丹参标准化生产技术规程(sop)-（Technical specification for standardized production of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SOP)）

1、丹参标准化生产技术规程(sop)-（Technical specification for standardized production of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SOP)）The planting time of winter should be from late October to early November, and the planting in spring should be in late FebruaryIn early March, sunny mining is selected. This base promotes planti

2、ng in winter.The acquisition method used by your tooth planting machine low side deep 30cm, by digging, planting with mining,Can not be concentrated, so as not to heat.It is better to breed and store fresh roots and reed heads in 3.3.3. The storage time of roots was not more than 7d. Storage

3、The measures of preventing heat and wilting were carried out, and the storage time of cut roots was not more than 12h, and the storage and transportation of roots were also carried outTime is not more than 3D, immediately after cutting section planting.4 cultivation techniques of Salvia miltiorrhiza

4、4.1 sowing and seedling raisingThe choice of 4.1.1 seedling field is close to the water source, the terrain is flat, the drainage is good, and the groundwater level is not exceeded1.5m; soil tillage is generally not less than 30cm; sandy loam acidic soil more fertile or slightly alkaline; requiremen

5、tsIn the previous year, crops were grown as grasses, such as wheat, corn, or fallow land. Peanut, vegetable and Salvia miltiorrhiza were planted in the preceding cropThe plots can not be used as breeding fields, and the sites should be selected in the base area.4.1.2 application of seedbed preparati

6、on compost manure or manure l.5 * 104kg/hm2Diammonium phosphate 150kg / hm2, tillage depth 20cm above. Rake, level, clearStone weed. A furrow with a width of 1.2m, a width of 30cm between the border and a depth of 20cm.4.1.3 seed sowing time should be timely sowing after seed harvest, usually in lat

7、e June or early July. AcreWith the seeds of 37.5 52.5kg and 2 3 times on the fine after mixing, evenly spread on the bed, with a broom or shovelPat, the seed and soil full contact, with wheat straw or wheat bran to cover tightly not exposed soil is appropriate, and then poured through the wall of wa

8、ter,To keep enough humidity.4.1.4 seedling after sowing, seedbed examination once a day, to observe the seedbed moisture and sprouting, such as dayWater can be sprayed on the mulch to keep the seedbed moist; the seedlings begin to emerge at 4D after the general sowing, and the 15d seedlings are basi

9、cQi qi. When the seedling turned green, in the evening or cloudy gradually uncover with many times (Note: cover off toIts too late to hide or die. In the upper and middle reaches of August, if the seedlings are short of fertilizer, they can be combined with irrigation or rainy daysUrea 75kg/hm2.4.1.

10、5 after the emergence of seedbed management such as weeds, shall promptly hand pulling, to prevent the shortage of seedling grass too thick, should be:Thinning, keep bacteria spacing is about 5cm. General 1hm2 seedling field can be transplanted in 10 12hm2 field.4.2 transplanting seedlings4.2.l lift

11、ing in general before transplanting, with the starting with load as well; with the excavation of your teeth. Immediately after the seedlingNo wind at the shade seedling selection. Reject unqualified seedlings, each 100 seedlings with wheat straw or straw into a bundle, strapping can notToo tight.4.2

12、.2 had to be screened in the seedling test seedlings before transplanting, with insect bites or germs, abnormal color and rotThe weak seedlings should be removed.4.2.3 seedlings transport seedlings with a clean basket or breathable bag packaging; with clean carThe longest storage and transportation

13、time is not more than 24h, so as to prevent burning.4.2.4 field soil treatment. If the selected plots belong to the root knot nematodes and other diseases prone areas, soil treatment should be doneSoil preparation, every 3% hm2 application of phoxim particles 45kg, scattered on the ground, into the

