机械原理大作业凸轮

1、Harbin Institute of Technology大作业设计说明书课程名称： 机械原理 设计题目： 凸轮机构设计(16) 院 系： 机电学院 班 级： 1008108班 设 计 者： 余天凯 学 号： 1100800102 指导教师： 陈照波、刘福利 设计时间： 2012.6.18 哈尔滨工业大学1.设计题目如下图所示直动从动件盘形凸轮机构，其原始参数见参数附表。根据给出参数设计该凸轮机构。参数附表：升程（mm）升程运动角（°）升程运动规律升程许用压力角（°）回程运动角（°）回程运动规律回程许用压力角（°）远休止角（°）近休止角（&#

2、176;）10090等加等减速4080正弦加速度70901002.推杆运动规律2.1推杆运动规律令f为凸轮转过的角度，w为凸轮转动的角速度，h为推杆的升程定义： 为凸轮的升程运动角； 为凸轮的回程运动角； 为凸轮的远休止角； 为凸轮的近休止角因为推杆的升程运动规律为等加速等减速运动规律，回程运动规律为正弦加速度运动规律，因此可得出推杆升程与回程的运动方程：.凸轮推杆升程运动方程为：.凸轮推杆回程运动方程为:2.2推杆的位移、速度、加速度线图依次如下：3. 图像 3.1 图像 3.2确定基圆半径与偏距： 图中斜率为正的直线与纵轴正方向的夹角为升程许用压力角，未过原点的斜率为负的直线与纵轴正方向的

3、夹角为回程许用压力角，过原点的直线与纵轴负方向的夹角为升程许用压力角。最终三条直线下方的公共区域内即可确定基圆半径与偏距，为了尽可能得到合理的凸轮设计方案，因此确定偏距为20mm，S0为90mm，则基圆半径r0为=92.195mm，确定基圆半径与偏距的图像如下图示：三条线分别为推程许用压力角、回程许用压力角、推程起始点压力角约束条件.4.确定滚子半径以及凸轮轮廓的绘制：4.1 理论轮廓线的绘制理论轮廓线是把滚子中心视为尖顶从动件的尖顶，将滚子中心的运动规律当作尖顶的运动规律以此求得的尖顶从动件轮廓。理论轮廓线方程 4.2 滚子半径的确定工作轮廓曲率半径a、理论轮廓曲率半径与滚子半径r三者存在如

4、下关系a=+r此时工作轮廓曲率半径恒大于理论轮廓曲率半径，若满足滚子半径小于理论轮廓曲率半径，便可得到凸轮的工作轮廓。取滚子半径r=10mm4.3 实际轮廓线的绘制实际轮廓线为以理论轮廓线上各点为圆心，以滚子半径为半径的滚子圆族包络线，本题中该凸轮的内包络线构成工作轮廓线。 工作轮廓方程： 如下图，理论轮廓为外围的红色轮廓线，实际轮廓为内部的黑色轮廓线 如下图，外围最密集的为滚子轨迹，最内部的黑色圆为偏距圆，蓝色线为基圆5.Visual Basic程序代码5.1推杆运动方程图线Option Explicit '定义自变量Dim f As Double '角度Dim w As D

5、ouble '凸轮角速度Dim s As Double '推杆位移Dim v As Double '推杆速度Dim a As Double '推杆加速度Dim h As Double '升程Dim f1 As Double '升程运动角Dim f2 As Double '回程运动角Dim fs1 As Double '远休止角Dim fs2 As Double '近休止角Dim T As Double '回程中的TDim i As Double '递增量Dim fj1 As Double '角度递增

6、量Dim pi As Double '圆周率Dim pa As Double '角度弧度转换Private Sub Form_Load() '赋值Form1.WindowState = 2BackColor = vbWhitepi = 4 * Atn(1)pa = pi / 180h = 100f1 = 90 * paf2 = 80 * pafs1 = 90 * pafs2 = 100 * paEnd SubPrivate Sub command1_click() '推杆位移曲线Set Picture1.Picture = Nothingw = Text1.Te

