词汇课讲义122单词monica

1、12.2单词讲义section47+60+61+62+63 Monica记得录屏1 复习回顾同根词rid笑：deride, ridiculesanct神：sacrosanct, sanctify, sanction ver真：verify, veraciousviv活：survive, vivacityplic折叠：duplicate, duplicitous luc光：elucidate, lucid, pellucid tain抓住：pertain, retainscribe写：circumscribe, manuscript, nondescript同根词oner麻烦：onerous,

2、exonerate pud羞耻：repudiate, impudentanthrop人：anthropology, anthropogenic sal跳：salient, assail, unassailableseq跟随：sequential, obsequious, sequela rupt破：corrupt, rupturecept拿：inception, accept, exceptional, perceptible同义词坦白的：candid, straightforward, frank自治的：autonomous, independent陈词滥调：cliché, tro

3、pe详尽的：exhaustive, comprehensive多话的：glib, loquacious, voluble低估：underestimate, underrate消除：quell, kill减轻：mitigate, mollify, assuage, soothe同义词限制：conne, circumscribe费力的：onerous, taxing同意：accession, acquiescence拒绝：abnegation, negation, repudiation不稳定：turbulence, instability激起：incite, provoke, evoke谴责：c

4、astigate, chastise, lambaste, reprehend, reproach帮助：ministration, help前景：promise, prospect同义词多余的：redundant, superuous, surplus躲避：elude, evade, eschew, shun宝贵的：valuable, invaluable 恰到好处的：timely, opportune 难闻的气味：efuvia, malodor 恶臭的：malodorous, noisome无害的：benign, anodyne好听地唱：warble, croon尖叫/嚎叫：shriek,

5、caterwaul同义词：杰出：prominence, salience的： pecuniary, economic无私的：seless, altruistic深思熟虑的：deliberate, calculated, considered引人注目的：compelling, attractive社交的：social, gregarious提供：purvey, provide不切实际的：visionary, idealistic有远见的：visionary, provident同义词：弄湿：douse, drench抓住：capture, secure非常渴望做：too eager to, to

6、o quick to, too willing to嘲笑：mockery, derision无可指责的：unimpeachable, blameless确信：certitude, assurance正直：integrity, rectitude, probity安抚：propitiate, placate同义词：增大：augment, aggrandize, amplify堵塞：occlude, obstruct, clog使：stun, shock, startle使高兴：elate, exhilarate新的：creative, original, innovative抑制：suppres

7、s, repress, smother, suffocate产生：yield, engender幻觉的：illusory, chimerical不重要的 ：marginal, peripheral开始：foundation, inception同义词：幼稚的：juvenile, callow, green, immature, inexperienced可以用的：functional, applicable小的：diminutive, minuscule, minute敏感的：responsive, sensitive形近词（学生复习版）apathetic冷漠的antipathyinsolat

8、e使暴晒isolateeconomic的economical节约的momentous重要的attenuate 减轻momentary短暂的accentuate强调found基础founder奠基人；失败形近词（炫技版）apathetic, antipathy isolate, insolate economic, economical momentary, momentous accentuate, attenuatefound, founder2 新词汇Section 471. The science of astronomy was begun by amateurs（业余者；dilett

9、ante ） and today remains dependent on their contributions, which are incisive（深刻的） by virtue of （由于）beingby the a priori assumptions that often vitiate（损害） the work of professional researchscientists.characterized有特点character性格，characteristic特点A.B.C.unencumbered不受阻碍的=unbridledsupported支持cumb躺cumber阻

10、碍D. contradicted反驳inspired 鼓舞= arouse, evoke, inspire, provokeE.47-2. Without seeming unworldly（超凡脱俗的）, William James appearedwholly removed from the of society, the conventionality（传统;conventional, traditional, orthodox ） of academy.A. ethos气质，精神pathos悲伤idealistic 不切实际的idealism理想romance浪漫paradoxesB

11、.C.D.E.romantic不切实际的=utopian, quixoticcommonplaces平凡，俗= common47-3. The (i)to disseminate（；semin） the vast scienticknowledge of our time to nonscientists shows real (ii)the extent of（人类） is capable of, like allowing a great work ofachievements humaart to molder in a warehouse.Blank (i)Blank (ii)A. f

12、ailure失败D. pretentious regarding pretentious 炫耀的，浮夸的=amboyantbuoyant 心情愉快的B. plan计划E. sympathy toward同情C. willingness乐意unwilling不情愿的=reluctantF. indifference to冷漠47-4.（讲过） Unlike the elected branches of the United States government,where makingal connection with citizens is (i)and almost(ii)politica

