英语写作-对比比较

1、Writing A Comparison / Contrast ParagraphAIMS: ordering material using the point-by-point method or the block method improving coherence by using transitional phrases common to comparison/contrast writing taking a step-by-step approach to create comparison/ contrast paragraphs studying model paragra

2、phs to create comparison/ contrast paragraphsComparison shows similarities between persons, places, things, ideas, or situations.Contrast points out the differences between persons, places, things, ideas, or situations. Two Basic Methods for Organizing Comparison / Contrast Paragraphs1. If you let A

3、 and B stand for the two things (subjects) being compared, then you can use the block method in which you tell all about A, then tell all about B. Thus you discuss A in a block and B in a block.2. If you let A and B stand for the two things (subjects) being compared, then you compare them point by p

4、oint. Every time you say something about A, you also say something about B 一right in the same sentence or in the sentence immediately following.COMPARISON AND CONTRASTSubj&ct by SubjectPaint by PointTS: My two coudnsare very different.VS: My two cousins arc very different.JoanneA. appearanceB. p

5、ersonalityC. hobby/lnterestII. MaryK mppemranceB. personalityC. hobby/interestIyI. AppearanceA. JoanneB. MaryIL Personality A. Joanne B, MaryIIL Hobby/lnterestA. JoanneB. MaryCS: My eouEjns arc eomplets opposites.CS: My cousins are complete opposites.Nfy cousins Joanne and Mary couldn't be mare

6、different. Fiist, the most 5trikin g diffeenc e is their ippearan.ee. Joanne s appearance is bizaire. For example, her hair is partially shaved and dyed pink and飞 covered in tattoos. In a.dditicri7heiclothes are ripped and hive pictures on themof things Like skulls. In contract g Joanne. Mary laak &

7、#39;笛 ry cccser ative inha- appexnce-Her naturalLy blond hair is usually in a ponytail and her favorite clothes are sweats or a. soccer uniform. Secondly:my nvo coasim ue very di flier mt uh en it com es to their perscnaliti es. Joanne is wild. For installsht 11 do entrant ous things. like±e ti

8、me sht got her nest pi er cfd. Anather timi: vkehitchhiked to Sail Francisco at 2 :C0 a.m. Unlike jQanne: Mary likes to fallow the rules. For。4皿pit she s never missed a day of school, and she can he relied on to be the design aied driver any time she goes out to a party. Finally, mynvo cousins h$ e

9、completely diflfereni interests. Joanne is interested in music. She plays the guitar in a punk rock band ?he 1 dv« io go to dubs and concerts to check out oth" bands. In comrasx.Man- i、a jock She pl 375 alm。氧 cv spoiL but soccer i5 h 4 &、'oritu.5七亡 n shes not pt aying spons, she

10、9;s watching th cm ontekxi si an or in person Truly J f Ididax already know that Joanne indMai> are cousins, I would never guess th ai they re relited to each o± becaus e ±eyTre complete opposite.Oppo sit C3My cousins Joanne and Muy couldnIbe more different First, Joanne is a Total noac

11、on foimist. F oi out tiling, Joanne s appearance is bizarre. For c?ianiple: her hair i s panially shaved and dyd pink二 and she's co'ered in tittoo5. In iddiTion:her favorite clothes are ripped and have pictures on them of things like skulls. Furtheim 口工之 Joanne has a vildperscnality. For hts

12、taiiceT she 11 do ourngeotis thing工 like the time she got her nose pierced. Another rime: die hitchhiked to San Francisco at 2.00 a m. Finally, when it coihes to interests, Joanne is leally into music. She plays the guitar in a punk rock band, and she loves to go to clubs and concerts to check out o

13、ther bands. In contrast, Mary is the tot ail opposite of Joanne. For one thing n Mazy， appearance is vert- conseiativ. For instance, her naturallv blond hail is usndlv in a ponvtail； and her fivorire clothes are swears or a soccer unifoim. Unlike Joanne± Mary is tke type af person who lilces to

14、 follow the rules. For eximple. she ne'er missed a day cf school, and she can be relied on to be the designated driver any time she goes out to a party. Finally, Mary is 1 jock. She plays almost every sporr, but soccer is her fivorite. V/hen she s not playing spoils, sh s witching them on televi

15、sion or in per&on. Truly, if I di*±n t already ku on That Jo nine and kry are cousins, I would never guess thai they re related t口 each oilier beca_u.se they re compleie opjyo sit es,The Topic SentenceYour topic sentence should identify both items (subjects) to be compared or contrasted and

16、 tell the reader exactly what you are going to say about these items (attitude).,(poor) Our pup, Tuffy is different from our cat, Hector.(good) The difference in temperament between our pup, Tuffy, and our cat, Hector, is a constant source of amusement.The BodyOnce you have decided on a good topic s