7、xtPicture1.Scale (-10, 200)-(380, -100)Picture1.Line (-10, 0)-(380, 0) 'XPicture1.Line (0, 1000)-(0, -100) 'YFor i = -30 To 390 Step 30 'X轴坐标Picture1.DrawStyle = 2Picture1.Line (i, 1000)-(i, -100)Picture1.CurrentX = i - 10: Picture1.CurrentY = 0Picture1.Print iNext iFor i = -100 To 200 S

8、tep 20 'Y轴坐标Picture1.DrawStyle = 2Picture1.Line (-100, i)-(380, i)Picture1.CurrentX = -10: Picture1.CurrentY = iPicture1.Print iNext iFor fj1 = 0 To 360 Step 0.01f = fj1 * paCall upCall upstayCall backCall backstayPicture1.PSet (fj1, s), vbRedNext fj1End SubPrivate Sub command2_click() '推杆位移

9、曲线Set Picture2.Picture = Nothingw = Text1.TextPicture2.Scale (-10, 140 * w)-(380, -150 * w)Picture2.Line (-10, 0)-(380, 0) 'XPicture2.Line (0, 140 * w)-(0, -150 * w) 'YFor i = -30 To 390 Step 30 'X轴坐标Picture2.DrawStyle = 2Picture2.Line (i, 140 * w)-(i, -150 * w)Picture2.CurrentX = i - 10

10、: Picture2.CurrentY = 0Picture2.Print iNext iFor i = -150 * w To 140 * w Step 30 * w 'Y轴坐标Picture2.DrawStyle = 2Picture2.Line (-10, i)-(380, i)Picture2.CurrentX = -10: Picture2.CurrentY = iPicture2.Print iNext iFor fj1 = 0 To 360 Step 0.01f = fj1 * paCall upCall upstayCall backCall backstayPictu

11、re2.PSet (fj1, v), vbRedNext fj1End SubPrivate Sub command3_click() '推杆位移曲线Set Picture3.Picture = Nothingw = Text1.TextPicture3.Scale (-10, 350 * w 2)-(380, -350 * w 2)Picture3.Line (-10, 0)-(380, 0) 'XPicture3.Line (0, 350 * w 2)-(0, -350 * w 2) 'YFor i = -30 To 390 Step 30 'X轴坐标Pic

12、ture3.DrawStyle = 2Picture3.Line (i, 350 * w 2)-(i, -350 * w 2)Picture3.CurrentX = i - 10: Picture3.CurrentY = 0Picture3.Print iNext iFor i = -350 * w 2 To 350 * w 2 Step 50 * w 2 'Y轴坐标Picture3.DrawStyle = 2Picture3.Line (-10, i)-(380, i)Picture3.CurrentX = -10: Picture3.CurrentY = iPicture3.Pri

13、nt iNext iFor fj1 = 0 To 360 Step 0.01f = fj1 * paCall upCall upstayCall backCall backstayPicture3.PSet (fj1, a), vbRedNext fj1End SubPrivate Sub up() '升程If 0 <= f And f <= (f1 / 2) Thens = 2 * h * (f / f1) 2v = (4 * h * w * f) / (f1 2)a = 4 * h * w * w / (f1 * f1)End IfIf (f1 / 2) < f

14、And f <= f1 Thens = h - (2 * h * (f1 - f) 2) / (f1 2)v = (4 * h * w * (f1 - f) / (f1 2)a = -4 * h * w * w / (f1 * f1)End IfEnd SubPrivate Sub upstay() '远休程If f1 < f And f <= f1 + fs1 Thens = hv = 0a = 0End IfEnd SubPrivate Sub back() '回程If f1 + fs1 < f And f <= f1 + fs1 + f2 T

15、henT = f - f1 - fs1s = h * (1 - T / f2 + (Sin(2 * pi * T / f2) / (2 * pi)v = -h * w * (1 - Cos(2 * pi * T / f2) / f2a = -2 * pi * h * w * w * Sin(2 * T * pi / f2) / (f2 * f2)End IfEnd SubPrivate Sub backstay() '近休程If f1 + fs1 + f2 < f And f < 2 * pi Thens = 0v = 0a = 0End IfEnd Sub5.2求ds/d

