H3C路由学习笔记-静态路由

1、H3C路由（MSR26-30）1、进入系统视图Startup configuration file does not exist.Performing automatic configuration. Press CTRL_D to break.-按Ctrl + D键终止设备查找自动配置Automatic configuration attempt: 1.Not ready for automatic configuration: no interface available.Waiting for the next.Automatic configuration is aborted.-按C

2、trl + D键后放弃自动配置的尝试Line aux0 is available.Press ENTER to get started.-到这里系统启动完毕，按回车键%Aug 22 09:19:53:318 2014 H3C SHELL/5/SHELL_LOGIN: TTY logged in from aux0.-再按一次回车键 system-viewH3C2、修改路由器名称sysH3Csysname 名称如将默认的路由器名称改为RoNetwork_Dept，Ro表示设备类型为路由器，Network_Dept表示部门名称，以后看到这个名称就知道这是什么设备、在什么位置。建议以后都采用这种方式

3、来给设备命名，以方便管理。H3Csysname RoNetwork_DeptRoNetwork_Dept如果要恢复默认名称，使用undo sysname命令：RoNetwork_Deptundo sysnameH3C3、显示路由表（1）IPv4显示路由表概要信息：RoNetwork_Deptdisplay ip routing-table显示路由表详细信息：RoNetwork_Deptdisplay ip routing-table verbose显示某种路由协议的信息：RoNetwork_Deptdisplay ip routing-table protocol bgp|direct|gua

4、rd|isis|ospf|rip|static还有其他信息，可使用？显示帮助以便选择：RoNetwork_Deptdisplay ip routing-table ?（2）IPv6只需将IPv4的命令中ip替换成ipv6即可。4、配置接口sys system-viewH3Cint 接口名称如配置G0/0接口：RoNetwork_Deptint g0/0RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0-进入接口配置视图配置IP地址：RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0ip add 12.0.0.1 ?-后面跟掩码长度也行，跟掩码也行 INTEGER

5、 IP mask length X.X.X.X IP maskRoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0ip add 12.0.0.1 24 -24表示掩码长度为24位，和255.255.255.0等效RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0undo shutdown-激活接口RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0dis int g0/0-查看接口信息5、信息回显及tracert为了防止命令被系统输出的消息打断，可以配置信息回显：RoNetwork_Deptinfo-center synchronous为防止trac

6、ert超时，链路两端的设备都要开启以下功能：RoNetwork_Deptip redirects enable 开启设备的ICMP重定向报文的发送功能RoNetwork_Deptip ttl-expires enable开启设备的ICMP超时报文的发送功能RoNetwork_Deptip unreachable enable 开启设备的ICMP目的不可达报文的发送功能6、配置静态路由拓扑图：RoNetwork_Dept端：sysSystem View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z.H3Csys RoNetwork_DeptRoNetwork_Deptinfo

7、 syncInfo-center synchronous output is on.RoNetwork_Deptint lo0RoNetwork_Dept-LoopBack0ip add 192.168.1.1 24RoNetwork_Dept-LoopBack0int g0/0RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0ip add 12.0.0.1 24RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0undo shRoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0ip route 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.255

8、 12.0.0.2RoNetwork_Dept%Aug 22 11:45:32:415 2014 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/3/PHY_UPDOWN: Physical state on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0 changed to up.%Aug 22 11:45:32:416 2014 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/5/LINK_UPDOWN: Line protocol state on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0 changed to up.-系统发出的消息，g0/0接口已经up

9、了RoNetwork_Deptdis ip roDestinations : 17 Routes : 17Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface0.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop012.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 12.0.0.1 GE0/012.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 12.0.0.1 GE0/012.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop012.0.0.255/32 Direct 0 0 12.0.0.1 GE0/0127.0.

10、0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0192.168.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.1 Loop0192.168.1.0/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.1 Loop0192.168.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0192.168.

