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1、一.宾语从句的定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。二.宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:连词:that (that 常可省略),whether, if代词:who, whose, what ,which 副词:when ,where, how, why 等。(一)that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:say, think, wish, hope
2、, wonder, know, see, believe, agree, order, feel, hear, mean, report等。例句:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.注意事项:当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。例句:I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.注意事项:许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从
3、句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语。例句:I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.(二)由whether,if 引导的宾语从句由whether(if)引导的宾语从句,实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来,在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用,例句:I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。只能用whether,不能用if引导的宾语从句在带to的不定式前 例句:W
4、e decided whether to walk there.在介词的后面 例句:Im thinking of whether we should go to see the film.在动词后面的宾语从句时 例句:We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week直接与or not连用时 例句:I cant say whether or not thet can come on time.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果” 例句:The students will go on a picn
5、ic if it is sunny.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时 例句:He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday.引导状语从句even if(即使)和as if(好象)时 例句:He talks as if he has known all about it.(三)连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的,宾语从句要用陈述句语序。英语中的连接代词有:who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。例句:Can you tell me whom you are waitin
6、g for?英语中的连接副词有:when,where,why,how,在句中担任状语的成分。例句:None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.三.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即:连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例句如下:I dont know what they are looking for.Could you tell me when the train will leave?Can you imagine what kind of man he is?四.宾语从句的时态主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任
7、何时态。例句:The headmaster hopes everything goes well.主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句:She was sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。例句:The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.五.宾语从句的特点宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。连接词that引导宾语从句在句中
8、无词义,不充当句子成份,多数情况下可以省略。whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句,但 whether后可紧跟or not;如果从句太长,可以用形式宾语it.宾语从句练习题 I从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。 1. I don't know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, I'll tell you A. if; Whether&
9、#160; B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If 2. I don't know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when
10、60;does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether he'll come 3. Could you tell me
11、_ the nearest hospital is? A. what B. how C. whether D. where 4. Could you tell me _
12、;the radio without any help? A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended 5.&
13、#160;I want to know _. A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking
14、; D. whom she is looking after6. Do you know where _ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. d
15、id he live 7. Do you know what time _? A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the tr
16、ain leaves 8. I don't know _. Can you tell me, please? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C.
17、60;the two players are how old D. how old the two players are 9. The small children don't know _. A. what is their stockings in &
18、#160; B. what is in their stockings C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings 10. I can't understand _. A.
19、60;what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means II. 按要求转换句型。 1. Does Mr.
20、160;Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?(改写句子) Could you tell us _ Mr. Brown _ living in China? 2. "Does the girl need any help?” he asked
21、me.(变为复合句) He asked me _ the girl _ some help 3.Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.(合并为一个句子) _ Jim _Tom is a student. 4. When does t
22、he train leave? I want to know.(改为含宾语从句的复合句) I want to know _ the train _. 5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用notuntil改写) They _&
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