16、f-s曲线Option Explicit '定义自变量Dim h As Double '定义行程Dim w As Double '凸轮角速度Dim f As Double '定义凸轮转角Dim fj1 As Double '角度递增量Dim f0 As Double '定义升程运动角Dim fs As Double '定义远休止角Dim f01 As Double '定义回程运动角Dim fs1 As Double '定义近休止角Dim s As Double '定义从动件位移Dim pi As Double &#

17、39;定义圆周率Dim pa As Double '定义角度弧度转换中间变量Dim T As Double '定义中间变量Dim i As Double '定义中间变量Dim dsdf As Double '定义ds/dfPrivate Sub Form_Load() '赋值Form1.WindowState = 2pi = 4 * Atn(1)pa = pi / 180h = 100w = 10f0 = 90 * pafs = 90 * paf01 = 80 * pafs1 = 100 * paEnd SubPrivate Sub Command1_C

18、lick()Set Picture1.Picture = NothingPicture1.Scale (-140, 110)-(140, -20) Picture1.Line (-140, 0)-(140, 0) 'X Picture1.CurrentX = 105: Picture1.CurrentY = -10 Picture1.Print "ds/d" Picture1.Line (0, 110)-(0, -20) 'Y Picture1.Print "s" For i = -140 To 140 Step 10 'X轴坐标

19、 Picture1.Line (i, 2)-(i, 0) Picture1.CurrentX = i - 5: Picture1.CurrentY = 0 Picture1.Print i Next i For i = -20 To 110 Step 10 'Y轴坐标 Picture1.Line (0, i)-(2, i) Picture1.CurrentX = 0: Picture1.CurrentY = i + 5 Picture1.Print i Next iPicture1.DrawStyle = 2 For i = -100 To -10 Step 10 Picture1.L

20、ine (-140, i)-(140, i), vbBlack '横向网格线 Next i For i = 10 To 110 Step 10 Picture1.Line (-140, i)-(140, i), vbBlack '横向网格线 Next i For i = -140 To -10 Step 10 Picture1.Line (i, 110)-(i, -20), vbBlack '纵向网格线 Next i For i = 10 To 140 Step 10 Picture1.Line (i, 110)-(i, -20), vbBlack '纵向网格线

21、 Next i For fj1 = 0 To 3600 Step 0.005 Call push Call pushstay Call back Call backstay Picture1.PSet (-dsdf, s), vbRed Next fj1 End SubPrivate Sub push() '升程f = fj1 * paIf 0 <= f And f <= (f0 / 2) Thens = 2 * h * (f / f0) 2dsdf = 4 * h * f / (f0 2)End IfIf (f0 / 2) <= f And f <= f0 T

22、hens = h - (2 * h * (f0 - f) 2) / (f0 2)dsdf = (4 * h * (f0 - f) / (f0 2)End IfEnd SubPrivate Sub pushstay() '远休程f = fj1 * paIf f0 < f And f <= f0 + f01 Thens = hdsdf = 0End IfEnd SubPrivate Sub back() '回程f = fj1 * paIf f0 + f01 < f And f <= f0 + f01 + fs ThenT = f - f0 - f01s =

23、h * (1 - T / fs + (Sin(2 * pi * T / fs) / (2 * pi)dsdf = h * (Cos(2 * pi * T / fs) - 1) / fsEnd IfEnd SubPrivate Sub backstay() '近休程If f0 + f01 + fs < f And f < 2 * pi Thenf = fj1 * pas = 0dsdf = 0End IfEnd Sub5.3确定滚子半径和偏距Option Explicit '定义自变量Dim h As DoubleDim w As Double '凸轮角速度D

24、im f0 As DoubleDim f01 As DoubleDim fs As DoubleDim i As DoubleDim pi As DoubleDim pa As DoubleDim s As DoubleDim dsdf As DoubleDim f As DoubleDim T As DoublePrivate Sub Form_Load() '赋值Form1.WindowState = 2pi = 4 * Atn(1)pa = pi / 180h = 100w = 10f0 = 90 * paf01 = 80 * pafs = 90 * paEnd SubPriva