14、soil, soilSoil disinfection; or 50% phoxim EC 3 3.75kg, with 10 times water diluted into 30 37.5kg, sprayed inOn the fine soil of 375 450kg, the mixture is evenly mixed, so that the medicine solution is fully absorbed on the fine soil and is made into poisonous soilThe ground is evenly dispersed on

15、the ground, and the soil is turned into the soil, or the poisonous soil is removed into the vicinity of the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings, if it can rain in the rainBefore the application, the effect is better.4.2.5 field cleaning and removal of weeds around the field ridge and away from the field o

16、f burn, every hm2Mu apply compost manure or manure (2.25 3) * 104kg, diammonium phosphate 15M, high 25cm,Between the ridge ditch 25cm width, open around the field wide 40cm, deep 40cm drainage ditch, in order to facilitate drainageOut of field.4.2.6 seedling transplanting(1) seedling treatment: the

17、planting of vegetables, potatoes, peanuts or Salvia miltiorrhiza in the front row should be carried out when transplantingChemical treatment. The method is: optimize pest of Salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings, planted before 50% or 70% carbendazim thiophanate methyl800 times liquid dipped in roots and tr

18、eated with 10min bell to transplant after drying, so as to effectively control the infection of root rot and other pathogens.(2) autumn seedling in late October to early November (between the dew to frost), cut in CardiffAt the beginning of March. The plant spacing ranged from 20 to 25cm x 20 25cm,

19、depending on the soil fertility, and the spacing of the strong fertile plants should be large. stayRidge open hole, hole depth to seedling root length can be extended, the root of the seedlings too long, to cut the lower part, retain the length of 10cmRoot seedling can; will stand vertically hole in

20、 the earth, his heart to compaction buds, each planted about hm21.2 x 105 lines or so, after planting soil moisture amount of root pouring water, avoid flooding.4.3 planting4.3.1 field selection, soil treatment and cleaning, and transplanting seedlingsThe seedling rate and survival rate of 4.3.2 ree

21、d are higher, more roots and higher yield, so it is advocatedThe seedlings were planted in winter and planted in spring, and they were planted in winter.The cultivation method of Lu tou: when digging Salvia miltiorrhiza, the plant with strong growth, no disease and insect pest was selected, and the

22、taproot (coarse root) was selected) cut for medicinal, the diameter of 0.6cm below the root root stem on the reed head even for planting, by row spacing of 25cmX 20cm digging pit or ditching, ditch depth to fine root natural extension is appropriate, and then the reed head into the nest or trench, c

23、overing soilCovered with mulch film. Winter planting advocates mulching with plastic film, which can maintain soil temperature and humidity, and promote early germination and emergenceFast and orderly, long growth period, high yield.4.3.3 Root Cutting Reproduction (also known as very cultivated) roo

24、t in the transportation, preservation should pay attention to ventilation, ventilation,Do not focus on stacking, so as not to burn out the germination point. It can be planted in spring and cut in winter.Root cultivation method: autumn and winter harvest Salvia miltiorrhiza, select red color, no dec

25、ay, no pests, development and enrichment,The roots of 0.7 to 1cm diameter were used as seed roots for cultivation. It is also possible to leave plants with strong growth and no disease and insect pestsThe ground can not be excavated and planted as a kind of root. The root of the upper part was inter

26、cepted as much as possible when the roots were selected. 2/3 of the roots were taken as much as possibleFor the best. The spring planting in spring drought from 2 to March, in the fine furrow rake, according to the row spacing of 20cm * 25cm or ditching and digging holesNest, or channel 5 to 7cm dee

27、p, fossa application of manure or manure amount, and then mix well, will undercut the subsoil.A short section of 5 7cm is planted as root, which can be planted in the direction of original growth, and can not be inverted, and each nest is planted into 1 sections, and then covered with fine soilThick

28、ness is about 2 3cm. It should not be too thick or too thin, otherwise it is difficult to germinate; after planting, cover with plastic film and be drilled after emergenceSeeding. Root needs about hm2 per 1200kg.4.4 field management4.4.1 weeding and weeding generally weeding three times, April seedl