11、1.255/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.1 Loop0192.168.2.2/32 Static 60 0 12.0.0.2 GE0/0224.0.0.0/4 Direct 0 0 0.0.0.0 NULL0224.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 0.0.0.0 NULL0255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0RoNetwork_Deptping 192.168.2.2 -使用ping命令测试路由是否配置正确Ping 192.168.2.2 (192.168.2.2): 56 data bytes, press

12、 CTRL_C to break56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=1.457 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=1.113 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=1.168 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=1.189 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 ti

13、me=1.049 ms- Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2 -5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0.0% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 1.049/1.195/1.457/0.140 msRoNetwork_Dept%Aug 22 11:49:29:304 2014 RoNetwork_Dept PING/6/PING_STATISTICS: Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2: 5 packets transmitted, 5

14、 packets received, 0.0% packet loss, round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 1.049/1.195/1.457/0.140 ms.RoNetwork_DeptRoNetCenter端：sysSystem View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z.H3Csys RoNetCenterRoNetCenterinfo syncInfo-center synchronous output is on.RoNetCenterint lo0RoNetCenter-LoopBack0ip add 192.168

15、.2.2 32RoNetCenter-LoopBack0int g0/0RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/0ip add 12.0.0.2 24RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/0undo shRoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/0quitRoNetCenterip ro 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255 12.0.0.1RoNetCenterdis ip roDestinations : 14 Routes : 14Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Int

16、erface0.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop012.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 12.0.0.2 GE0/012.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 12.0.0.2 GE0/012.0.0.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop012.0.0.255/32 Direct 0 0 12.0.0.2 GE0/0127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0

17、 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0192.168.1.1/32 Static 60 0 12.0.0.1 GE0/0192.168.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0224.0.0.0/4 Direct 0 0 0.0.0.0 NULL0224.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 0.0.0.0 NULL0255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0RoNetCenter配置等价静态路由RoNetwork_

18、Dept端：RoNetwork_Deptint g0/1RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/1ip add 21.0.0.1 24RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/1undo shRoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/1quitRoNetwork_Deptip ro 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.255 21.0.0.2RoNetwork_Deptdis ip roDestinations : 21 Routes : 22Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Next

19、Hop Interface0.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop012.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 12.0.0.1 GE0/012.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 12.0.0.1 GE0/012.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop012.0.0.255/32 Direct 0 0 12.0.0.1 GE0/021.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 21.0.0.1 GE0/121.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 21.0.0.1 GE0/121.0.0.1/32 Direct 0

20、0 127.0.0.1 InLoop021.0.0.255/32 Direct 0 0 21.0.0.1 GE0/1127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0192.168.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.1 Loop0192.168.1.0/32 Direct 0 0 192.

21、168.1.1 Loop0192.168.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0192.168.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.1 Loop0192.168.2.2/32 Static 60 0 12.0.0.2 GE0/0 21.0.0.2 GE0/1224.0.0.0/4 Direct 0 0 0.0.0.0 NULL0224.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 0.0.0.0 NULL0255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0RoNetCenter端：RoNetCente

22、rint g0/1RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/1ip add 21.0.0.2 24RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/1undo shRoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/1quitRoNetCenterip ro 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255 21.0.0.1RoNetCenterdis ip roDestinations : 18 Routes : 19Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface0.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0

23、 127.0.0.1 InLoop012.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 12.0.0.2 GE0/012.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 12.0.0.2 GE0/012.0.0.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop012.0.0.255/32 Direct 0 0 12.0.0.2 GE0/021.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 21.0.0.2 GE0/121.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 21.0.0.2 GE0/121.0.0.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop021.0.0.255/32 D

24、irect 0 0 21.0.0.2 GE0/1127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0192.168.1.1/32 Static 60 0 12.0.0.1 GE0/0 21.0.0.1 GE0/1192.168.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0224.0.0.

25、0/4 Direct 0 0 0.0.0.0 NULL0224.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 0.0.0.0 NULL0255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0测试：RoNetwork_Deptping 192.168.2.2Ping 192.168.2.2 (192.168.2.2): 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=0.935 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: i

26、cmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=1.156 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.732 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=1.301 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.733 ms- Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2 -5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0.0% packet lo

27、ssround-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.732/0.971/1.301/0.227 msRoNetCenterping -r 192.168.1.1-“-r”表示“Record route”，记录路由Ping 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1): 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break56 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=0.827 msRR: 21.0.0.1 12.0.0.256 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq

28、=1 ttl=255 time=0.964 msRR: 12.0.0.1 12.0.0.256 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=1.895 msRR: 21.0.0.1 12.0.0.256 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.673 msRR: 12.0.0.1 12.0.0.256 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.905 msRR: 21.0.0.1 12.0.0.2- Ping statisti

29、cs for 192.168.1.1 -5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0.0% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.673/1.053/1.895/0.432 ms-数据包被轮流在两条链路上发送，但是奇怪的是，只从一条链路返回，这与GNS3的Cisco路由器不一样，Cisco的是从哪条链路出去就从哪条链路返回：参考：R1#pingProtocol ip:Target IP address: 192.168.2.2Repeat count 5:Datagram size 100:Tim