13、l efcacy, the United States Supreme Court continues to maintain that its members should communicate with the public almostexclusively（唯一的=only ） through formal opinionsand even throughceremonial rituals that date back to the nineteenth century.Blank (i)Blank (ii)A. frowned upon不赞成frown皱眉，不喜欢D. a req

14、uirement for要求B. rampant猖獗的，不受限制的 反：bridled, checked, constrained, controlledE. a detriment to损害detrimental有害的tri磨损contrite后悔的C. disregarded轻视ignore, overlook, neglectF. an irrelevance to不相关，不重要47-5. A transformative（的） scientic idea that emerged in theeighteenth century was the realization that slo

15、w, inexorable geologicalprocesses follow the basic laws of physics and chemistry. This seems(i) in hindsight, but its implicationthat geologicalprocesses in the distant past must have (ii)these very samelawswas (iii)geologists in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.Blank(i)Blank (ii)Blank (iii)A

16、. an obvious明显的D. followed跟随G. evident to明显的B. a signicant重要的E. preceded在之前H. overlooked by忽视C. a controversial有争议的F. entailed导致 causeI. revolutionary for革新的transformative47-6. It is possible for human to go 40 or more hours without sleep and still be ableto (i) information acquired at the beginning

17、 of the sleepless period. Thus, when we are considering a role for sleep in human memory consolidation（巩固；solid结实的）, we are referring to a possible role in the (ii)encoding（编码；） of information and optimizing of recall, not a (iii)decodeof sleep forrecalling events of the prior day.Blank(i)Blank (ii)

18、Blank (iii)A. legitimize合法化=justifyD. longer-term长期的G. requirement要求；必要条件B. augment增加E. acute敏锐的acid尖酸刻薄的acerbic尖刻的H. surplus多余的C. disgorge呕吐gorg喉咙gorge峡谷；狼吞虎咽regurgitate 反刍F. qualitative定性的qualify限定quantify 测量I.facet方面47-7. Communicating articulately（表达清晰地；articulate表达清晰） istypically regarded as an

19、 aggressive, persuasivent, but it can also beprotective: it allows a certain closeness, conveying proximity（亲密）while actually maintaining distance.feign表现出=appearA. feigned=Esecretive偷偷dubious可疑的的=FB.C.D.E.F.secretsubtle不直接的=indirectfalsefurtive偷偷的=surreptitious, clandestine, covert47-8. The Chavez

20、Pass archaeological site was initially interpreted as indicative of society, since it was thought to have been at the center of a cluster of smaller, contemporary settlements that it presumably controlled.A. an expansionist扩大B. a hierarchical有等级的=FC. an urban城市的D. a heterogeneous多样的=EE. a diverse多样的

21、者archmonarchheterodox异端的orthodox 正统的F. a stratied分层的stratify分等级stratied rock成层岩47-9. Although the essayists arguments did not her most perceptivereaders, the extreme subtlety of the points she made explains why she was misinterpreted（误解） by most critics of her day.convince使确信=Dconfound使困惑=EA.B.enter

22、taining吸引人的= absorbing, intriguing, engagingdissuade劝阻C. entertainpersuade说服perplex使困惑D.E.F.enlighten启发=edify, illuminate47-10. Architects may be more extroverted（外向的） and therefore the moremembers of a bridge design team, but they are not always themost essential（必不可少的）.indispensable必不可少的conscienti

23、ous尽职尽责的；有良心的reliable可靠的A.B.C.conscience良心sciD. visible显眼突出的=Fvaluable有价值的salient显眼突出的E.F.sal 跳unassailable无可争辩的assailSection 601. Since many African farmers face a soil fertility problem, providing funding for fertilizer seems; closer examination of the data raisessome troubling questions, however.

24、imprudent不明智的区分：impudent的pensive沉思的A.B. expensive昂贵的expansive健谈的unimpeachable无可指责的modern现代的worrisome令人烦恼的C.D.E.60-2. Having regarded Marcus relationship to their boss as entirely,Jo was abbergasted（令吃一惊） when Marcus publicly made clearhis objections to some changes the boss was introducing.A. profes

25、sional专业的greenunprofessional经验不足的=inexperienced,sycophantic拍马屁的sycophant马屁精B.C. prosaic平凡的=mundaneprose意见不同的sid坐assiduous, sedulous勤奋的D.E.collegial学院的，社团的college学院60-3. There are far too many (i)in the report, such as incorrect date(albeit on (ii) points), inconsistency between the text and relatedt

26、ables（图表）, and discrepancies between the citations（references.） and theBlank (i)Blank (ii)A. unsupported generalizations没有被支持的概括D. numerous大量的区分：numinous神秘的B. stylistic infelicities风格的不合适felicity合适;幸福E. minor小majorC. little errors小错误F. perplexing令人困惑的60-4. he physical (i)seen in the remains of soldi