29、ings for about 10cm, for the first time; JuneTen flowers before and after second times, in late August for third times, usually to have grass in addition to. In a word, weeding is necessaryIf the weed is not timely removed, it will cause shortage of seedlings, leading to serious reduction or dead se

30、edlings.4.4.2 topdressingThe time and species of topdressingSalvia after the spring, after 9 months of growth period to harvest, except when planted in the base fertilizer, growthTopdressing is needed 3 times in the process. First, in mid March, when combined with Salvia green irrigation Shi

31、 Di fertilizer per hm2 fertilizer fertilizer No. 1 of 120 150kg. Second at the end of April to mid May, not seed plots can beThe first cut in the inflorescence; seed plots in early flowering stage; spraying fertilizer, fertilizer No. 2 EMAs foliar fertilizer 75 150kg/hm2. The third time, from the mi

32、ddle of August to the early September, coincided with the vigorous growth of Salvia miltiorrhizaIn the long term, the roots were rapidly extended and expanded, and the formula fertilizer No. 3 was 150 225kg per hm2.Method of topdressingOrganic fertilizer as base fertilizer,Must go through ha

33、rmless treatment, compost, combined with land plunged into deep soilFertilization combined with weeding and weeding. First, third dressing used byfurrow method, namely in the row ditch, ditch depth 3To 5cm, fertilize in furrow, cover soil to flat, then irrigate. The fertilizer was formulated by foli

34、ar fertilizer for the second timeNo. 2 water solution diluted to 0.3%, EM fertilizer diluted to 400 500 times of water solution in the sunny morning and 4 p.m.After noon or cloudy, avoid water evaporates quickly caused leaf injury: 1 times a week, 3 times later.4.4.3 irrigation and drainage i

35、rrigation(L) irrigation equipment condition base should have river water source or pumping well, where conditions can be equipped with sprayingIrrigation facility.(2) 57 months is the flourishing period of Salvia miltiorrhiza growth, and the water requirement is largeIrrigation or sprinkling irrigat

36、ion should be carried out in time. Disable irrigation. drainage(1) the drainage area should be surrounded by a drainage ditch with a depth of 40cm or moreChang.(2) the drainage connection of rainy weather, soil water, drainage should be timely dredge and deepen the fieldDitch to more than 35c

37、m, the water into the total drainage ditch around the plots.The fastest increasing period of the root weight of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge was from mid August to mid October, so there was sufficient nutrient water in this periodWhether or not a great impact on the yield, we must strengthen field mana

38、gement, prevent water, drought, lack of fertilizer and overgrown farmland.4.4.4 disbudding controlling seedling except seed plots, the remaining plots should play lei. In late April to early May, the LordThere are bud buds on the axis and lateral branches, and the bud should be cut off immediately a

39、fter the elbow is removedIn order to promote root development. The scissors used must be clean, clean and free from pollution. According to the experiment, fertilization was carried out,Soil preparation, seeding, fertilizing, watering and other measures in exactly the same situation, flower bud rati

40、o does not cut flower yield of fresh rootFrom 12.98% to 18.75%, increased by 20% 22.22%. Remove the flower bud stems by hand, so as not to damage the stems and leaves.4.5 problems should be paid attention to in the process of Salvia miltiorrhiza cultivation land consolidation must be smooth,

41、no ground clods (eggs) and gravel stones, so as not to affect the emergence. the whole seedling must be made of spices, and is better to high ridge furrow, one is beneficial to seedling management, such asFertilization, grass removal, and two are beneficial to drainage or irrigation. s

42、owing should not be too deep, generally after planting with a broom gently pat, can not use iron teeth harrow digging harrow. cover wheat straw can not be too thick, 2 to 3cm is appropriate, and must be timely removed, in order to prevent death,Yellow cover seedling. Wheat straw generally in

