2020年高考英语动词时态和语态知识点小结

1、艾库 il每个人甲熔地捉升门我!2017年高考英语动词时态和语态知识点总结动词的时态和语态是历年髙考英语测试的重中之重，一般占12 道题。命题思路有三：一是直接给出标志性时间状语，考生能依据所 给时间状语作出选择；二是给出时间状语，但所给时间状语有着较强 的干扰性，考生不能直接根据时间状语作出选择，需要结合语境判 断；三是没有任何时间状语，需要借助于上下文语境，才能作出正确 判断。考生应熟知常用时态和被动语态的构成及用法。髙考题往往不会 涉及单一的时态语态，而是更多地侧重于时态的交叉使用和呼应及与 语态的结合使用。所以解题时一定要结合语境，弄清时间的先后关 系，可根据不同情况采取“找标法”（寻

2、找时间标志词）、“呼应 法”（主从句时态呼应）、“搭配法”（固定搭配）、“语境法”等 解题技巧。一？识别标志词如果题干中有标志性的时间状语，则往往可以根据时间状语选择 相应的时态？例MOre than a dozen StUdentS in that SChOOIabroad to StUdy medicine IaSt year.A. Sent B. Were SentC. had SentD. had been Sent解析此题有明显的时间标志词IaSt year,提示我们应该使用 一般过去时；句中的主语StUdentS是被送的对象，应该使用被动语 态？答案为B?动词的时态一般都有其相应的

3、时间状语，请同学们熟记下列8种 常用时态所对应的时间状语？(1) 一般现在时：often, always, usually, seldom, now, every Clay 等？(2) 一般过去时：then, yesterday, IaSt week, after that, ago, in the following/next few months ?(3) 现在进行时：now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days 等？(4) 过去进行时：then, at that time, at this timeyesterday 等？(

4、5) 现在完成时：recently, lately, UP to/till now, SO far, in Ihe past/last few monthsyears, for+段时间， SinCe + 点时间等？(6) 过去完成时：before, by the end Of IaSt month/years- 等？(7) 一般将来时：tomorrow, today, next week/mOnth, In an hour, in the ing/following few WeekS 等？(8) 过去将来时：the following month, the next Week 等？命题角度及

5、对策高考测试动词时态须与句中时间状语一致时, 常在题干中加入具体情景，以测试考生对动词时态知识的实际运用能 力？敏锐捕捉时间标志词，并结合具体的语境，选择出正确的动词时 态，是解决此类问题的良策?二？主从时态须呼应2第2页共13页丈库-i上毎个人平等地提升门我!如果所给题干是主从复合句，可根据主从句时态呼应的原则选出 正确的时态？命题角度及对策近年来髙考考查主从句的时态呼应时，常放在真 实的并且符合实际的语境中进行考查？在根据时态呼应原则解题时， 要把握好以下几点：(1) 在时间？条件等状语从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来 时，一般过去时表示过去将来时，用现在完成时表示将来完成时？(2) 正确

6、认定主句动词及从句动词两个动作发生的时间，并认真 体会命题者所给出的语境？(3) 解答宾语从句与主句时态呼应题时，考生应熟知以下规则： 主句动词为现在时，则从句动词可根据需要使用任何时态；主句动词 为过去时，则从句动词须用恰当的过去的某种时态(表示客观真理时 使用一般现在时)？三？仔细体会语境近年来髙考试题对时态语态考查的要求越来越 髙，大部分试题趋向情境化？实际化？因此，仔细体会所给语境，根 据具体语境选择合适的时态是考生需要重点解决的问题？例： 一DO you think We ShOUId accept that offer?一Yes, We ShOUleI, for WeSUCh ba

7、d IUCk UP tillnow, and time out.A. have had；is runningB. had；is runningC. have；has been runD. have had；has been run【答案解析】AO由时间标志词UP till now知道，动作是从过 去延续到现在，所以第一空要用现在完成时；而根据语境可知时间快 要耗光了，所以第二空要用进行时表将来。一Can you tell me the timetable Of theSChOoIbus?一Well, the bushere for IheCamPUS at7： OO A. mA.WilI Ie

8、aVe B.IeftC is IeaVing D.IeaVeS【答案解析】D。考查时态，“校班车的时间表”是规定好的事 情，表示一般性动作用一般现在时。【精选试题】名校模拟题及其答案1. 一 What' S that terrible noise ?一 The neighbors for a party.A. have PrePareCI B. are PreParing C PrePare D. WilIPrePare2. NOW that She is OUt Of a job, LUCy going back toschool, but She hasn, t decided y