25、te Sub Command1_Click()Picture1.ClsPicture1.DrawWidth = 1Picture1.Scale (-130, 110)-(130, -100)Picture1.Line (-130, 0)-(130, 0)Picture1.Line (0, 110)-(0, -100)For i = -130 To 130 Step 10Picture1.DrawWidth = 1Picture1.DrawStyle = 2Picture1.Line (i, 110)-(i, -100)Next iFor i = -130 To 130 Step 10Pictu

26、re1.CurrentX = i - 8: Picture1.CurrentY = 0Picture1.Print iNext iFor i = -100 To 110 Step 10Picture1.DrawWidth = 1Picture1.DrawStyle = 2Picture1.Line (-130, i)-(130, i)Picture1.CurrentX = 0: Picture1.CurrentY = i + 5Picture1.Print iNext iFor i = 0 To 90 Step 0.01f = i * paIf 0 <= f And f <= (f

27、0 / 2) Thens = 2 * h * (f / f0) 2dsdf = 4 * h * f / (f0 2)End IfIf (f0 / 2) <= f And f <= f0 Thens = h - (2 * h * (f0 - f) 2) / (f0 2)dsdf = (4 * h * (f0 - f) / (f0 2)End IfPicture1.PSet (-dsdf, s)Next iFor i = 180 To 260 Step 0.01f = i * paT = f - f0 - f01s = h * (1 - T / fs + (Sin(2 * pi * T

28、 / fs) / (2 * pi)dsdf = h * (Cos(2 * pi * T / fs) - 1) / fsPicture1.PSet (-dsdf, s)Next iPicture1.DrawStyle = 1Picture1.DrawWidth = 2Picture1.Line (-130, 51.93)-(0, -99)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(-50, -59.59)Picture1.Line (130, 33.15)-(-50, -38.7)End Sub5.4反转法确定凸轮轮廓Option Explicit '定义自变量Dim r0 As Dou

29、ble '定义基圆半径Dim e As Double '定义偏心距Dim h As Double '定义行程Dim f As Double '定义凸轮转角Dim ff As DoubleDim w As Double '定义凸轮角速度Dim f0 As Double '定义推程运动角Dim fs As Double '定义远休止角Dim f01 As Double '定义回程运动角Dim fs1 As Double '定义近休止角Dim s As Double '定义从动件位移Dim v As Double 

30、9;定义从动件速度Dim a As Double '定义从动件加速度Dim x As Double '定义凸轮理论轮廓上点横坐标Dim y As Double '定义凸轮理论轮廓上点纵坐标Dim x1 As Double '定义凸轮实际轮廓上点横坐标Dim y1 As Double '定义凸轮实际轮廓上点纵坐标Dim rr As Double '定义滚子半径Dim pi As Double '定义圆周率Dim pa As Double '定义角度弧度转换中间变量Dim T As Double '定义中间变量Dim m As

31、 Double '定义中间变量Dim s0 As Double '定义中间变量Dim i As Double '定义中间变量Dim dsdf As Double '定义ds/dfDim dxdf As Double '定义dx/dfDim dydf As Double '定义dy/dfPrivate Sub Form_Load()Form1.WindowState = 2pi = 4 * Atn(1)pa = pi / 180h = 100w = 1f0 = 90 * pafs = 90 * paf01 = 80 * pafs1 = 100 *

32、pas0 = 90e = 20rr = 10End SubPrivate Sub push()f = ff * paIf 0 <= f And f <= (f0 / 2) Thens = 2 * h * (f / f0) 2v = (4 * h * w * f) / (f0 2)a = 4 * h * w * w / (f0 * f0)dsdf = 4 * h * f / (f0 2)End IfIf (f0 / 2) < f And f <= f0 Thens = h - (2 * h * (f0 - f) 2) / (f0 2)v = (4 * h * w * (f

33、0 - f) / (f0 2)a = -4 * h * w * w / (f0 * f0)dsdf = (4 * h * (f0 - f) / (f0 2)End Ify = (s0 + s) * Sin(f) + e * Cos(f)x = (s0 + s) * Cos(f) - e * Sin(f)dxdf = dsdf * Cos(f) - (s0 + s) * Sin(f) - e * Cos(f)dydf = dsdf * Sin(f) + (s0 + s) * Cos(f) - e * Sin(f)x1 = x - rr * dydf / Sqr(dxdf 2 + dydf 2)y