43、the afternoon or rain weather, so as to avoid the sun drying seedlings at noon. must pay attention to the irrigation soil moisture, seed germination must have suitable temperature and humidity, if not moistureEnough, the seed will not emerge.At the seedling stage of , a small amount of

44、 chemical fertilizer or diluted biogas solution should be applied and combined with irrigation at the same timeAttention should be paid to grass removal in order to avoid seedling growth or seedling growth. deep over 35cm of land, and made a high ridge, surrounded by a good waterproof ditch,

45、one is conducive to the prevention of diseases and pestsTwo, it is beneficial to increase the yield of Salvia miltiorrhiza.When the seedlings were moved by , the furrow depth was better than that of seedlings.After transplanting , if the soil moisture is poor, the root water must be po

46、ured. by transplanting ridge because salvia is a deep root plant, in loose soil, good ventilation, soilPlanting in deep soil is beneficial to root elongation and thickening. According to the experiment, the ridge increased about 15% compared with control.The advantages are: ridge thickening o

47、f loose soil, improve the soil temperature, increase the temperature difference between day and night. The ridge blood light reception tableThe area is large, the soil surface temperature rises rapidly during the day, the leaves produce more photosynthetic products, the night temperature is fast, an

48、d the plants consume less nutrientsTherefore, it is beneficial to the accumulation of nutrients in Yu Dan ginseng root,The ridge is conducive to irrigation and drainage.Some problems needing attention in 4.5.3 cut section cultivation must choose the root, there are scars, diseases and insect

49、pests, the root can not be planted roots. must be arranged according to the growth order of the newspaper, and can not be planted when planted, otherwise, it will not emerge. root diameter must be between 0.7 1.0cm, too fine, germination rate is very poor, or even no germination.4.5.3.

50、4 winter and spring planted should mulch to soil moisture and heat preservation, promote early emergence, early growthRoot, increase yield. must pay attention to weeding, especially early seedling, field transplanting (including cutting section, reed head planting), hairWeeding should be noti

51、ced in the early stage of bud, and the weeds around the seedling must be removed by hand.The of Salvia fear of floods, such as Overcast Rain, timely drainage, to prevent rot. timely play to spend moss, except seed, should cut flower buds, reduce nutrient consumption, promote root grow

52、th.4.5.5 other issues should pay attention toIt is advisable to grow Salvia miltiorrhiza continuously for more than two years in the same plot of .Fertilization fertilization should be based on the principle of basal fertilizer, topdressing fertilizers should be used;The organic ferti

53、lizer (including farm manure and commercial organic fertilizer) should be the main fertilizer supplemented by chemical fertilizerThe manure, compost, poultry manure and fertilizer containing organic matter more, before the late growth stage or the upcoming harvest can beA small amount of fertilizer

54、(Pei Fangfei) should be used in coordination. Application of farmyard manure, compost or fertilizer must be cooked or salted.There will be serious diseases and insect pests. Without retting mature farmyard manure, which is not prohibited the use of varieties of fertilizer strict regulations of the c

55、ompanyProhibition of use.5 Prevention and control of diseases and pests of Salvia miltiorrhiza and common pesticide use methods5.1 guidelines for safe use of pesticides in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge5.1.l prohibits the use of highly toxic, hig

56、hly toxic, high residual or three (carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic) pesticides.5.1.2 forbid the use of herbicides in the whole process of Salvia miltiorrhiza production.5.1.3 banned the use of pesticides within one month before harvest.5.1.4 base technical personnel should go deep into the base

57、 to understand the disease and pest situation in time, according to the specific circumstances, made by the companyUnified prevention and control measures, screening of efficient, low toxicity, low residue pesticide varieties, and limit the use of drugs, strictStrictly according to operating norms to guide and supervise the use of safety yaonong.5.1.5 base managers must make a detailed record of pesticide application.5.2 prevention and control measures of main diseases and in