30、eout in seconds 2:Extended commands n: ySource address or interface:Type of service 0:Set DF bit in IP header? no:Validate reply data? no:Data pattern 0xABCD:Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbosenone: rNumber of hops 9 :Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, VerboseRV: r% No room for that optionLoose

31、, Strict, Record, Timestamp, VerboseRV: Record% No room for that optionLoose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, VerboseRV:Sweep range of sizes n:Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:Packet has IP options: Total option bytes= 39, padded length=40

32、Record route: (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0)Request 0 timed outRequest 1 timed outReply to request 2 (32 ms). Received packet has options Total option bytes= 40, padded length=40 Record route: (12.0.0.1)出去 (192.168.2.2) (12.0.0.2) (12.0.0.1)

33、 回来 (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) End of listReply to request 3 (48 ms). Received packet has options Total option bytes= 40, padded length=40 Record route: (21.0.0.1) (192.168.2.2) (21.0.0.2) (21.0.0.1) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) End of listReply to request

34、 4 (24 ms). Received packet has options Total option bytes= 40, padded length=40 Record route: (12.0.0.1) (192.168.2.2) (12.0.0.2) (12.0.0.1) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) End of listSuccess rate is 60 percent (3/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 24/34/48 ms RoNetwork_Deptint g0/0RoNe

35、twork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0sh -关闭G0/0接口，看看还能不能ping通RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0%Aug 22 12:11:22:912 2014 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/3/PHY_UPDOWN: Physical state on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0 changed to down.%Aug 22 12:11:22:913 2014 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/5/LINK_UPDOWN: Line protocol state on t

36、he interface GigabitEthernet0/0 changed to down.quitRoNetwork_Deptping 192.168.2.2Ping 192.168.2.2 (192.168.2.2): 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=0.676 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.626 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_

37、seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.756 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.952 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.740 ms- Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2 -5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0.0% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.626/0.750/0.952/0.111 msRo

38、Network_Dept%Aug 22 12:11:33:357 2014 RoNetwork_Dept PING/6/PING_STATISTICS: Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2: 5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0.0% packet loss, round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.626/0.750/0.952/0.111 ms.可见，当其中一条链路down了之后，数据包可以通过另一条链路发往目的地。配置非等价静态路由：RoNetwork_Deptint g0/0R

39、oNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0undo sh -重新激活G0/0接口RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0quitRoNetwork_Deptundo ip ro 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.255 12.0.0.2 -删除前面配置的路由RoNetwork_Deptundo ip ro 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.255 21.0.0.2-删除前面配置的路由RoNetwork_Deptip ro 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.255 12.0.0.2 preference 1

40、 配置非等价静态路由，指定优先级为1RoNetwork_Deptip ro 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.255 21.0.0.2 -采用默认的优先级60，比上一条的优先级低RoNetwork_Deptdis ip roDestinations : 21 Routes : 21Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface0.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop012.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 12.0.0.1 GE0/012.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 12.0

41、.0.1 GE0/012.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop012.0.0.255/32 Direct 0 0 12.0.0.1 GE0/021.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 21.0.0.1 GE0/121.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 21.0.0.1 GE0/121.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop021.0.0.255/32 Direct 0 0 21.0.0.1 GE0/1127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.0.0.0/32 Direc

42、t 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0192.168.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.1 Loop0192.168.1.0/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.1 Loop0192.168.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0192.168.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.1 Loop0192.168.2.2/32

43、Static 1 0 12.0.0.2 GE0/0-只显示高优先级的路由，出口G0/0224.0.0.0/4 Direct 0 0 0.0.0.0 NULL0224.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 0.0.0.0 NULL0255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0RoNetwork_Deptdis ip ro 192.168.2.2Summary Count : 1Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface192.168.2.2/32 Static 1 0 12.0.0.2 G

44、E0/0RoNetwork_Deptint g0/0RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0sh 再次关闭G0/0接口，看看路由表的变化RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0%Aug 22 12:24:56:174 2014 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/3/PHY_UPDOWN: Physical state on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0 changed to down.%Aug 22 12:24:56:177 2014 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/5/LINK_UPDO

45、WN: Line protocol state on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0 changed to down.RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0dis ip roDestinations : 17 Routes : 17Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface0.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop021.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 21.0.0.1 GE0/121.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 21.0.0.1 GE0/121.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop021.0.0.255/32 Direct 0 0 21.0.0.1 GE0/1127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0192.168.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.