34、1 = y + rr * dxdf / Sqr(dxdf 2 + dydf 2)End SubPrivate Sub back()f = ff * paT = f - f0 - fs1s = h * (1 - T / f01 + (Sin(2 * pi * T / f01) / (2 * pi)v = -h * w * (1 - Cos(2 * pi * T / f01) / f01a = -2 * pi * h * w * w * Sin(2 * T * pi / f01) / (f01 * f01)dsdf = h * (Cos(2 * pi * T / fs) - 1) / fsy =

35、(s0 + s) * Sin(f) + e * Cos(f)x = (s0 + s) * Cos(f) - e * Sin(f)dxdf = dsdf * Cos(f) - (s0 + s) * Sin(f) - e * Cos(f)dydf = dsdf * Sin(f) + (s0 + s) * Cos(f) - e * Sin(f)x1 = x - rr * dydf / Sqr(dxdf 2 + dydf 2)y1 = y + rr * dxdf / Sqr(dxdf 2 + dydf 2)End SubPrivate Sub pushstay()f = ff * pas = hv =

36、 0a = 0dsdf = 0y = (s0 + s) * Sin(f) + e * Cos(f)x = (s0 + s) * Cos(f) - e * Sin(f)dxdf = dsdf * Cos(f) - (s0 + s) * Sin(f) - e * Cos(f)dydf = dsdf * Sin(f) + (s0 + s) * Cos(f) - e * Sin(f)x1 = x - rr * dydf / Sqr(dxdf 2 + dydf 2)y1 = y + rr * dxdf / Sqr(dxdf 2 + dydf 2)End SubPrivate Sub backstay()

37、f = ff * pas = 0v = 0a = 0dsdf = 0y = (s0 + s) * Sin(f) + e * Cos(f)x = (s0 + s) * Cos(f) - e * Sin(f)dxdf = dsdf * Cos(f) - (s0 + s) * Sin(f) - e * Cos(f)dydf = dsdf * Sin(f) + (s0 + s) * Cos(f) - e * Sin(f)x1 = x - rr * dydf / Sqr(dxdf 2 + dydf 2)y1 = y + rr * dxdf / Sqr(dxdf 2 + dydf 2)End SubPri

38、vate Sub Command1_Click()Picture1.ClsPicture1.DrawWidth = 1Picture1.Scale (-220, 120)-(140, -220) Picture1.Line (-220, 0)-(140, 0) 'X Picture1.Line (255, 2)-(140, 0) Picture1.Line -(255, -2) Picture1.Print "Y" Picture1.Line (0, 120)-(0, -220) 'Y Picture1.Line (-5, 165)-(0, 170) Pic

39、ture1.Line -(5, 165) Picture1.Print "X" For i = -220 To 140 Step 10 'X轴坐标 Picture1.Line (i, 5)-(i, 0) Picture1.CurrentX = i - 7: Picture1.CurrentY = 0 Picture1.Print i Next i For i = -220 To 120 Step 10 'Y轴坐标 Picture1.Line (0, i)-(5, i) Picture1.CurrentX = -20: Picture1.CurrentY =

40、i + 2 Picture1.Print i Next i Picture1.DrawStyle = 2 For i = -220 To 120 Step 10 Picture1.Line (-220, i)-(140, i), vbBlack '横向网格 Next i For i = -220 To 140 Step 10 Picture1.Line (i, 120)-(i, -220), vbBlack '纵向网格 Next i For ff = 0 To 360 Step 0.005 Picture1.DrawWidth = 2 If ff < f0 / pa Th

41、en Call push ElseIf ff >= f0 / pa And ff < (fs + f0) / pa Then Call pushstay ElseIf ff >= (fs + f0) / pa And ff < (fs + f0 + f01) / pa Then Call back ElseIf ff >= (fs + f0 + f01) / pa And ff <= 360 Then Call backstay End If Picture1.PSet (-y, x), vbRed 'Picture1.PSet (s0 * Sin(