9、etA had COnSiderecl B has been COnSideringC has been PIeted D. is going to COnSider3. The mayor Of Beijing SayS that all COnStrUCtiOn WOrkfor the Beijing OIymPiCS by 20*A has been PIeted B has PIetedC WilI have been PIeted D. WilI have PIeted3第4页共13页*个人平等地提升门我!4 SeIeCting a mobile Phone for PerSOnal

10、 USe is no easytask because technoIogy SO rapidly.A is Changing B. has ChangeclC. WilI have Changed D. WllI Change5 IPing - POng quite WelIt but I haven" t hadtime to Piay SinCe the new yearA. PlayeCl B. WiiI PIay C. have PIayed D. Play6. ViSitOrS not to touch the exhibitsA WilI request B. requ

11、est C. are requesting D. are requested7. John and I friends for eight years. We first gotto know each Other at a ChriStmaS Party BUt We eachOther a COUPIe Of times before that.A had been； have Seen B. have been； have SeenC. had been； had Seen D. have been； had Seen8. ThiS is TeCr S PhOtO We miss him

12、 a lot. He trying to SaVe a Child in the earthquakeA. killed B. is killed C. WaS killed D. WaS kilIing9 一 HOW are the team PIaying ?一 They are PIaying Wel 1, but One Of themhurt.A. got B. gets C. are D. Were10. YOU haven, t SaiCl a WOrd about my new COUat Brenda. DO you Iike it ?一 I'm sorry, I a

13、nything aboUt it sooner. ICertainly Ihink it' S Pretty On you.A. WaSn, t Saying B. don, t Say C. won' t Say D. didn' t Say11. I WOnder Why Jenny US recently. We ShoUId haveheard from her by nowA. hasn t Written B. doesn' t Write C. WOn' t Write D hadn, t Written12. My UnCIe Until

14、 he WaS forty - five.A. married B. didn' t marry C. WaS not marrying D. WOUlel marry13. When WiII you e to See me, Dad ?一 I WiiI go to See you When you the trainingCOUrSeA. WilI have finished B. WilI finish C. are finishing D. finish14. 一 HOW IOrIg at this job ?一 SinCe 1990A Were you CmPIOyecl B

15、. have you been employedC. had you been GmPIOyeCl D. WilI you be employed15. With Ihe rapid growth Of POPUIatiOnt Ihe City In all CIireCtiOnS in the PaSt five yearsA. SPreadS B. has SPread C. SPread D had SPreacI16. The SiIence Of the Iibrary OnIy by the SoUnd OfPageS being turned OVerA. has been br

16、oken B. breaks C. broke D. WaS broken17. AlI morning as She Waited for the medical report fromIhe doctor, her nervousness A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown18. Why don, t you PUt the meat in the fridge ? It WilI fresh for SeVeraI days.A. be Stayed B. Stay C. be Staying D. have StayeC119

17、. 一 Sorry, Joe, I didr t mean to一 DOrf t Cali me “Joe” o I, m Mr Parker to you, and you forget it !A. do B. didn, t C. did D. don, t20. At this time tomorrowOVer Ihe AtianticA. we, re going to fly B. we' 11 be flying C. we" 11 fly D. we, re to fly21. The news Came as no SUrPriSe to me. I fo

18、r SOmetime that Ihe factory WaS going to ShUt down.A. had knOWn B. knew C. have known D. know22. I thought Jim WOUICl Say SOmething aboUt his SChOOIreport, but heit.A. doesn, t InentiOn B. hadn t meritiOned C. didn, t mention D. hasn, t mentioned5第7页共13页艾库 il每个人甲熔地捉升门我!23. NO One in the ClePartment

19、but TOnI and I that theClireCtOr is going to resiglA. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know24. AIthc)Ugh he has IiVeCl With US for years, heUSmuch impressionA. hadn' t Ieft B. didn' t IeaVe C. doesn, t IeaVe D. hasn, t Ieft25. how Can you POSSibIy miss the nevs ? It On TVall day long.A.

20、has been B. bad been C. WaS D WilI be26. 一 SOrry to have interrupted you. PIeaSe go on.一 Where WaS I ? YoU you didn, t Iike your father, S jobA. had SaiCl B. Said C Were Saying D had been Saying27. I arrived late； Ithe road to be SO iey.A. WOUldn, t expect B. haven, t expected C. hadn, t expected D.