17、entence, list all the points of comparison/ contrast that you can think of. Next, review the list and eliminate any points, which are irrelevant or unimportant. Now, organize your details in a logical sequence, and begin your rough draft. The ConclusionThe most effective conclusion for a comparison/

18、contrast paragraph is usually a final sentence, which reinforces the controlling idea.,If you could see Tuffy and Hector together, you could scarcely help laughing at the contrast between these two household playmates.A Good Example of the Block Method:Students who have Mr. Jones and Mr. Smith are i

19、mmediately aware of the difference in the lecturing manner of each teacher. Mr. Jones has a pleasant voice, which helps hold the interest of the students. He pronounces clearly in a rhythmic pattern emphasizing key words. His moderate tone and inflected words make his lectures interesting. Mr. Jones

20、 also adds humour to his subject, and hewel comes questions from students who don ' t understand the material. He takes his time and explains slowly. He tries to make sure that his students understand a concept before he moves on to something new, and he is very enthusiastic about his subject. M

21、r. Smith, on the other hand, has a different tone, pronunciation, expression and attitude from Mr. Jones. He has a booming voice, which commands rather than teaches, and sometimes it is hard to understandbecause he runs his words together. His lectures are not as interesting as those of Mr. Jones, e

22、ither, because Mr. Smith speaks in a boring monotone. He also hates to be interrupted;feeling that he must cover everything. Mr. Smith teaches every class in a serious, determined mood. Thus, as the above points illustrate, the lectures of Mr. Jones and Mr. Smith are quite different.A Good Example o

23、f the Point-by-Point Method:Students who have Mr. Smith and Mr. Jones are immediately aware of the difference in the lecturing manner of each teacher. Mr. Jones has a pleasant voice, which helps hold the interest of the students. Mr. Smith, however, has a booming voice, which commands rather than te

24、aches. Mr. Jones pronounces clearly in a rhythmic pattern emphasizing key words. On the other hand, Mr. Smith mumbles, running his words together. The moderate tone and inflected words of Mr. Jones make his lectures more interesting than those of Mr. Smith, who speaksin a boring monotone. Mr. Jones

25、also adds humour to the subject, whereas Mr. Smith is always serious about each lesson. Mr. Jones welcomes questions from students who don' t understand the material, as compared to Mr. Smith who hates to be interrupted. Mr. Jones takes his time and explains slowly, whereas Mr. Smith rushes thro

26、ugh each lesson. Mr. Jones is very enthusiastic about his subject: he tries to makesure everyone understands a concept before he moves on to something new. Mr. Smith, however, is always in a determined mood; he feels that he must cover everything. Each teacher has a different voice, tone, pronunciat

27、ion, expression, and attitude: and as a result, their lectures are quite different.COMPARE AND CONTRAST Key Words comparison : like similar as same in the same way too both most important have in common the same as similarly as well ascontrast :although yet whereas however but while differ instead u

28、nlessunlike on the contrary contrary to even though on the other handthe reverseWhenyou compare one subject to another , you show howthe two are alike, or similar.Example: The dog, like the cat, is a household pet.When you contrast two subjects, you show how they are different.Example: The dog, unli

29、ke the cat, is dependent on its master.Sometimes, both comparison and contrast are used in the same sentence.Example: Both the dog and the cat make good household pets, but adog requires more attention than a cat.ExerciseReadthe paragraphs and answer the questions below. Thousands of years ago the N

30、ative people of North America had to build houses that fit their life. One kind of house was a tipi. The Plains people lived in tipis. Tipis were easy to put up and take down. In fact, it only took about half an hour to set them up. This was perfect for the Plains people who spent their time hunting

31、 and following herds of animals.The Inuit, who lived in the cold Arctic region, spent part of the year living in igloos.Igloos were temporary homeslike tipis. However, they were built for the cold winter months, whereas a tipi could be used year round. Both tipis and igloos had one main room that th

32、e family lived in and were usually made for a single family. Tipis and igloos were made of very different materials. Igloos were madefrom blocks of snow stacked on top of each other, while tipis were made from buffalo hide, tree bark, or grass. The shape of tipis and igloos was also different. Tipis

33、 were cone-shaped, using three or four poles for support. In contrast, igloos were dome-shaped.1. Is this paragraph comparing and contrasting two things?Yes No2. If no, how do you know it is not a compare and contrast paragraph?3. If yes, what two things are being compared?4. Circle the key words in

34、 the paragraph that show that the author was comparing and contrasting information. In-class exercise: Using Comparison/Contrast To get some practice using comparison/contrast as a rhetorical technique, prepare to write a comparison/contrast paragraph(s) based on one of the following topics (or come

35、 up with one you like better):High school and CollegeRaising a pet and raising a childTwo career choices or majors you're contemplatingTwo colleges you've considered attendingTwo jobs you've hadTwo books you've read, or two movies you've seenTwo close friendsTwo teachersOnce you decide on your subject, follow the three steps below to help you practice using this technique.STEP 1: Establish categories to focus your analysis.Fo