42、f) + e * Cos(f), s0 * Cos(f) - e * Sin(f), vbBlue 'Picture1.PSet (y1, x1) Next ffEnd SubPrivate Sub Command2_Click()Picture1.DrawWidth = 1Picture1.Scale (-220, 120)-(140, -220) Picture1.Line (-220, 0)-(140, 0) 'X Picture1.Line (255, 2)-(140, 0) Picture1.Line -(255, -2) Picture1.Print "Y

43、" Picture1.Line (0, 120)-(0, -220) 'Y Picture1.Line (-5, 165)-(0, 170) Picture1.Line -(5, 165) Picture1.Print "X" For i = -220 To 140 Step 10 'X轴坐标 Picture1.Line (i, 5)-(i, 0) Picture1.CurrentX = i - 7: Picture1.CurrentY = 0 Picture1.Print i Next i For i = -220 To 120 Step 10

44、'Y轴坐标 Picture1.Line (0, i)-(5, i) Picture1.CurrentX = -20: Picture1.CurrentY = i + 2 Picture1.Print i Next i Picture1.DrawStyle = 2 For i = -220 To 120 Step 10 Picture1.Line (-220, i)-(140, i), vbBlack '横向网格 Next i For i = -220 To 140 Step 10 Picture1.Line (i, 120)-(i, -220), vbBlack '纵向

45、网格 Next i For ff = 0 To 360 Step 0.005 Picture1.DrawWidth = 2 If ff < f0 / pa Then Call push ElseIf ff >= f0 / pa And ff < (fs + f0) / pa Then Call pushstay ElseIf ff >= (fs + f0) / pa And ff < (fs + f0 + f01) / pa Then Call back ElseIf ff >= (fs + f0 + f01) / pa And ff <= 360 T

46、hen Call backstay End If Picture1.PSet (-s0 * Sin(f) - e * Cos(f), s0 * Cos(f) - e * Sin(f), vbBlue Next ffEnd SubPrivate Sub Command3_Click()Picture1.DrawWidth = 1Picture1.Scale (-220, 120)-(140, -220) Picture1.Line (-220, 0)-(140, 0) 'X Picture1.Line (255, 2)-(140, 0) Picture1.Line -(255, -2)

47、Picture1.Print "Y" Picture1.Line (0, 120)-(0, -220) 'Y Picture1.Line (-5, 165)-(0, 170) Picture1.Line -(5, 165) Picture1.Print "X" For i = -220 To 140 Step 10 'X轴坐标 Picture1.Line (i, 5)-(i, 0) Picture1.CurrentX = i - 7: Picture1.CurrentY = 0 Picture1.Print i Next i For i

48、= -220 To 120 Step 10 'Y轴坐标 Picture1.Line (0, i)-(5, i) Picture1.CurrentX = -20: Picture1.CurrentY = i + 2 Picture1.Print i Next i Picture1.DrawStyle = 2 For i = -220 To 120 Step 10 Picture1.Line (-220, i)-(140, i), vbBlack '横向网格 Next i For i = -220 To 140 Step 10 Picture1.Line (i, 120)-(i,

49、-220), vbBlack '纵向网格 Next i For ff = 0 To 360 Step 0.005 Picture1.DrawWidth = 2 If ff < f0 / pa Then Call push ElseIf ff >= f0 / pa And ff < (fs + f0) / pa Then Call pushstay ElseIf ff >= (fs + f0) / pa And ff < (fs + f0 + f01) / pa Then Call back ElseIf ff >= (fs + f0 + f01) /

50、 pa And ff <= 360 Then Call backstay End If Picture1.PSet (-y1, x1) Next ffEnd SubPrivate Sub command4_click()Picture1.DrawWidth = 1Picture1.Scale (-220, 120)-(140, -220) Picture1.Line (-220, 0)-(140, 0) 'X Picture1.Line (255, 2)-(220, 0) Picture1.Line -(255, -2) Picture1.Print "Y" Picture1.Line (0, 120)-(0, -220) 'Y Picture1.Line (-5, 165)-(0, 170) Picture1.Line -(5, 165) Picture1.Print "X" For i = -220 To 140 Step 10 'X轴坐标 Picture1.Line (i, 5)-(i, 0) Picture1.CurrentX = i - 7: Picture1.CurrentY = 0 Picture1