江西东岭剖面P-T界线碳同位素变化与沉积物输入的关系.docx

1、第36卷第2期2018年4月沉积学报ACTASEDIME、T()L()CIC.SINICA文章编号：1000-0550(2018)02-0267-13DOI：10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2018.028江西东岭剖面P-T界线碳同位素变化与沉积物输入的关系白玛曲宗微，韦恒叶口，江增光2,邱振31. 东华理工大学核资源与环境教育部重点实验室大气环境实脸室.南昌330013东华理工大学地球科学学院.南昌3300132. 中国石油勘探开发研究院.北京100()83摘要二登纪末期发生显生宙以来规模最大的生物灭绝事件.利用江西修水东岭剖面二登一三叠系界线的碳同位素、主R元素及微留元

2、素分别研究全球碳循环的变化及其相对应的物源的变化避而分析环境变化与生物灭绝的关系。研究结果表明.东岭剖面二叠三叠系界线存在阶梯式碳同位素负偏，第-阶段阶梯式负偏幅度为2初，第二阶段阶梯式负偏幅度为2.5%,总的负偏幅度高达4.5%。在阶段阶梯式碳同位素负偏过程.碳酸盐岩中的硅酸盐组分物源由基性火成岩转变为岛弧性质的酸性火成岩，后者可能与我国华南周围岛弧火山喷发有关。这些碳同位素负偏在时间1.与物源的转变及火山灰层基本一致，推测其与我国华南岛孤火山及西伯利亚大火成岩省喷发有关。大规模火山作用喷出或诱发出的二氧化碳及甲烷温室气体有可能是造成二登一三叠系阶梯式碳同位素负偏的主要原因。火山喷发造成的环

3、境恶化如全球变暧、海洋缺氧、海洋酸化、植被破坏形成的大缺沉积物输入海洋致使生物生存压力增大,从而造成二叠末期生物的大灭绝。关键词碳同位素;二叠一三叠系界线;物源;生物灭绝;东岭剖面第一作者简介白玛曲宗，女,1994年出生，硕士研究生，沉积地球化学.E-mail：baimaquzong2016通信作者韦恒叶.男.副教授.E-mail：weihengye(2>；liywei中图分类号P597P512.2文献标志码A收稿日期：2017-01-09；收修改稿日期：2017-06-01基金项目：国家自然科学基金(41302021)；东华理I：大学核资源与环境教育部4点实验室大气环境实脸室开放基金(

4、AE1604)Foundation：NationalNaturalScienceFoundation<»fChina.No.41302021;0|)eningbundfn>inLalzratoi?AlnmsphrrieEnvironment.KeyLaboratoryofNuclearResourcesandEnvironment(MinistryofEducation),EaslChinaLniversityofTechnology.Mo.E16040引言二叠末期生物大灭绝事件是显生宙最大的生物危机事件，化石记录表明大约80%至96%种一级别的海洋无脊椎动物以及大约70

5、%种一级别的陆地脊椎动物在二叠一三叠系界线附近消失23。研究认为该次生物灭绝主要与西伯利亚大火成岩省的喷发3】、海洋缺假甚至硫化m、全球变暖"闵以及海洋酸化有关。然而,这些全球环境扰动或俐变的性质及时间与生物灭绝的详细过程及方式的关系尚未清楚，二叠末生物大灭绝的最终成因未知回。二走一三叠纪碳同位素组成变化研究已经较为详细而全面。碳同位素比值在二壳一三叠系界线附近全球范围内均发生r负向偏移mm,总体上凹分为两期负偏"I。第一期发生在二登纪末期H.chan-gxingensis牙形石带，距离二叠三至纪界线约110kyL界线年龄取252.17Ma空，第二期发生在三叠此早期/.is

6、ardca牙形石带(煤山剖面的34层)，距离二看一三叠纪界线约675ky24o第一期碳同位素负偏又诃以细分为两个阶段El，第一阶段的碳同位素仇偏最大值发生在C.yini-C.zhangi牙形石带，第:阶段碳同4立素负偏最大值发生在C.meishanensis牙形石带。这些期次的碳同位素负偏均被认为与西伯利亚大火成岩省喷发有关2。刀网。然而，引起碳同位素比值负偏的轻碳来源问题还存在争议”，长期的碳同位素扰动及西伯利亚大火成岩省的喷发与短期快速的二登末期生物大灭绝之间的相互关系尚未清楚。需要在二叠一三登界线沉积速率较大的剖面开展更多的研究3】。江西省修水县东岭剖面的长兴组厚度约为煤山剖面K兴组厚度

