虚拟语气用法总结

1、虚拟语气的用法总结语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。语气的种类：(1)陈述语气 表示动作或状态是现实的，确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句，疑问句和某些感叹句。如 We are ready. What a fine day it is!(2)祈使语气 表示说话人的建议，请求，邀请，命令等。如 Open the door, Please. 应注意以下几点：1 .主语通常是第二人称 you,但多不出现，动词用原形，否定用 do not或者don' t加动 词原形 (或 be) 如 Be careful next time. Don ' t smoke

2、 here.2 .有时为了强调，主语也可以出现，而且可以是第三人称，谓语动词不加-s或者-es如You be quiet. He stand up.3 .祈使语气可以用 do加强语气 如Do come to see this Sunday.4 .在Let' s的祈使句后，疑问部分通常用shall we;在Let us后，疑问部分用 will you如 Let ' s go out for a walk after supper , shall we? /Let us clean our classroom, will you?5 .祈使句与连词and连用时相当于一个条件句，而a

3、nd之后则是表示结果。 如Think hardand you will have a good idea.(3)虚拟语气 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如 If I were you, I should study English.一.虚拟语气在条件从句的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn' train tomorrow, we will go to the park.如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能

4、发生的， 则是虚拟条件句。如Ifhe had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，列表如下：从句(条件句)主句(结果句)与现在事实相反的假设1)动词过去式2) Be用 wereShouldWould +动词原形CouldMight与过去事实相反的假设Had +分词ShouldWould + have+ 过去分词CouldMight与将来事实相反的假设 或实现的可能性很小1) should+ 动词原形2) were to+动词原形ShouldWould + 动词原形C

5、ouldMight例如：If he were here, everything would be all right.If her mother had taken the doctor ' s advice, she would/might have got well earlier.If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled.有时候省略if ,采用局部倒装语序。把 had /should/were 等动词(不包括行为动词)移 到从句的句首。例如：Were it to rain tomorrow, our picn

6、ic would be canceled.Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time.Should the earth stop running, what would happen?二.错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。If she had taken the doctor ' s advice, she might still be alive.If I were you, I would have accepted thei

7、r terms.三.含蓄条件句1 .有时候假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。如 Without air(If there were no air), there would be no living things.But for your help (If it hadn' t been for your help), I couldn' t have done it.2 .假设的条件通过上下文表现出来。I would go abroad for further study but that I am poor.I was ill that day. O

8、therwise I would have taken part in the party.3 .表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。(1)省去条件从句You could have washed your clothes yourself.(你本可以自己洗衣服的。)省去了 If you had wanted to 。(事实是：你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。)(2)省去主句(常用以表示愿望)If my grandmother were with me!(如果我的祖母和我在一起多好啊！)事实是：祖母已不在世。四、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用“wish+宾语从句”表示不可能实现

9、的愿望，汉语可译为“可惜、悔不该、但愿”。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去式；表示将来不可能实现的愿望用"would/could+动词原形”；表示过去不可能实现的愿望时用“ had+过去分词”。如：I wish I were better-looking.要是我长得再漂亮些就好了。I wish I had met the film star just now.我要是刚才遇到那位电影明星该多好啊！I wish I would be a solider.我想当一名军人。【考例】How I wish every family a large house with a beaut

10、iful garden!(上海 2002 春)A. has B. hadC. will have D. had had【答案】B在表示建议、要求、愿望、命令、坚持、想法(advise, command, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, suggest)等动词后面的宾语从句，或这些动词的同源名词后面所跟的同位语从句或表语从句中，从句谓语用“ should+动词原 形”，其中在美国英语中，should常省略。如：The young man insisted that I (shoul

11、d) go with his fellows.这个年轻人坚持要我同他的同伴们一起去。The doctor advised that he change his job.医生建议他换工作。【考例】 Teachers recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles toschool for safety.( 福建 2010)A. not allow B. do not allowC. mustn ' t allowD. couldn ' t allow【答案】A在would rather后的宾语从句中，谓语常常用

12、过去时来表示现在或将来的情况，用过去 完成时表示过去的情况。如：-Shall I open the window?一I' d rather you didn【考例】George is going to talk我可以把窗户打开吗 ？ 't.我觉得还是不要。on its culture.(A. focusC. would focus【答案】R在It is +江苏about the geography of his country, but I ' d rather he more 2010)B. focusedD. had focused形容词 (important, n