27、ers who fought in the fteenth-century battle of Towton is unsurprising, given the (ii) originsof the men who took the battleeld that day.Blank (i)Blank (ii)A. decay=decline, languish languid懒惰的D. disparate不同的区分disparage贬低B. strength优点E. unknown未知的C. diversity多样F. controversial有争议的incontrovertible 无可

28、争议的60-5. Many popular musicians have (i)new digital technologies that allow them unprecedented control over their music. These musicians usecomputers to (ii) and modify their songs, resulting in（导致） a levelof musical precision often unattainable naturally. Of course, though, as isoften the case with

29、 new technologies, some traditionalists (iii) these.Blank(i)Blank (ii)Blank (iii)A. incorporated包含corporate共同的D. energize使有活力G. balk at拒绝B. synthesizedE. delineate描写line线H. revel in沉溺于=enjoyC. alleviated减轻lev举起levity轻浮F. recast改变=rem, alter, modifyI.riate=revenge, avenge talio以牙还牙60-6. Campus-wide d

30、iscussion on academic integrity can be (i)by the fact that faculty and students tend to dene cheating in (ii)ways.Even when they concur on what cheating means, faculty and students often assign different levels of severity to specic violations. These differences can serve as a major (iii)the creatio

31、n of a commonlyaccepted set of standards of integrity that are consistently applied to allBlank(i)Blank (ii)Blank (iii)A. expeditedD. disparate不同的G. indictment of谴责B. obscured模糊E. conventional传统的H. impediment to阻碍C. hampered阻碍hamstring使无效ham-handed笨手笨脚的F. rigid严格的I.metaphor for比喻metaphoric比喻的60-7. O

32、rigin, distribution, and habitat are included in the book for some but not all of the plants; offering this information for each species would have given readers a clearer appreciation of the differences betweenandintroduced species.endemic本地的=Bepidemic 流行的A.B.C.demdemocracynative本地的=indigenous, abo

33、riginalseasonal季节的D. rare稀少的rarefy使稀薄= attenuate, diluteunusual不寻常的= unique, particulardominant主要的=cardinal, paramount, majorE.F.minor次要的60-8. Some have argued that naming scientic discoveries after the people who make them can scientic progress, because the nomenclature lacks useful clarity, having

34、 no relationship to the underlying principles thatgovern nature.hamper阻碍A.B.abet鼓励bet bitesti刺；钉stingy小气的C. instigatestigmaobscure模糊的D.E.nullify使无效annul取消null=0F.impede阻碍60-9. Each of the countrys 26 sates and most of its more than 2,000municipalities have their ownforces, communication andmaking it

35、 difcult to establish a coordinated law-enforcement strategy.A. establishing建立impeding阻碍hampering阻碍launching开始B.C.D.E.F.launch, commence, genesis开始obscuring使模糊preventing60-10. Although there is an incredible diversity of microbes across the body of each individual, the fact that specic body sites te

36、nd to host a few specic bacteria indicates that the bodys microora are not distributed.haphazardly随意地=Fhaphazard随意的=random, aimlessA.B.uniformly一致地homogeneous, uniform 同一性的C. effectively有效地=Cheterogeneously不同地D.E.F.functionally有效地randomly随意地functional可行的=feasiblerandom随意的Section6161-1. One might exp

37、ect someone of suchviews to have a comparablydour（严肃）ality, but people who have worked with her talk abouthow she uses her considerable charm to convince people that she is right.区分： forebear祖先A. forbearingB. convoluted复杂的C. felicitous恰当的幸福的D. astringent严厉的E. hyperbolic夸张的夸张：hyperbolize, overstate,

38、exaggerate61-2. Some species camouage（；拟态） patterns may be,granting those species a higher chance of survival in a heterogeneousenvironment.A. plastic可塑的B. subtle微妙，不直接的=indirectC. singular单一的D. consistent一致的E. imitable可模仿的61-3. In the discussions on international patent law, many (i) issues will pr

39、obably be pushed far into the future. This cautious approach makes diplomatic sense, since attempts over the past 15years to reach international agreements on patents have (ii)justsBuclahnske(ni)sitive issuesBlank (ii)A. contentious 有争议的D. approached接近B. stimulating激励的E. articulated清晰地说C. subjective

40、的objective客观的be subject to受制于F. foundered on失败61-4. The report is admittedly (i): it is intended to suggest new linesof research rather than to deal with the subject in a (ii)manner.Blank (i)Blank (ii)A. sketchy简略的D. cavalier冷漠的caviar鱼子酱chivalry骑士精神B. exculpatory 免罪的exculpate使脱罪E. deceptive的C. ippan

