reached the top of the hill a

29、nd stopped _ on a big rock.  A. to have rested             B. resting  C. to rest                    D. rest22. Do you know the boy _ under

30、the big tree?  A. lay  B. lain  C. laying  D. lying23. Youd better _ your bike _ at once. It is Monday tomorrow, you know.    A. to have, mend              B. have, mended   C. hav

31、e, to mend              D. to have, mended24. There are many people _ to buy cars in the modern world.A. want         B. wanted       C. wanting    &#

32、160;D. to want25. “Cant you read?” the officer said _ to the notice.    A. angrily pointing          B. and point angrily  C. angrily pointed           D. point angrily提高练1.Many people

33、enjoy _ majiang(麻将). A. playing B. playing the C. to play D. to play the 2.Mike has got used _ up late at night. A. to stay B. stay C. to staying D. staying3.Once the heart stops _,death follows at once. A. beating B. to beat C. being beaten D. to be beating4.Mr Taylor went on _ in spite of illness.

34、 A. to work B. worked C. working D. to be working 5. I think it kind _.   A. of him to help me          B. for him to help   C. that he help me           D. of him helping me6. I rememb

35、ered _ this person somewhere before. A. seeing B. having been seen C. seen D. to see 7. Have you got anything _?    A. to open the box           B. opening the box with    C. opening the box      

36、0;     D. to open the box with9.Your clothes need _. A. washed B to be washed C. to wash D. being washed 10._ provides us with essential nutrients(营养),while _ provides us with oxygen. A. To eat; breathing B. Eating; to breathe C. Eating; breathing D. Eaten; breathed 11.He attende

37、d the party without _. A. invited B. inviting C. having invited D. being invited 12. Have you forgotten _$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing 13. energy, turn off the hot water after

38、you take a shower. A. Save B. Saving C. Saved D. To save14.It is no use _ without thorough _. A. to read; understood B. reading; understanding C. to read; understand D. read; to understand 15.When I went into the room，I found _ in bedAhim lying Bhe lying Che liesDhim was lying16. Drivers shouldn'

39、;t be allowed _ after drinking, or they will break the law. 来源A. drive B. driving C. to drive D. to be driven17. The policeman warned the young man _ after drinking.         A. never to drive             B

40、. to never drive          C. never driving              D. never drive18. - Whats the language _ in New Zealand?   - English.  A. speaking    

41、60;B. spoken      C. be spoken      D. to speak19. He didnt feel like _ out for a walk, because he had caught a cold. A. to go        B. goes      C. gone      

42、  D. going20. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.   A. learn   B. to learn       C. learned      D. learning21. A bird was seen _ into the classroom yesterday.   A. flew 

43、60;     B. to fly       C. fly       D. was flying22. We should do as much as we can _ water.    A. for saving       B. to save      C. save  

44、60;   D. saved23. The little boy woke up his father, _ “Happy Birthday!” A. call     B. to call     C. called        D. calling24. The car _ in Germany in the 1960s looks old now.  A. produced &#

45、160;    B. producing C. to produce     D. which produced25. The sick man stayed in bed, _ very terrible.   A. felt  B. feeling   C. is feeling   D. was feeling拓展练任务型阅读 (每空填一个单词)Although many Chinese students say that their kn

46、owledge of English grammar is good, most think that their spoken English is poor. Whenever I speak to Chinese students, they always say, “ My spoken English is poor”. However, their spoken English doesnt have to remain “poor”. I would like to suggest that there may be some reasons for their problems

47、 with spoken English.First, they fail to find suitable words to express themselves because of a limited vocabulary. The better answer is to improve their vocabulary. However, you can speak with a limited vocabulary, if you do your best to express yourself in English. Others will follow you as long as you use