13、ecessary, good, right, wrong, better, natural,proper, funny, strange, surprising)动词原形”的结构。如：It is natural that she (should) do so.【考例】 Don' t you think it necessary that he+that从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“(should)+很自然她应该这样做。-I agree, but the problem is he has refused to.(to Miami but to New York?江苏2005)A. wi

14、ll not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; what【答案】R五、虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用B. not be sent; thatD. should not send; what1. if only的条件状语从句中的虚拟语气if only与I wish 一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所接虚拟语气的时态与 后所接时态的情况相同。如：If only the player had had more courage!这位选手再多有一些勇气就好了。If only Daisy would go with me!黛茜要是愿意和我一起去就好了！wish【考例

15、】Look at the trouble I am in! If only I your advice.(上海2003春)A. followedC. had followed【答案】G2. as if (as though) as if (as though)B. would followD. should follow方式状语从句中的虚拟语气引导的方式状语从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。(1) as if从句用陈述语气的情况。当说话者所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。如:It sounds as if it is raining.听起来像是在下雨。(2) as if从句用虚拟语气

16、的情况。当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。时态的形式如下：从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。如：从句虚拟语气动词He talks as if he knew where she was.他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。如：He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.他说起罗马来好像他以前去过似的。从句表示将来发生的可能性不大，谓语动词用"would (could, might) +动词原形”。如：It looks as if

17、 it might snow.看起来好像要下雪了。3.目的状语从句中的虚拟语气(1)以in order that, so that 引导的目的状语从句中，谓语多用could/might+ 动词原形，在口语中常用 can/could+动词原形She took a taxi so that she could get there on time.(2)以lest, for fear that 和in case引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用( should )+动词原形。She took an umbrella with her lest/for fear that/in case it sho

18、uld rain.六.其他形式的虚拟语气1. It ' s time that句型中的虚拟语气在It ' s time that 句型中，从句谓语通常用一般过去时或should+动词原形(should 不能省略)，其意为“(早)该做某事了”。如：It ' s high time that we were off.是我们该走的时候了。2 .在 would/had rather, would(just) as soon, would sooner和 would prefer结构中，也用虚拟语气。共同特点是：从句中动词用一般过去时，表示现在或将来要做的事；用过去完成时，则表示

19、过去的情况。I ' d rather you left tomorrow.I would just as soon you had told me the truth yesterday.I would rather have bought the dictionary.3 .表示“祝愿”时，常用“ may +主语+动词原形+其它”。如：May you have a good journey!祝你一路顺风！May your youth last forever!祝你青春永驻！ 强化训练1. more careful, his bus would not have knocked int

20、o the tree.A. If the driver wereB. Had the driver beenC. Should the driver beD.If the driver would have been2. the football competition, I would have gone to the concert yesterday.A. In spite ofB. But forC. Because of D. As for3. Look at the terrible situation you are in! If only you my advice!A. li

21、sten toB. would listen to C. had listened toD. have listened to4. Had Henry received two more votes in the last election, he our monitor now.D. would beD. did have wonA. must have been B. would have been C. were5. If the athlete won today, he eight races in a game.A. would have won B. wonC. must hav

22、e won6. It is time that our mayor measures to protect the poor in the street.A. takesB. tookC. has takenD. taking7. If I had read the report, I you all about it now.A. would tellB. will tellC. have toldD. wouldhave told8. It s a pity you didn t won the competition. I had had more practice.A. If only

23、 B. As if C. If notD. As withKey: 1-5 BBCDA 6-8 BAA虚拟语气专项练习60 题1. If only he quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie2. How I wish every family a large house with a beautiful garden.A. has B. had C. will have D. had had3. You did not

24、let me drive. If we in turn, you so tiredA. drove; didn t getB. drove; wouldn t getC. were driving; woul dn t get D. had driven ; wouldn t have got4. it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu BridgeA. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will5. I suggested the person to be put into pr

25、isonA. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if itA. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken7. I insisted to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with himA. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. h

26、e should to; is8. -Your aunt invites you to the movies today-I would rather she me tomorrow than todayA. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told9. -Would you have called her up ? -Yes, but I busy doing my homeworkA. was B. were C. had been D. would be10. I was ill that day, otherwise I the sports me

27、etA. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in11. _the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easilyA. Had it not been forB. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were itnot for12. If my lawyer here last Sunday, he me from goingA. had been, wou