41、t轻浮的F. thorough详尽的=complete, exhaustive61-5. Cynics will dismiss the race between Richard and Gorman as two equally dull candidates. However, the notion that the two leaders are(i)does not meet them, for they are as different as can be. Richard is (ii)and is fastidious of her appearance. So one coul

42、d hardly accuseher of being either taciturn or (iii).Blank(i)Blank (ii)Blank (iii)A. interchangeable相同的=fungibleD. condescending高高在上的=patronizingG. unkempt不讲究的kempt整洁的B. uncritical 不的E. loquacious话多的H. reticent沉默的=, taciturn C. competent 有能力的competency胜任力F. blunt直白的I. adherent依附着的61-6. People love t

43、o talk about their commutes to and from work: those with an easycommute tend to (i), while those who hate their commute think and speak of it as a core afiction（折磨）, like a chronic illness. Once you raise the subject, the testimonies pour out, and, if your ears are tuned to it, you begin overhearing

44、commutk everywhere. People who are normally (ii)may, whendescribing their commutes, be unexpectedly(iii) divulging the intimate detailsof their lives.Blank(i)Blank (ii)Blank (iii)A. grumble 抱怨D. inattentive不注意的G. candid in坦诚的B. commiserate同情E. garrulous话多的H. economical in节约的C. gloat 幸灾乐祸gloat overF.

45、 circumspect谨慎的I. ustered about慌乱的61-7. Every illness is a story, and when Annies began it wascharacterized by the kinds ofdetails that mean nothing until seen in hindsight.A. salient显眼的=CB. unexceptional平凡的=FC. conspicuous显眼的D. suggestive暗示的E. abundant大量的F. nondescript平凡的61-8. Peoples decisions abo

46、ut childbearing depend on innumerable（大量的；numerable可以计算的）al consideration and socifactors,yet even knowing this, demographers are often : their projections（预测） of birth rates frequently turn out to be embarrassingly at odds with reality.A. sanguine乐观的=EB. ummoxed困惑的=FC. inconsistent不一致的D. overconden

47、t过分自信的E. heartened鼓励的F. confounded困惑的61-9. The brain has become, for many people,the biological machinations of the self, and the self-knowledge promised by neuroscience has ignited a hunger to understand how new ndings weigh in on age-oldquestions.A. tantamount to等同于=BB. synonymous with等同于C. implic

48、ated in有关联D. divorced fromE. detached from=Eattach附属serv服务tach连接serve服务F. subservient to屈从的servant佣人61-10. Although scientic progress leads to constant revision of ideas, oneobservation that has remainedover the years is that there are a lot of insects in the world: some 950,000 species have been id

49、entied.A. robust不变的=CB. signicant重要的C. strong不变的D. perplexing困惑的=EE. confounding困惑的F. obscure难以理解的Section 6262-1 The often-cited parallels between human communities and insect colonies are: the cooperation found among social insects is essentially due to the insects genetic ties, while humans often

50、collaboratewith non-relatives.A. supercial肤浅的 （没有）B. obvious明显的C. hackneyed陈腐的=cliché的=ambivalentD. contradictoryE. uncanny奇怪的=strange62-2 In the nineteenth century, geology became so respected among middle-class Britons that the science came to be seen asa yardstick by which other disciplines

51、measured their scientic rigor and imaginativepower.A. accessible易懂的B. derivative旧的derive from来源于C. pragmatic务实的反：idealisticD. empirical基于实验的E. paradigmatic典范的paradigm典范=m62-3 Throughout much of the twentieth century, common scientic sense seemed to dictate that animals could not make a choice based

52、on rational or aesthetic criteria. Such choices were (i)the mental capacity of humans. Scientists who (ii)this animal-human cognitive divisionwere often accused of anthropomorphism.Blank(i)Blank(ii)A.for有D. accepted接受B. inconsistent with不一致的E. transgressed违背gress走C. similar to相似F. exacerbatedexasper

53、ate激怒62-4 For many adults, the adolescent years occupy (i) place in the memory, which to some degree is even quantiable: give a grown adult a series of random prompts and cues, odds are he or she will recall (ii) number of memories from adolescence.Blank(i)Blank(ii)A. a peripheral不重要的peri周围peripatet

54、ic漫游的D. a disproportionate不成比例的proportion比例 B. a privileged大的，有的E. a modest少C. an arbitrary随意的，武断的F. an uncertain不确定的62-5 Company historians tend to focus on either the company itself or company leaders, the latter being (i) by writers who think (ii) isimportant, the former favored by writers who think co