21、 WaSn, t expecting28. I While reading Ihe EngIiSh textbook Luckily,my roommate WOke me UP in time !A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep C. fell asleepD. fall asleep29. Let, S keep to Ihe Point Or We any decisiOns.A. WilI never reach B. have never reached C never reachD. never reached30. My min

22、d WaSn' t On What he WaS Saying, so I' m afraid I half Of it.A. WaS missing B. had missed C. WilI miss D. missed答案与解析1、B根据题意先排除D项，因为回答方要说明书现在的情况；A 项have PrePare说明已经准备好，C项PrePare是目前的习惯性动 作，B项瑞在进行时表示动作的示完性。因此B项为最佳答案。2、B句意:因为LUCy失业了，所以她在考虑重返校园，但她现 在还没决定。根据题意说话者在说现在的情况，因此排除了 A、C、D 三项，B飞行员现在完成进行时

23、，表示现在的事，进行时强调“考虑” 这个动作的“未完性”，所以是最佳答案。3、C句意：北京市市长说所有北京奥林区克建筑将于20*年完 成。此题考查英语动词的语态和时态，很显然本题应该用被动语态， 因此排除B、D根据时间状语by20*,应选择将来完成时，因此选CA 题干中主句为 SeIeCting a mob订e PhOne is no easy task,谓语动 词表示了一种“含此刻在内的广泛意义上的现在时间”，使用的是一 般现在时态(is no easy task)；后面的状态从句(because-)中则说明原因为“技术更新变化迅速”，应采用现在进行时：(technology) is Cha

24、nging (SO rapidly)。现在进行时态在此表示 了一种“持续变化”的状态，体现了 “变化、趋势、发展和进展”5、D题干后的分句(but-)为转折语气，并在句中使用了现在 完成时态(I haven, t had time to PIay),表示自从 new year 以 来一直没有打过乒乓球，由此可以排除选项B (WilI Play)、C (have 9第9页共13页币个人平等地提升自我!Played) o由此推断前一人句中所说状态为"含此刻在内的广泛意义 上的现在时间”，则空中应该使用一般现在时态表达这一时间概念。6、D句意为：参观者被要求不触摸展品。所以应该用被动形式。

25、7、D第一空为现在完成时，与一段时间状语连用(for eight years)；第二空：在一次晚会上认识之前就见过，上是“过去的过 去”的一个动作，帮选D。8、C从上下文可知，Ted已经死了，属于过去发生的事情，对 于动词kill来讲，应是被动关系，故选C9、A由题中所设语境可知，一句队员受伤应是过去的动作，故选 AO10、D从对话题干所设语境看，此处谈论的是过去所没有发生的 事(you haven, t Said a WOrd)此对话中，Brenda为自己没能对 朋友所穿新衣早加赞赏向对方表示歉意；SOOner (=at an earlier time)作为附加状语传达了十分重要的时间信息。

26、此处仍应使用表示过去行为的简单过去时，与后面句子中的现在 时态(I CertainIy think)形成对照。其余选项所给时 态hasn' t Written US recently。11、A前句中recently与事句中动词民用的语气为重要提示：We ShOUld have heard from her by now. =We haven,t heard from her by now此处讨论最近该发生而没发生的事，用现在完成时态：hasn, t Written US recently.12、B marry是终止性动词，用在此notuntil句型中表示"我 叔叔直到四十五岁

27、才结婚。”13、D When从句中通常用一般现在时形式表将来时间。14、B答语中的SinCeI990是关键信息。15、B时间状语in the PaSt five years与现在时间有关。16、D图书馆的安静被打破，故须用被动语态；情景中找不出与 现在有关的时间信息，故A是错误的。17、C grow与as从句里的Wait发生。题干前半句为时间状语， 提供了极为重要的时间线索：All InOrning as She Waited,表示了 过去的一段延续时间，本空之中动词所表示的行为(her nervousness“grow”)与此同时进行。此处仍应使用一般过去时。本题中与现在时间相关的两个选项(

28、A. has grown B IS growing)很容易排除；D项(had grown)过去完成时态，应用于表示 过去特定时间之前的行为，与语境不符，也可排除。18、B Stay这晨是系动词的用法，不用被动形式。根据本题设空之后所执着续的形容词fresh判断，选项所给动词 Stay 为 系动词 (=to ContinUe Or remain in a PIaCe ,POSitiOn or COnditiOnCOLLlNS NEW ENGLlSH DICTlONARY), 因此，很容易 排除A项(系动词不可能使用权用被动语态)；从句意看，说话人向 对方提出建议(Why don, t you?)

29、,然后阐明依据(the meat will),应该是Stay的一般形式，而不会是进行式(C项be Staying)或完成式(D 项 have Stayed)。19、D注意Mr Parker这里针对的是"Sorry , joe”这件事，而 不是“I didn, t mean to”那件事。而前者正是“此时此刻”发 生的，故应用一般现在时。句意：你应称呼我帕克先生，你不是忘了 吧！题干选材为大小对话形式，语境完整，前者向Joe道歉，后者11第11页共13页让毎个人平等地提升自我!（joe本人）拒不接受道歉，认为称呼自己为JOe是：“套近乎”。提 醒并警千对方，语气非常严厉。20、B at this time IOnIOrrOW指明的是将来的某一具体时间， 故用来将