28、ld have preventedB. had been, would preventC. were, preventD. were, would have prevented13. hard, he would have passed the examA. If he were to work B. Had he worked C. Should he work D. Were he to work14. today, he would get there by FridayA. Were he to leaveB. If he had leftC. Did he to leaveD. Ha

29、d he left15. Had you listened to the doctor, you all right nowA. are B. wereC. would be D. would have been16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she , she would have met mybrotherD. had comeA. has come B. did come C. come17. He busy yesterday, or he _you with your experiment.A. was, had he

30、lped B. was, would have helpedC. had been, would havehelped D. were, would have helped18. If it for the snow, wethe mountain yesterdayA. were not, could have climbB. were not, could climb C. had not been, couldhave climbedD. hadn t been, could climb19. Without electricity, human life quite difficult

31、 todayA. is B. will be C. would have beenD. would be20. -I am going to tell her the news-I would as soon as you her about itA. didn t tellB. don t tell C. hadn t tell D. won t tell21. Mike s father, as well as his mother, insisted he homeA. stayed B. could stayC. has stayedD. stay22. It was requeste

32、d that the play againA. should put on B. would put onC. be put on D. put on23. She insisted that a doctor immediatelyA. had sent forB. sendC. be sent forD. was sent24. -Did you scold him for his carelessnessYes, but itA. I d rather not do B. I d rather not have doneC. I should t do D. I d better not

33、 do25. If only I _my carA. hadn t lostB. wouldn t loseC. didn t loseD.haven t lost26. But for water, it impossible to live in the earthA. is B. would be C. wereD. wouldn t be27. I would rather you anything about it for the time beingA. do B. didn t do C. don t D. didn t28. The kind-hearted couple tr

34、eat the orphan very well as though he their ownsonA. is B. wereC. had been D. should be29. How the old people wish that they young once moreA. wereB. could become C. had been D. should be30. It is high time that we a meeting to discuss this problemA. holdB. heldC. have heldD. had held31. The thief c

35、losed his eyes he dyingA. even if , was B. though, would beC. even, had been D. as if,were32. I wish that you such a bad headache because I am sure that you would haveenjoyed the concertA. had not B. did not have hadC. hadn t hadD. hadn t have33. The chairman insisted that we the question againA. wi

36、ll discussB. to discussC. should discuss D. will be discussed34. He requested that the students them get in cropsA. helpB. to help C. helped D. helping35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody the rulesA. obeys B. ObeyC. will obey D. would obeyD.36. I wish I here then A. wasB. had been C. we

37、rewould be37. It is strange that he back so earlyA. came B. will come C. had come D. should have come38. Mother suggested that I _my homework first before watching TVA. didB. do C. shall doD. have done39. My suggestion is that the meeting off till nest SundayA. be put B. putC. should putD. had been

38、put40. He is talking so much about America as if he thereA. had been B. has been C. wasD. been41. The teacher demanded that the exam before elevenA. must finishB. would be finishedC. be finishedD. must be finished42. - Sorry, Joe. I did not mean to Don t call me “ Joe” , I am Mr. Parker to you, and

39、you forget it!A. do B. didn t C. didD. don t43. I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I but I all this morningA. would, have washedB. could, have been washing C. would have, have been washing D. could have, had washing44. How I wish I to repair the watch! I only made it worseA. had tried B.

40、hadn t tried C. have tried D. didn t try delayed45. How could I thank you enough?A. must do B. could do C. would have done 46. Key European governments insist Iraq actionto allow inspections to continueA. be, be delayed B. is, delayDon t mention it. Any other manitD. should have dones co -operation

41、good and militaryC. should be, be delayed D. is , be47. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, more deathsA. it would have beenB. it would beC. there would be D. there would have been48. What the customersfrom the company is that the goods right to theirhomes.A. requested, deliver B. dem

42、and, be delivered C. request, should deliver D. demand, delivered49. If law-breakers the society will be in disorderA. made unpunished B. came unpunishedC. wentunpunishedD. not punished50. We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we lateA. would be B. wereC. will be D. would have been51. Supposing he never, what would happen thenA. come B. came C. would come D. will come52. What do you think his proposal that we a play at the English meetingA. had put on B. should put onC. have put onD. will put on53. I hope that you rightA. will be B. should beC. wereD. would be54. As you k