7、的4倍2刃，是沉积速率较大的区域。与煤山剖面一样，其地点靠近华夏古陆的物源区。二登一三登纪过渡时期，巢湖和煤山地区的沉积物供应发生了较大的变化，这从侧面上反映环境的恶亡3】。海水温度过高导致轲气在海水的溶解度卜降以及海洋循环的迟缓形成海洋缺氧。大规模火山喷发引起大气二氧化碳浓度升高，海水的二氧化碳浓度随之升高，再加上火山喷发的硫酸盐气溶胶、酸雨的降落形成海洋酸化导致部分高钙生物不适应而死r：77o大规模火山喷发形成的酸雨破坏陆地生态系统，造成水土保持能力下降，导致大量的富A】、Ti和Fe沉积物输入海洋造成浑浊水体，再加I.海洋酸化及缺氧的物理化学条件的变化，从而引发了大规模的生物灭绝。5结论江

8、西东岭剖面在R兴组及大冶组界线附近物源由原来的基性火成岩转变为岛弧性质的酸性火成岩。后者可能与我国华南周围岛孤火山喷发有关。该剖而二登一三叠系界线之卜.碳酸盐岩碳同位素曲线表现为二阶梯式碳同位素负偏。碳同位素负偏过程伴随着Al、Ti和Fe元素的突然大是输入以及物源的突然变化，并与火山灰分布层位基本一致。碳同位素二阶梯式负偏很诃能是由华南岛弧火山及西伯利亚大火成岩省喷发及其引发的大仙甲烷释放造成的。大规模火山作用引发的全球变化、海洋缺皱、海洋酸化以及陆地大鼠沉积物的输入导致环境恶化，引发了二叠末期生物大规模灭绝。参考文献(References)1jEnvinD11,BowringSA,Jin、G

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53、.Science,2015,348(6231)：229-232.TheRelationshipbetweenCarbonIsotopicChangesandtheSedimentsSupplyattheP-TBoundaryinDonglingSection,JiangxiProvinceBAIMaQuZong12,WEIHengYe12,JIANGZengGuang2,QIUZhen31. LaboratoryAtmosphericEnvironment,KeyLaboratoryofNuclearResourcesandEnvironment(MinistryofEducation).Ea

54、stChinaI'nivcrsi-tyofTechnology.Nanchang330013,ChinaSchoolofEarthScience.EastChinaUniversityofTechnology.Nanchang330013.China2. ResearchInstituteofPetroleumExplorationandDevelopment.PetroChina.Beijing100083.ChinaAbstract:IhelargestmassextinctioneventinthePlianerozoiet(K)kplaceattheendofPermian.T

55、hecauseofthisbiologicalcrisisisstillremainingc()i)h()v<'rsial.IhisworkusesllieearlK)nisolopf*,majorandminorelementsacrossIhePermian-TriassicboundaryaltheDonglingsectionintheXiusliuicityoflh<*JiangxiProvincetostudytherelationshipbetweenIheglobalcarlxuicycleperlurbahonande(Hisistrnlprovenanc

56、echangesandthemassextindion.Therrsullsshowthatthecarbonatecarbonisotopeprofiledisplaysstepwisenegativeexcursion.Themagnitudesoffirstandsecondarystepwiseare2%cand2.5%。，respectiv<?ly,withatotalrnagnitudtof4.5%aInlheprocessMskpwiseii牌aliveexcursionofcarbonis<)h>pe,lheprovenanceofsilicate(:()in

57、|x)sili()ninthecarbonatesrockchangesfromrnaficigneousrocksloislandarcintenn(*(liale-aci(ligneousrocks.ThelaterprobablyconcernwiththevolcaniceruptionofSouthernChinaIsland.Accordingtonegativeexcursionofcarlx)nisotopehasthesametimewiththechangeofprovenanceandashlayer,conjectureitrnayrelatetoSouthChinai

58、slandarcvolcanismandvolcanismemptionofSiberianlargeigneousprovinces,large-scalevolcanismeruptionreleasedortriggeredearlx)ndioxidesandmetliane.ThesegreenliousegasesandtheglobalregressionprobablyarethemaincausesforthisstepwisecarbonisotopicexcursionacrossthePer-mian-Triassicboundary.Thedeterioratedenv

59、ironmentsresultedfromthevolcanism,e.g.,globalwamiing,marineanoxia,marine；K,i(lilicati()n,largesedimentinfluxresi山edfrom(lek'rioration,leadtothe*incrcasc'dpressureoforganismexigenceandthusthemassextinction.Keywords:earlkhiisotope:Pennian-Triassicboundary:provenance；massextinction:DonglingSection化：刈，从而诱发r生物危机。这些沉积物的供应与碳同位素变化的关系可以从新的角度探讨碳同位素负偏中轻碳的来源问题以及碳循孙扰动、沉枳物变化及生物灭绝三者之间的关系。因此，本次研究在江西东岭剖面二叠一三登系界线地层中开展碳酸盐岩碳同位素组成以及全岩主量、微量元素分析，研究碳同位素比值的变化以及沉积物元素组成的变化来探讨碳循环、沉积物供应的变化与生物灭绝的关系。1地质背景江西东岭剖面位于江西省修水县四都镇东岭村（图la）,坐标为29